• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1999

The objectives of the study were to establish sperm separation method and duration of insemination for bovine IVF. Oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol. After 18 or 42 h of insemination, six to ten embryos were placed into a 30${mu}ell$ drop of each medium, and the embryos were examined 7~10d post in semination without medium renewal. First, we compared Percoll gradient will swim-up technique for sperm separation. There was no difference in cleavage rates between them, but the development rates over morula stage of oocytes fertilized with sperm separated by Percoll gradient was significantly higher than that sperm selected by swim-up technique (p<0.05). Second, we evaluated development of bovine embryos derived from the IVF procedure with different durations(18 vs 42 h) of fertilization. There was also no difference in cleavage rates, but the development to blastocyst stage of oocytes exposed in cleavage rates, but the development to blastocyst stage of oocytes exposed to sperm for 42 h was significantly higher than that exposed for 18 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, Percoll gradient can be used for sperm selecton, improving of embryonic development. Also, 42h of IVF may improve the development of bovine embryos.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 1993

1989년, 1990년 12월 강원도 양양군 남대천에서 채포한 연어로부터 수정난을 받아 양양내수면연구소와 한국해양연구소, 부화, 사육실에서 난 발생 과정 및 자치어의 형태를 관찰하였다. 수정난은 평균 난경이 7.2mm이며 주황색, 적색을 띤 분리 침성난이다. 부화까지의 적산 온도는$480{\sim}531^{\circ}C$였다. 부화직후의 자어는 전장이 1.80~2.56cm범위이며 커다란 난황을 갖고 바닥에 누워 있었다. 부화후 35일이 지난 평균 전장 3.56cm인 자어는 난황을 완전히 흡수하고 체측에 7~11개의 parr무늬가 나타나 치어(fry)기에 이른다. 부화후 3개월이 지나면 평균 전장이 $5.67{\pm}0.53cm$로 자라고 몸은 은색 광택을 띠면서 스몰트(smolt)가 된다. 연어의 초기 발육과정은 성장 체형의 변화로 미루어 1) 부상전의 자어기, 2) 부상기, 3) 스몰트기의 3단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 부상기에는 전장에 대한 주둥이, 몸통 길이, 체고의 비성장 속도가 빨랐다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the optimal conditions for in vitro embryo production using oocytes derived from follicles of slaughter-house ovaries. The ovaries of Hanwoo were obtained from a local slaughter-house. The oocytes were aspirated from visible follicles of 2~7mm in diameter. The recovered oocytes which were completely surrounded by at least 2 layers of cumulus cells and a homogeneous cytoplasmic pigmentation were used. The selected oocytes were washed 3 or 4 times with D-PBS containing 10% bovine calf serum (BCS) and matured in vitor (IVM) in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 10% BCS or 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml epidermal growth factor(EGF) at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air for 24 hours. They were fertilizqed in vitro (IVF) with fresh sperm separated by Percoll density gradient or swim-up in TALP media. The zygotes were cultrued with or without bovine oviductal epitherial cells(BOEC) in media(HECM-6 supplemented with 11 amino acid and / or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% BCS) for 7 to 10 days. The results obtained were as follow: The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocyst after maturation and IVF were not significantly different between Ham's F-10 with EGF(76.0% vs. 44.0%) and BCS(75.9% vs. 43.6%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate to blastocyst after fertilizing by swim-up or Percoll method were not signifciantly(P<0.05) different between swim-up (80.2% vs. 29.2%) and Percoll(81.9% vs. 26.5%) (P<0.05). The cleavage rate in TCM 199(80.5) was signficiantly higher than that in HECM-6 (72.0%) (P<0.05). However, developmental rate to blastocyst using TCM 199 following HECM-6 for 3 or 4 days (42.2%) was significantly higher than that in TCM-199 alone(26.7%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate of embryos produced in vitro by exchange timing for HECM-6 media were not significantly different between in day 3(78.6% vs. 45.5%) and day 4(75.0% vs. 43.2%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocysts according to co-culture system were not significantly different between with (74.2% vs. 41.4%) and without BOEC(73.95 vs. 43.5%) (P<0.05). The number of blastomere in blastocyst stage after co-culture with or without BOEC was not significantly different (106.7$\pm$5.1 and 96.6$\pm$4.0). In conclusion, the most transferable IVP embryos could be produced from Ham's F-10 medium for IVM, Percoll density gradient method for IVF sperm separation and in vitro culture in HECM-6 until day 3 or day 4, and then transferred into TCM-199 until day 9 within adequate embryo density in culture droplets after insemination.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

This paper describes the design concept of a bio-inspired legged underwater and estimating its performance by implementing simulations. Especially the leg structure of an underwater organism, diving beetles, is fully adopted to our designing to employ its efficiency for swimming. To make it possible for the robot to both walk and swim, the transformable kinematic model according to applications of the leg is proposed. To aid in the robot development and estimate swimming performance of the robot in advance, an underwater simulator has been constructed and an approximated model based on the developing robot was set up in the simulation. Furthermore, previous work that we have done, the swimming locomotion produced by a swimming patten generator based on the control parameters, is briefly mentioned in the paper and adopted to the simulation for extensive studies such as path planning and control techniques. Through the results, we established the strategy of leg joints which make the robot swim in the three dimensional space to reach effective controls.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2003

