• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to develop objective methods for evaluating facial palsy sequelae using a 3D Facial Scanning System. Methods : Fifty-eight patients with facial palsy sequelae were selected. Their medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data, facial palsy sequelae evaluation, Facial Disability Index questionnaire, and test results (3D Facial Scanning System). Five different facial expressions (at rest, eye closure, eyebrow elevation, smiling, and whistling) were photographed. Sunnybrook Scale was associated with distances between predetermined facial points. Results : The average Sunnybrook composite score was $58.88{\pm}17.31$. Secondary movements (mouth to eye synkinesis, contracture of eye, and contracture of mouth) showed significant difference according to the Sunnybrook Scale. In voluntary movements, eyebrow height at eyebrow elevation, length between mouth angle and central line while whistling, and eyelid width at maximum eye opening showed significant difference. Facial palsy Sequelae Index (FSI) was correlated with Sunnybrook sub-scales (resting symmetry, voluntary movement, and synkinesis). Conclusion : These results demonstrate that a 3D Facial Scanning System is useful for evaluating facial palsy sequelae. This method may facilitate objective evaluation for facial palsy sequelae and it could be applied in clinical trials.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.294-302
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics, antioxidant activities and sensory properties of sponge cake with cabbage powder (CP). Physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cake with different amount (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of CP were examined. As the increase in the amount of CP addition, the specific gravity and baking loss rate were increased, whereas the color of the cake crumb and crust, volume index and specific volume were decreased (p<0.05). The symmetry and uniformity index of the sponge cake were not affected by the addition of CP (5-15%) (p<0.05). The hardness was significantly increased while by CP addition cohesiveness was decreased (p<0.05). The springiness, gumminess and brittleness were not changed by CP addition (p<0.05). The total polyphenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activities and reducing power were significantly increased by addition of CP at high concentrations (p<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, addition of CP significantly degraded the panel preference related to the color, flavor and texture of the sponge cake. However, the highest point were given to sponge cakes containg 5-10% of CP in taste and overall acceptance (p<0.05). These data suggested that adding 5% of CP is the optimal concentration overall for making sponge cake. However, the sponge cake with 10% of CP is recommended in order to maximize antioxidant activity, the sponge cake was the best when contained 5% CP and the sponge cake prepared with the addition of 10% CP was recommended to use due to its advantages in functional property.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Because facial asymmetry is caused by various causes, the cause analysis is important and quantitative index is needed to the evaluation. In this study, we applied the Nottingham Grading System that was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the facial paralysis by tracking the markers through the image processing and calculating the distance between the markers with images obtained by using the webcam, to evaluate facial asymmetry. The existing Nottingham Grading System has a problem of causing a measurement error in the specific case because the left and right are compared by summing the distance change between the feature points of the face part according to the change of the facial expression. We compared the case of the facial asymmetry and case of normal subject by using the existing Nottingham Grading System and the improved Nottingham grading system. In the existing Nottingham Grading System, case of facial asymmetry and case of facial symmetry were 99.0% and 95.0% respectively in the normal range, but the improved Nottingham Grading System showed facial asymmetry case was 74.0% and facial symmetrical case was 93.2%. The results of experiment show that the improved Nottingham Grading System allows detailed evaluation of each site and improved the problem of the Nottingham Grading System for specific cases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

The effect of baking on the physicochemical and sensory properties was investigated using a model system of sponge cakes incorporated with pine leaf powder (PLP) as a value-added food ingredient. PLP was incorporated into cake batter at 5 levels (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%, w/w) by adding an equivalent amount based on the weight of wheat flour. After appropriate mixing, sponge cakes were baked at $170^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in an oven. The baked cakes were cooled to room temperature for 1 h prior to all measurements. The pH, moisture content, specific volume, height, volume index, and symmetry index decreased significantly with the increase in PLP content (p<0.05). On the contrary, specific gravity of the batter and baking loss increased (p<0.05). The lightness of the cakes decreased, whereas redness increased significantly with the higher amount of PLP in the formulation (p<0.05). Hardness also increased significantly (p<0.05). Both total polyphenol content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity increased significantly by the addition of PLP (p<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of PLP up to 4% did not cause a significant unfavorable effect on the consumer acceptances in all attributes. The sponge cakes with 2-4% PLP would be recommended with respect to the overall acceptance score while taking advantage of the functional properties of PLP without sacrificing the consumer acceptability.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2011

