• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1 perturbs biological characteristics of host fungi such as vegetative growth, sporulation, pigmentation, and reduction of the virulence (hypovirulence) of its fungal host. To characterize function(s) of FgSWI6 gene during FgV1 infection, targeted deletion, over-expression, and complementation mutants were generated and further infected successfully with FgV1. Deletion of FgSwi6 led to severe reduction of vegetative growth even aerial mycelia while over-expression did not affect any remarkable alteration of phenotype in virus-free isolates. Virus-infected (VI) FgSWI6 deletion isolate exhibited completely delayed vegetative growth. However, VI FgSWI6 over-expression mutant grew faster than any other VI isolates. To verify whether these different growth patterns in VI isolates, viral RNA quantification was carried out using qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, viral RNA accumulations in VI isolates were similar regardless of introduced mutations. These results provide evidence that FgSWI6 might play important role(s) in FgV1 induced phenotype alteration such as delayed vegetative growth.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 1976

In silk reeling process the carry-over cocoons must be submerged in the reeling baths filled with reeling water and left until reopening the operation. Under the detention the carry-over cocoons are apt to decay without any antiseptic treatment. Thus an useful antiseptic for the cocoons is urgently needed, and various antseptic agents have been tested for their applicability to the process. However, such an useful agent has not been developed yet. Formalin has been the only chemical used for antisepticizing carry-over cocoons, although it has many defects as the antiseptic for the cocoons. In these circumstances, recently we newly prepared an antiseptic useful for preventing the carryover cocoons from decaying. We named the new antiseptic preparation "Swi-Se-Yo." The Korean term "Swi-Se-Yo" literally means "please take a rest". Through a series of experiments with Swi-Se-Yo we obtained the following results: 1) Swi-Se-Yo, in 0.05% aqueous solution, exerted a good antiseptic effect on the boiled Cocoons submerged in the reeling baths and the effect lasted for 45 hours. The duration of the effect is about two times longer than that of Formalin. 2) The percentage of cocoon reel ability of the carry-over cocoons treated with Swi-Se-Yo was 6% higher than that of Formalin and was equal to that of flowing cold water. 3) The percentage of raw silk yield of the carry-over cocoons treated with Swi-Se-Yo was almost equal to that of Formalin and to that of flowing cold water. 4) The quality of raw silk of the carry-over cocoons treated with Swi-Se-Yo is the same as that of flowing cold water. Besides the above favourable results, Swi-Se-Yo has many advantages as an antiseptic. Chemically it is very stable. Its antimicrobial action is very strong and the spectrum is very broad. It can be available in water-soluble powder and in small bulk. And it is not harmful to human and domestic animals. Considering these profitable properties of Swi-Se-Yo, it will have a good reputation as a carry-over cocoon antiseptic. (The chemical composition and manufacturing method of Swi-Se-Yo will be published in the near future.)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.779-788
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• 2015

The SONAR waterfall image(SWI) is used typically to target detection in SONAR operation and is managed with additional data linked in the naval combat system. The SWI and additional data are very important to classify a kind of target. Although additional data of the SWI is essential and must be kept together with the SWI, it was stored separately in the current system. In this paper, we propose an improved information management method in the naval combat system, where additional data can be contained in the SWI together by using information hiding techniques. The experimental results show that the effectiveness of information hiding techniques in the naval combat system. It is demonstrated that the information hiding techniques can be applied to the SWI that can make the naval combat system to be robust and secure.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2002

Mouse T cells overexpressing the SRG3 protein displayed morphological changes; the cells were enlarged and their shapes were irregular compared to the normal parental cells. In addition, growth rate of the cells was dramatically reduced and their DNA contents were increased. The increased DNA contents were due to an increase in number of chromosomes in these cells. We have observed similar results in S. cerevisiae cells overex-pressing the yeast SWI3 protein. Yeast cells overexpressing SWI3 protein These results suggest that the SRG3/SWI3 protein plays an important role in cell growth and cell cycle progression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.249-256
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• 2010