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate DNA fragmentation status in human spermatozoa according to specific tail swelling patterns determined via hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). Methods: Frozen semen samples from 21 healthy donors were thawed and prepared by the swim-up technique for use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The semen samples were treated for 5 minutes as part of the HOST procedure and then underwent the sperm chromatin dispersion test using a Halosperm kit. DNA fragmentation status (large halo, medium halo, small halo, no halo, or degraded) and the specific tail swelling pattern ("a"-"g") were assessed at the level of a single spermatozoon. A total of 42,000 spermatozoa were analyzed, and the percentage of spermatozoa without DNA fragmentation (as evidenced by a large or medium halo) was assessed according to the specific tail swelling patterns observed. Results: The HOST examinations showed that > 93% of spermatozoa across all types displayed no DNA fragmentation. The percentage of spermatozoa without DNA fragmentation was 100% in type "d", 98.67% in type "g", and 98.17% in type "f" spermatozoa. Conclusion: We found that the type "d" spermatozoa displayed no DNA fragmentation, but the other types of spermatozoa also displayed very low rates of DNA fragmentation. This result may be associated with the processing of the spermatozoa by density gradient centrifugation and the swim-up technique.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

본 연구는 Percoll,Swim-up 그리고 Glass-wool 여과법의 세가지 정자분리 방법에 대한 정자 회수율, 생존율과 첨체반응율, 그리고 체외수정 후 배양시간에 따른 전핵형성율,수정란의 발달율과 세포할구수에 대한 효과를 조사하고자 실시하였다. 도축된 암소로 부터 채취한 난자를 22시간 체외배양 후 성숙된 난자를 체회수정시켰다. 수정 후 배양시간에 따라 존핵율을 조사하였으며 48시간에 분할율,192시간에 배반포기 발달율 및 세포할구수를 각각 비교 조사하였다. 정자의 첨체반응과 생존율은 처리군간에 차이가 없으나 회수율에 있어서 percoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001).수정 후 배양시간별 전핵형성에 있어서도 percoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 빨리 진행됨을 볼 수 있다. 분할율에 있어서는 처리군간에 유의적 차이가 없으나.배반포기 발달율과 세포할구수에 있어서는 pecoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아 percoll 처리에 대한 정자분리 방법은 정자 회수율이 높고 수정시 전핵형성 시간이 단축되어, 그 결과로 배반포기 발달율과 수정란의 세포할구수에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1997

Follicular fluid influxed into the oviduct during ovulation may affect movement of sperm for fertilization Thus, in this study, the effect of follicular fluid, obtained from follicles of l0mm in diameter, on number and quality of sperm recovered by swim-up separation was investigated and sperm-movement stimulating components extracted from follicular fluid with methanol and isooctane were separated by gel filtration with Sepadex G-1O, G-25 and G-1OO gels, and were isolated by electrophoresis with SDS-PAGE mini gel. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Diluted follicular fluid stimulated sperm movement. 2. Sperm-movement stimulating factors were in methanol extract. 3. Sperm-movement stimulating effect of methanol extract appeared in fraction I among fractions recovered after gel filtration. And the fraction I contained proteins indicating 4 major bands as about 47, 43, 25 and 14 kilodaldons and 5 minor bands as about 67, 58, 23, 22 and 21 kilodaldons. 4. The fraction I recovered from G-100 gel showed significantly low percentage of motile sperm and had no protein indicating the band of 67 kilodaldons among the minor bands.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.616-621
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• 2016

This paper presents a new multifunctional active guidewire system for medical applications that uses a magnetic microrobot. The study demonstrated that the proposed microrobot system could swim and be controlled under Low-Reynolds-number (Re) environments in blood vessel models. The prototype of the robotic guidewire, which is driven within a three-axis Helmholtz coil system, consists of a guide-wire, spiral blade, drilling tip, and permanent magnet. The spiral-type microrobot showed stable active locomotion between 3 kA/m and 9.1 kA/m under driving frequency up to 70 Hz in a silicone oil (of viscosity 1000 cst). The microrobot produced a maximum moving velocity of $8.08{\times}10^{-3}m/s$ at 70 Hz and 9.1 kA/m. In particular, the robotic guidewire produced 3D locomotion with drilling in the three-axis Helmholtz coil system. We verified active locomotion, towing of guidewire, steering, and drilling of the proposed robotic guidewire system through experimental analyses.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze power and agility, which are factors that affect performance, by dividing adult fin swimmers into groups by male and female careers, and use them as basic data for improving performance during fin swimmer guidance and training. Research design, data, and methodology: Accordingly, 21 fin swimmers were selected and they were divided to four groups by gender and career to conduct experiments. Power and agility, which are factors related to performance of fin swimmers, were measured. Independent sample T-Test was conducted to verify differences between groups. Results: As a result of this study, there was no statistically significant difference in power and agility by the careers of male and female athletes. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as basic data for organizing training programs suitable for the gen-der of fin swimmers and basic data for the guidance and training of fin swimmers. In future follow-up studies, based on the results of this study, it is expected that follow-up studies should be con-ducted to improve detailed performance according to age, fin swimming events, and gender. Further implications were discussed.