• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 2013

고추생장 촉진을 위해 병원균에 대한 방제력과 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성을 보이는 미생물 혼합배양액의 효과를 검증하였다. Saccharomyces sp. L13은 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성으로 분리되었으며 Bacillus sp. L32는 고추역병과 고추탄저병에 대한 길항력 활성으로 분리되었다. 특히 L32 균주는 대치배양법과 잎을 이용한 실증실험에서 모두 길항능력을 보였으며 시설재배를 이용한 실증실험에서도 병의 발병율을 저감시켰다. 두 균주의 혼합배양은 각 균주들의 생장율에 영향을 주지 않았으며 고추에 대한 혼합배양액 처리는 고추역병과 고추탄저병의 발병율을 저감시키는 동시에 난용성 인산염의 가용화를 통해 고추의 생장율을 증대시키는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 두 균주의 혼합배양액이 작물재배를 위한 미생물제제로서 잠재적 효용성이 높다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2004

Purpose: The heel fat pad has a unique structure that is important for its shock absorbing function. Loss of elasticity and change in the thickness of the heel pad have been suggested as cause of heel pain. The present study shows the relationship between the thickness of heel fat pad and age, sex, obesity and plantar heel pain. Materials and Methods: A study of heel pad thickness using plain lateral radiographs, unloaded by body weight, was carried out on 66 patients with plantar heel pain and 326 normal subjects. The population was divided into two or three groups according to their age, sex, body mass index, and the presence of symptom. We evaluated the differences in heel pad thickness between groups, and the relationship between BMI and Sex and Age was also determined, using statistically analytic method by SPSS version 10.1 program. Results: Heel pad thickness was greater in the subject over 40 years old (p<0.001), and in the overweight (p<0.001), and male heel pad was thicker than female (p<0.001). But there was no statistically significant difference for heel pad thickness between normal subject and plantar heel pain group. Conclusion: In this study, we found that there is a relationship between heel pad thickness and age, sex, and obesity. But we could not show that the difference of heel pad thickness is contributing factor to plantar heel pain. Although it could not be proved statistically, we believe that a change of heel pad thickness play a role in the development of heel pain. So we are planning to assess a relationship of heel pad elasticity and thickness and plantar heel pain again with prospective study method on the basis of the results of this study.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.334-348
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• 2017

Objectives: We investigated the impacts of indoor plants on indoor air quality and occupational health, focusing on allergic rhinconjunctivitis and stress among employees in new office buildings. Methods: A total of 34 employees working at new public office buildings were enrolled as subjects (n=17, with indoor plants) and as a control (n=17) group. Before and after introducing indoor plants for three months, indoor air quality measurements including VOCs and aldehydes and questionnaires on sick building syndrome, AR symptoms (ARIA based), stress (DASS 42, KOSS, and SACL), and indoor characteristics were performed and statistically analysed. Results: Among the 34 enrolled subjects, 19 were included in the probable AR subject group (subjects with indoor plants, n=8, control n=11) and completed all questionnaires. Statistical analyses were done for total, AR subject groups, and controls. As a result, it was confirmed that major indoor air pollutants decreased after the introduction of indoor plants (p<0.5). Among major symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, watery rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, and nasal itching indexes decreased (p<0.5, respectively). A decrease was noted in some areas of work-related stress indexes (mainly KOSS) among the subject group (total and AR) and a decrease of indoor environmental attractiveness among the control group (total and AR) (p<0.5, for all). Conclusions: Indoor plants may help reduce indoor air pollutants and decrease AR symptoms and work-related stress of employees in newly built office buildings. Various further follow-up studies on the mechanism of environmental, physical, and emotional influences and utilization of indoor plants in association with allergic diseases will be needed.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1988