The baking performance of Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder as a value-added food ingredient was investigated in a model system of sponge cakes. Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder was incorporated into cake batter at 5 levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%, w/w) by adding equivalent amount based on total weight of wheat flour. The specific volume, height, moisture content, volume index, and symmetry index of sponge cakes decreased significantly with the increase in Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder content (p < 0.05). Sponge cakes became darker and firmer with increase in Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder content (p < 0.05), as indicated by decrease in the $L^*$ and increase in the firmness measured by the texture measuring instrument. Total polyphenol content also increased gradually as the Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder content increased. Finally, the consumer acceptance test indicated that addition of Cudrania tricuspidata leaf powder up to 10% in the formulation of sponge cakes did not significantly influence the consumers' acceptability with respect to taste and flavor. In addition, the overall acceptability was not different from each other for control and 5% sample (p > 0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 1999

Purpose: We investigated the difference of glucose metabolism of medial and lateral temporal lobes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) utilizing quantitative comparison of regional metabolic activities using asymmetric index. Materials and Methods: We studied 19 pathologically proven mesial TLE and 25 lateral TLE patients. Lateral TLE patients were either normal on magnetic resonance imaging (cryptogenic: n=14) or had structural lesions (lesional: n= 11). Asymmetric index (ASI) was calculated as [(ipsilateral-contralateral)/(ipsilateral+contralateral)]${\times}200$. Results: ASI of medial and lateral lobes of mesial TLE was decreased ($-16.4{\pm}8.3$ and $-12.1{\pm}5.5$, respectively). In cryptogenic lateral TLE, ASI of lateral temporal lobe was decreased ($-11.8{\pm}4.7$), whereas that of medial temporal lobe was not decreased ($-4.6{\pm}6.3$). ASI of medial lobe of lesional lateral TLE was $-7.3{\pm}9.1$, which was significantly different from that of mesial TLE (p<0.05). Patients with lesional lateral TLE had evident metabolic defects or decrease (ASI: $-22{\pm}10.5$) in lateral temporal lobe. While we could not find the difference of metabolic activity in lateral temporal lobes between cryptogenic lateral TLE and mesial TLE patients, the difference of metabolic activity was significant in medial temporal lobes which was revealed by ASI quantitation. Conclusion: Asymmetric decrease of metabolic activity in both medial and lateral temporal lobes indicates medial temporal epilepsy. Symmetry of metabolic activity in medial temporal lobe combined with asymmetry of that in lateral temporal lobe may give hints that the epileptogenic zone is lateral.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

This study was performed to examine the quality characteristics of the sponge cakes with different contents (2-10% (w/w)) of lemon grass powder (LGP). An increase in LGP content in the cake led to a significant increase in the specific gravity of batter, baking loss rate, redness, hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the cakes and a significant decrease in pH, moisture content, specific volume, height, volume and symmetry index, lightness, and yellowness of the cakes. Springness and resilience did not show any difference between the cakes. The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of LGP up to 2% did not cause a significant negative effect on the consumer acceptances in all attributes. The sponge cakes with 2% LGP can be recommended for manufacturing bakery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4685-4690
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between cosmetic outcome (CO), body image, and quality of life in post breast-conserving therapy (BCT) women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study concerned one-year post-completed BCT Thai women. The data included subjective and objective CO with a questionnaire covering demographic and clinical data, anti-hormonal treatment status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Self-Reported Cosmetic Outcomes (SRCO), Self-Reported Breast Symmetry (SRBS), Body Image Scale (BIS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy with Breast Cancer subscale (FACT-B). Participants had breast photographs taken for the evaluation of objective cosmetic outcome (OCO) after breast cancer conservation treatment. The relationship between CO and FACT-B was tested using Spearman's rank correlation Results: A total 127 participants volunteered for the study. The participant characteristics were age 52(${\pm}9$), Buddhist 87%, married 65%, body mass index 25.0(${\pm}4.6$), breast cup size A-C 91%, college educated 60%, employed 66%, ECOG 0-1 95%, tumor size less than or equal to 2 cm 55%, no lymph node metastasis 98%, and taking tamoxifen 57%. Two percent of the participants regretted their decision to undergo BCT. The SRCO was excellent in 2%, good in 68%, fair in 30%, and poor in 0%. For SRBS, rates were 17%, 58%, 24% and 1% for excellent, good, fair and poor cosmetic outcomes, respectively. The BCCT scores were excellent 24%, good 39%, fair 32%, and poor 6%. The median total QOL score of the participants was 130 (93-144). There was no significant correlation between CO and FACT-B scores. Conclusions: The significance of CO for FACT-B in Thai women with breast cancer could not be assessed in detail because of a very low level of correlation. The results may be due to the effects of cultural background.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.195-207
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• 2006

