• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Vermicomposting에 의한 돈 분의 처리를 위하여 음식물 쓰레기와의 혼합비율을 달리 했을 때, 지렁이의 생육, 분립생산량, 분립의 화학적 조성 및 지렁이 체 조직으로 전환율과 전환효율 및 분립의 화학적 조성을 조사하여, 돈 분과 음식물 쓰레기의 정적 혼합비율을 추정 하였다. 돈 분 40% 이하의 혼합비율(음식물쓰레기 60-100%)에서는 지렁이의 생존율이 인정되지 않았지만, 돈 분 60-100% 혼합비율의 생존율은 72.7-100%의 범위를 나타내어 매우 높았다. 분립생산량과 분립비율은 돈 분 100% 수준이 80% 수준보다 유의하게 높았지만, 60% 수준과는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 지렁이 분립의 유효인산과 양이온 치환용량과 치환성 칼륨과 마그네슘은 모든 혼합비율에서 높았다. 지렁이에 의한 유기물의 무기화 율은 돈 분 100%와 80%의 수준에서 유의하게 높았고, 전환효율(CE)은 돈 분 60% 혼합비율에서 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, vermicomposting에 의한 돈 분의 처리를 위해서는 음식물쓰레기와의 혼합비율을 40% 이하(돈 분 60% 이상)로 혼합하는 것이 유리하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.607-628
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• 1999

The swine waste industry is growing rapidly along with the world human population. The trend is toward more concentrated piggeries with numbers of herds in the thousands. Associated with these increased herds are large quantities of wastes, including organic matter, inorganic nutrients, and gaseous emissions. The trend in swine waste management is toward treatment of these wastes to minimize negative impact on the health and comfort of workers and animals and the atmosphere, water, and soil environments. Treatment of these wastes has traditionally involved land application, lagoons, oxidation ditches, and conventional batch and continuously stirred reactor designs. More sophisticated treatment systems are being implemented, involving advanced anaerobic digester designs, integrated with solids separation, aerobic polishing of digester effluents, and biological nutrient removal. This review discusses the present and future role of anaerobic processes in piggery waste treatment with emphasis on reactor design, operating and performance parameters, and effluent processing.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.519-524
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• 1996

The kinetics of growing microalga, Spirulina platensis was investigated to treat swine wastes with optimum growth conditions. Temperature was varied from 15 to 40$\circ$C at three different light intensities, 6 W/m$^{2}$, 12 W/m$^{2}$ and 24 W/m$^{2}$. The specific growth rate was increased as temperature increased up to 30$\circ$C. The activation energy was estimated as 13.5 kcal/mol by an Arrhenius relationship. 0.24 (1/day) of specific growth rate was obtained from batch cultivation with 30% swine wastes, compared to 0.31 (1/day) from clean culture. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70-93% of PO$_{4}$$^{3-}$ -P, 67-93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80-90% of COD and 37-56% organic nitrogen by adding various concentrations of swine wastes for 12 days of batch cultivation. Rate constants for removing nitrates and phosphates in treating swine wastes were estimated as 0.17 (1/day) and 0.14 (1/day) in the first order reaction, respectively. 1.52 (g/L) of maximum cell density was maintained at 0.20 (1/day) of dilution rate in continuous culture, adding 20% swine wastes for 30 days. The chemical composition of the biomass obtained from the process showed 58.7% of protein, 11.0% of lipid and 15.6% of ash.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate chemical parameters on butchery wastes as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments included T1 : Swine manure + Rice hull, T2 ; Swine manure + Rice hull + Vermiculite, T3 ; Swine manure + Rice hull + Perlite, T4, Swine manure + Vermiculite, T5 : Swine manure + Vermiculite + Perlite, T6 ; Swine manure + Perlite, T7 ; Swine manure + lice hull + Vermiculite + Perlite. During the composting period, changes of temperature and pH were showed traditionally composting trend. Moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen and C/N ratio were higher rice hull than vermiculite and perlite treatments. Ammonia-N and EC were not differences among the treatments. In heave metal, Cd and Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatments than other treatments. Rice hull treatments were decreased volatile fatty acids compared to that of other treatments. In conclusion, rite hull containing high organic content was greater composting effects than vermiculite and perlite containing low organic content.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the development of the solid fuel with investigating the characteristics of mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal and supply it as an energy resource to agricultural farms for heating of agricultural facilities. It was investigated for the characteristics of animal wastes (swine waste, swine waste with sawdust, cattle waste), wasted coal, the mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal with or without mixing seawater. The characteristics of solid fuel according to the mixture ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal were analyzed. The effects of seawater affecting on calorific value and thermal pyrolysis of solid fuels were investigated. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The calorific value was improved with mixing seawater into wasted coal due to chemical reaction. 2) The diverse solid fuels of various calorific values can be made with adjusting the ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal. 3) Animal wastes and wasted coal had each different reaction temperature of thermal pyrolysis and the decreasing rate of weight. 4) The mixture of animal wastes and wasted coal would be ignited easily. Therefore, the solid fuel could be ignited more conveniently when seawater is mixed with it.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1464-1472
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• 2014