전국양만장(全國養鰻場)에 pleistophora포자충(胞子蟲)이 기생(奇生)하여 상당한 피해(被害)를 입고 있는 실정(實情)이다. Pleistophora증(症)에 관(關)한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 감염방법(感染方法)과 감염량(感染量), 감염율(感染率)의 관계(關係) 및 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 관찰(觀察)을 검토(檢討)한 것으로 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Pleistophora anguillarum 포자(胞子)를 경구감염(經口感染)시키거나 침지감염(沈漬感染)시킨 결과(結果), 모두 감염(感染)이 성립(成立)되었다. 경구감염(經口感染)의 경우 포자수(胞子數) $2.5{\sim}10^3$/어체중(魚體重) 1~2%의 사료(飼料)(g) 이상(以上)에서, 침지감염(沈漬感染)의 경우 포자수(胞子數) $1{\times}10^210/m{\ell}$이상(以上)에서 감염(感染)시킨 개체(個體)는 100% 감염(感染)되었다. 2. 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 실험결과(實驗結果), 포자감염후(胞子感染後) 21일경(日頃)부터 근육(筋肉)속에서 cyst를 관찰(觀察)할 수 있었다. 근육조직내(筋肉組織內)에서 포자(胞子)가 근육(筋肉)을 융해(融解)시켜 cyst를 형성(形成)하고 cyst는 성숙(成熟)하여 붕괴(崩壞)되었고, cyst내(內)의 포자(胞子)는 분산(分散)되었다. 그리고, 건강(健康)한 근육조직(筋肉組織)에 침입(侵入)하여 조직(組織)을 붕괴(崩壞)하는 과정(課程)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 병어(病魚)는 서서(徐徐)히 죽게 되었다. 3. Pleistophora anguillarum 포자(胞子)를 실험적(實驗的)으로 감염(感染)시킨 뱀장어는 시간적(時間的)인 차이(差異)는 있으나 모두 폐사(斃死)되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : To investigate the effects of the lavender, lemon and eucalyptus oil mixture on the atopy dermatitis skin lesions induced on NC/Nga Mice by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Material and Method : For this purpose, we fabricated the oil mixture blending three essential oils (lavender, lemon, eucalyptus : ELL) with one carrier oil (jojoba) and apply it on the atopic dermatitis skin lesions of NC/Nga Mice. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice was induced by DNCB treatment on the dorsal skin of mice for 8 weeks. The mixture of ratio of each essential oil drop was 1 (eucalyptus) : 2 (lemon) : 2 (lavender) and this mixture was blended with jojoba oil 50ml (0.025%). The ELL-ointment was supplied for 8 weeks. We evaluated the effects of ELL on cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast, clinical skin features and severity, the level of serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E & Ig G1, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and Interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$. Results : ELL showed safety on the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast compared with control group. The cell viability was measured by SRB method. The effects of ELL on clinical skin features and severity in DNCB-induced dermatitis model of NC/Nga mice was significant compared with control group. EEL also showed significant effects on clinical symptom score compared with control group. Serum IgE & IgG1 level and development of atopy dermatitis skin lesions were evaluated. Serum IgE & IgG1 production was significantly down-regulated in EEL group compared with control group. ELL also down-regulated the levels of IL-4 and IL-13, and up-regulated the level of IFN-$\gamma$ compared with control group significantly. Conclusion : ELL was effective on atopy dermatitis by modulating Th2 related factors.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.743-756
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is a descriptive and comparative study that compares health state and school adaptation between children in divorced family and in normal family. Study results will provide a basic data for the development of an intervention program designed to help children in divorced family adjust to their crisis. Method: The study subjects consisted of 700 children in 4th. 5th or 6th elementary school grade, residing Seoul and Kyunggi regions. Among these subjects, 123 were children with divorced family and 577 were children with normal family. The health status of the subjects was measured by Health Symptom Questionnaire developed by Shin and revised by the investigators. The instrument consisted of 30 items measuring physical and emotional health symptoms. The level of school adaptation of the subjects was measured by School Adaptation Scale developed by Lee, which consisted of 4 dimensions with 20 items what measures relationship with peer students, learning activity, observance of regulation, and participation of school activity. The investigators visited the schools and collected data in the classes using the questionnaire after explaining the purpose and procedures of the study to the children. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $\yen\"{o}2$-test, t-test, ANOVA using the SPSS PC + statistical program. Result: First, the mean health state score in children with normal family (M=11.99) was higher than that in children with divorced family (M=19.15), showing a significant difference (t=-6.51, p=.000) between the two groups, which suggests that children with normal family have better health state than children with divorced family. Second, the mean school adaptation score in children with normal family (M=38.99) was higher than that in children with divorced family (M=26.97), showing a significant difference between the two groups (t=104.07, p=.000), which suggests that the school adaptation of children with normal family is better than that of children with divorced family. Third, in comparison of health state between the two groups by general characteristics. there were significant differences between the two groups in sex. the most contributing factor to health status of the children, school year. birth order, religion, school achievement, amount of monthly pocket money, parents level of formal education, occupation of parents, economic status (p<.05). Forth, in comparison of the level of school adaptation between the two groups by general characteristics, there were significant differences between the two groups in most variables (p<.05), suggesting that children with normal family had better capacity of school adaptation than children with divorced family. Conclusion: As a result. this study showed that the parent's divorce had great influence on children's health status and school adaptation capacity. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for the high-risk children who have decreased health states and school adaptation capacity due to the divorce of their parents. In addition, it is recommended that further studies should be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health and adaptation problems in children.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.138-157
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• 1996