The recently published and new results on design and fabrication of magnetophotonic crystals of different dimensionality are surveyed. Coupling of polarized light to 3D photonic crystals based on synthetic opals was studied in the case of low dielectric contrast. Transmissivity of opals was demonstrated to strongly depend on the propagation direction of light and its polarization. It was shown that in a vicinity of the frequency of a single Bragg resonance in a 3D photonic crystal the incident linearly polarized light excites inside the crystal the TE- and TM-eigen modes which passing through the crystal is influenced by Brags diffraction of electromagnetic field from different (hkl) sets of crystallographic planes. We also measured the faraday effect of opals immersed in a magneto-optically active liquid. It was shown that the behavior of the faraday rotation spectrum of the system of the opal sample and magneto-optically active liquid directly interrelates with transmittance anisotropy of the opal sample. The photonic band structure, transmittance and Faraday rotation of the light in three-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals of simple cubic and face centered cubic lattices formed from magneto-optically active spheres where studied by the layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. We found that a photonic band structure is most significantly altered by the magneto-optical activity of spheres for the high-symmetry directions where the degeneracies between TE and TM polarized modes for the corresponding non-magnetic photonic crystals exist. The significant enhancement of the Faraday rotation appears for these directions in the proximity of the band edges, because of the slowing down of the light. New approaches for one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals fabrication optimized for the magneto-optical Faraday effect enhancement are proposed and realized. One-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals utilizing the second and the third photonic band gaps optimized for the Faraday effect enhancement have been successfully fabricated. Additionally, magnetophotonic crystals consist of a stack of ferrimagnetic Bi-substituted yttrium-iron garnet layers alternated with dielectric silicon oxide layers of the same optical thickness. High refractive index difference provides the strong spatial localization of the electromagnetic field with the wavelength corresponding to the long-wavelength edge of the photonic band gap.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2005

$Ag_4Br_4$ nanoclusters have been synthesized in about 75% of the sodalite cavities of fully $K^+$-exchanged zeolite A (LTA). An additional KBr molecule is retained in each large cavity as part of a near square-planar $K_4Br^{3+}$ cation. A single crystal of $Ag_{12}$-A, prepared by the dynamic ion-exchange of $Na_{12}$-A with aqueous 0.05 M $AgNO_3$ and washed with $CH_3OH$, was placed in a stream of flowing 0.05 M KBr in $CH_3OH$ for two days. The crystal structure of the product ($K_9(K_4Br)Si_{12}Al_{12}O_{48}{\cdot}0.75Ag_4Br_4$, a = 12.186(1) $\AA$) was determined at 294 K by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the space group Pm m. It was refined with all measured reflections to the final error index $R_1$ = 0.080 for the 99 reflections for which $F_o\;{\gt}\;4_{\sigma}\;(F_o)$. The thirteen $K^+$ ions per unit cell are found at three crystallographically distinct positions: eight $K^+$ ions in the large cavity fill the six-ring site, three $K^+$ ions fill the eight-rings, and two $K^+$ ions are opposite four-rings in the large cavity. One bromide ion per unit cell lies opposite a four-ring in the large cavity, held there by two eight-ring and two six-ring $K^+$ ions ($K_4Br^{3+}$). Three $Ag^+$ and three $Br^-$ions per unit cell are found on 3-fold axes in the sodalite unit, indicating the formation of nano-sized $Ag_4Br_4$ clusters (interpenetrating tetrahedra; symmetry $T_d$; diameter ca. 7.9 $\AA$) in 75% of the sodalite units. Each cluster (Ag-Br = 2.93(3) $\AA$) is held in place by the coordination of its four $Ag^+$ ions to the zeolite framework (each $Ag^+$ cation is 2.52(3) $\AA$ from three six-ring oxygens) and by the coordination of its four $Br^-$ ions to $K^+$ ions through six-rings (Br-K = 3.00(4) $\AA$).