The microbial community structures of two continuous stirred tank reactors digesting turkey manure with pine wood shavings as well as chicken and swine manure were investigated. The reactor fed with chicken/swine wastes displayed the highest organic acids concentration (up to 15.2 g/l) and ammonia concentration (up to 3.7 g/l ammonium nitrogen) and generated a higher biogas yield (up to $366ml/g_{VS}$) compared with the reactor supplied with turkey wastes (1.5-1.8 g/l of organic acids and 1.6-1.7 g/l of ammonium levels; biogas yield was up to $195ml/g_{VS}$). The microbial community diversity was assessed using both sequencing and profiling terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes. Additionally, methanogens were analyzed using methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) genes. The bacterial community was dominated by members of unclassified Clostridiales with the prevalence of specific clostridial phylotypes in each reactor, indicating the effect of the substrate type on the community structure. Of the methanogenic archaea, methanogens of the genus Methanosarcina were found in high proportions in both reactors with specific methanosarcinas in each reactor, whereas the strict hydrogenotrophic methanogens of Methanoculleus sp. were found at significant levels only in the reactor fed with chicken/swine manure (based on the analyses of 16S rRNA gene). This suggests that among methanogenic archaea, Methanosarcina species which have different metabolic capabilities, including aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, were mainly involved in anaerobic digestion of turkey wastes.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2000

MS균을 이용한 음식폐기물의 효율적인 처리 방법의 모색과 양돈사료 자원화를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 처리방법에 따른 사료성상, 조성분, 광물질 및 유해 중금속을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. MS균을 처리하기전 수거된 음식폐기물은 그 배출원과 수집일에 따라 성상 및 조성분 성분이 다양하였으며, 음식폐기물 집하장에서 건조처리전 수거된 시료의 수분 함량은 계절적 요인에 크게 영향을 받았다. MS균에 의한 발효 공정을 거친 후 음식폐기물의 악취가 거의 소멸되었고, 사료로서의 좋은 성상을 보여주었다. 특히, 조지방 및 조단백질 함량이 높은 사료자원으로 평가되었다. MS균 처리 후 음식폐기물의 광물질 함량 분석결과 다량원소 (특히 칼슘)의 함량이 곡류나 농산부산물보다 높았다. 전반적으로 다른 식물성 및 동물성 단미사료원에 비해 균형있는 광물질 구성 및 함량을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. MS균 처리 전과 후 처리과정 중 음식폐기물내의 중금속 분석결과 수은, 비소, 불소 및 크롬은 미검출되었고 납과 카드뮴은 미량존재하나 배합사료내 허용범위에 훨씬 낮은 수준을 함유하고 있어 사료자원으로의 재활용함에 있어 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 음식폐기물의 성상 및 사료성분을 고려할 때, 적절한 처리 및 발효공정을 통해 양돈사료자원으로서 재활용될 수 있는 충분한 가치가 있음을 제시한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the COD removal efficiency and methane production in slurry-typed swine wastes using UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket)reactor. The USAB reactor was operated from 0.8 through 3.3days of HRT in a range of 3 to 15 kg $TCOD/m^3/day$ of volumetric organic loading rate. The removal rate of TCOD was increased with the increase of the HRT. The removal rate of TCOD at an HRT over 2days, became greater than 68% with the methane contents being from 70 to 80%. Methane production rates were increased from 0.27 to $0.36m^3\;CH_4/kg$ CODrem. as HRTs were increased from 0.8 to 3.3days.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.290-308
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• 1999

In this study a system for the treatment or recyling of organic wastes from both urban and rural area was recommended. It was developed based on the resource recovery system regarding human being by four tectnologies; forage, methane production, high-grade composting and complete decomposition. High quality compost can be produced by combining several kind of wastes produced from urban and agricultural areas. High quality compost must possess not only general characteristics of ordinary compost, but also a superior ability to improve the soil properties and must contain more nutrients for plant. Cedar chips were recommended as the main bulking agent to adjust moisture contents and air permeability. Charcoal and zeolite can be used not only as the second bulking agent but also as fertilizer for improve the soil amendment. Complete decomposition of organic wastes is defined by organic matter being completely converted to $CO_2$ and water. All the input water was evaporated by the heat produced through the oxidation of organic matter, In the present study, the complete treatments were successfully achieved for Shochu wastewater, swine wastes, thickened excess sewage sludge, wastes produced by Chinese restaurant and anaerobic digested sludge. First of all, recycling center of organic wastes should be established for the protect the environments and effective recovery of organic resources. This may means the way to derive the recovery of human value.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2000

토양미생물군인 Miraculous soil-Microorganisms (MS균) 제제를 음식폐기물에 처리 후 발효공정에 따른 아플라톡신의 잔존 유무 분석, 열량 아미노산 및 지방산 조성분석을 통해 양돈사료화를 위한 효율적 처리방법에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 음식폐기물의 MS균 발효 후 calorimeter를 이용한 열량측정 결과 건물 1g당 평균 7.599 Kcal D.M 정도의 높은 열량을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, MS균 첨가 후 각 발효공정의 모든 시료에서 아플라톡신은 검출되지 않았다. 음식폐기물내 총 아미노산의 함량은 쌀겨 (10%) 및 어분 (5%) 첨가 후 MS균에 의한 3주간 혐기발효 하였을 때 $92.99\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 저온 발효 후 보다 약 18.5%의 아미노산 함량이 증가되었다. MS균에 의한 최종 발효 후 필수아미노산 함량은 $34.43\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}\;D.M$ 이었으며, leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine 및 thereonine이 높은 구성비율을 보였다. 비필수아미노산 함량은 $58.66\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}\;D.M$이었고 proline과 glutamic acid의 함량이 상대적으로 높았다. 지방산 조성에 있어서는 palmitic acid, oleic acid 및 palmitoleic acid의 함량이 상대적으로 높았으며, 지방산 함량 역시 혐기숙성 발효에 의해 증가되었다. 이상의 결과들은 음식폐기물을 MS균에 의해 발효처리하였을때 양돈사료로서의 충분한 열량을 함유하고 있으며, 아플라톡신으로부터 안전함을 보여주며, MS균에 의한 혐기발효를 통해 음식폐기물내 단백질 및 지방의 가수분해를 촉진시킬 수 있음을 잘 보여주었다.