Recently, there has been increase perception of health promotion with development of the economic state and science. Individual's responsibility and psychosocial factors have impacted on the individual's lifestyle. Health promotion can be maintained or improved through changes of lifestyle of individuals. Also, there has been supported results of health behavior health has been focused on menopausal symptom and reproductive organ. Until recently, little research has been available on the health or health care of midlife women. The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness, gender role characteristics. A total of 254 items of data were obtained from randomly selected subjects. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using SPSS, yielding frequency, mean. t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Stepwise multiple regression. The result of this study are as follows : 1) For the health promoting lifestyle, the mean score was 116.3, the highest score was nutrition(3.30) and interpersonal support(2.86), the lowest score was exercise(1.68). The highest subscale for the hardiness was committment(2.44). Also for the gender role characteristics was higher than median score(37.8). 2) There was a statistically difference the demographic variables. A total health promotion lifestyle was predicted by income and marriage satisfaction, hardiness was predicted by education, income, marriage satisfaction, support person and gender role characteristics was predicted by education. 3) With regard to the relationship among health promoting lifestyle, hardiness, gender role characteristics, the correlation coefficient between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness was r=-.48, p<.001. Also there were significant correlation between health promoting lifestyle and gender role characteristics(r=.22, p<.01), hardiness and gender role characteristics(r=-.39, p<.001). 4) A stepwise multiple regression analysis was done on the total health promoting lifestyle score using the demographic variables, hardiness subscale and gender role characteristics for independent variables. A total of 25% of the variance was explained inthe total health promoting lifestyle by the control, challenge and marriage satisfaction. In conclusion, hardiness and gender role characteristics were engaged in health promoting activity in midlife women. This study also provides new information about the health practices that midlife women report they practice. Therefore, nursing intervention to increase women's health have to be planed program that consider on the basis the results of this study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2010

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a health concern in Korea despite major progress in the development of new strategies for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. In particular, the diagnosis of newly developed pulmonary tuberculosis is on the rise in elderly persons. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiographic characteristics, and treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. Methods: The medical records of 113 young (<65 years old) and 112 elderly (${\geq}65$ years old) pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed at Chungnam National University hospital between January 2007 and December 2008 were reviewed. Results: There was no difference in the prevalence of typical symptoms between the younger and the elderly group. Dypsnea was the only symptom that occurred more frequently in the elderly group (16.8% vs 5.5%, p=0.008). On radiological study, pneumonic infiltration type was more common in the elderly group (28.6% vs 16.8%, p=0.035). Sputum Acid fast bacilli smear positivity rate was similar between the 2 groups. Elderly patients with anti-tuberculosis medication had more frequent adverse drug reactions; however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the number of patients required to stop medication due to an adverse drug reaction. There were more patients lost to follow-up in the elderly group (22/112, 19.6% vs 11/113, 9.7%, p=0.036). Conclusion: The majority of elderly patients did not complete the treatment, resulting in a poorer outcome. Therefore, we need to make an effort to support the continued screening of elderly patients by making this economically feasible.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.415-419
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• 1999

팽이버섯 톱밥 병재배시 자실체에 발생하는 Cladobotryum varium 병원균을 재배농가에서 수집하여 관찰하였다. Cladobotryum varium 병원균은 주로 팽이버섯 재배사내에서 어린 버섯 발생 후에 버섯을 기주로 감염되는 병원균으로 초기에는 칠 균사가 부분적으로 발생되면서 자실체 전체를 피복시키고 또한 분생포자에 의해 계속 감염되는 현상으로 어린 버섯 발생시에 63%의 높은 발병율을 보였다. 이들 병정으로부터 균을 분리하여 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과 균사생육은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 17.8 mm/일로 빨랐으며, 균사의 색택은 흰색이었다. 그리고 대치 배양시 팽이버섯 균은 생육이 정지되면서 병원균이 전체적으로 피복되었다. 병원균에 대한 형태적 특징은 균사의 폭이 $3.0{\sim}4.0\;{\mu}m$로 $2{\sim}4$개의 분생자경을 형성하며 크기는 $8.5{\sim}10.0{\times}16.1{\sim}17.0\;{\mu}m$로 직립형이다. 분생포자는 사슬처럼 연쇄상으로 형성되고 1개의 격벽이 있으며 크기는 $32.8{\sim}50.4\;{\mu}m$로 타원형 또는 난형이었다. 후벽포자는 $1{\sim}4$개의 격벽이 있으며 크기는 $12.7{\sim}18.0{\times}17.7{\sim}48.1\;{\mu}m$로 팽이버섯에 발생하는 흰곰팡이병의 불완전세대를 Cladobotryum varium으로 동정하였다.