To the detect of SPIO-labelled hMSC, in vitro study on various cell concentration and in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technique using T2, $T2^*$ and SWI are compared with pathology. Cell concentration was $1.56{\times}10^4$, $3.13{\times}10^4$, $6.25{\times}10^4$, $1.25{\times}10^5$, $2.5{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^5\;cells/m{\ell}$ and for control $5{\times}10^5\cells/m{\ell}$. MRI technique using T2, $T^2$ and SWI. Photothrombotic infarction was located 2.5mm from bregma right, posterior. Cell injected through the tail vein of rat for 8 rats. MRI performed pre injection and post injection of 1, 3, 7 and 14days and sacrifice for pathology. MRI analysed on quantitatively. In vitro result, SWI was highest CNR as compared with $T2^*WI$, T2WI and $2.5{\times}10^5\;cells/m{\ell}$ cell concentration. In vivo result among the T2WI, $T2^WI$, SWI, T2WI is highest CNR between normal and infarction. CNR in normal-SPIO and infarction-SPIO is high score in SWI. Therefore, T2WI is good distinguish between normal and infarction, SWI are well detect SPIO-labelled hMSC from normal and infarction. Nowaday, SWI are mostly used on hemorrhage, calcification etc. in clinically, but for the future, stem cell therapy is commonly application at all disease which is good observing tool for SPIO-labelled stem cells.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2016

Purpose: Susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on gradient echo image, which is caused by MR signal loss due to arterial thrombosis, has been reported in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. However, the reported sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of SVS have been variable. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a newly developed MR sequence. Recent studies have found that SWI may be useful in the field of cerebrovascular diseases, especially for detecting the presence of prominent veins, microbleeds and the SVS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic values of SWI for the detection of hyperacute MCA occlusion. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients (37 males, 32 females; 46-89 years old [mean, 69.1]) with acute stroke involving the MCA territory underwent MR imaging within 6 hours after the symptom onset. MR examination included T2, FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), DWI, SWI, PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging), contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced T1. Of these patients, 28 patients also underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within 2 hours after MR examination. Presence or absence of SVS on SWI was assessed without knowledge of clinical, DSA and other MR imaging findings. Results: On MRA or DSA, 34 patients (49.3%) showed MCA occlusion. Of these patients, SVS was detected in 30 (88.2%) on SWI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of SWI were 88.2%, 97.1%, 96.8%, 89.5% and 92.8%, respectively. Conclusion: SWI was sensitive, specific and accurate for the detection of hyperacute MCA occlusion.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2014

Purpose : To compare dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for the differentiation of tumor recurrence and delayed radiation therapy (RT)-related changes in patients treated with RT for primary brain tumors. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 24 patients treated with RT for various primary brain tumors, who showed newly appearing enhancing lesions more than one year after completion of RT on follow-up MRI. The enhancing-lesions were confirmed as recurrences (n=14) or RT-changes (n=10). We calculated the mean values of normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and proportion of dark signal intensity on SWI (proSWI) for the enhancing-lesions. All the values between the two groups were compared using t-test. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the best predictor of differential diagnosis. The cutoff value of the best predictor obtained from receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis. Results: The mean nCBV value was significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the RT-change group (P=.004), and the mean proSWI was significantly lower in the recurrence group (P<.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the mean ADC values between the two groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that proSWI was the only independent variable for the differentiation; the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 78.6% (11 of 14), 100% (10 of 10), and 87.5% (21 of 24), respectively. Conclusion: The proSWI was the most promising parameter for the differentiation of newly developed enhancing-lesions more than one year after RT completion in brain tumor patients.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2020

Background: Differentiation of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) schwannoma from meningioma is often a difficult process to identify. Purpose: To identify imaging features for distinguishing CPA schwannoma from meningioma and to investigate the usefulness of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in differentiating them. Materials and Methods: Between March 2010 and January 2015, this study pathologically confirmed 11 meningiomas and 20 schwannomas involving CPA with preoperative SWI were retrospectively reviewed. Generally, the following MRI features were evaluated: 1) maximal diameter on axial image, 2) angle between tumor border and adjacent petrous bone, 3) presence of intratumoral dark signal intensity on SWI, 4) tumor consistency, 5) blood-fluid level, 6) involvement of internal auditory canal (IAC), 7) dural tail, and 8) involvement of adjacent intracranial space. On CT, 1) presence of dilatation of IAC, 2) intratumoral calcification, and 3) adjacent hyperostosis were evaluated. All features were compared using Chi-squared tests and Fisher's exact tests. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify imaging features that differentiate both tumors. Results: The results noted that schwannomas more frequently demonstrated dark spots on SWI (P = 0.025), cystic consistency (P = 0.034), and globular angle (P = 0.008); schwannomas showed more dilatation of internal auditory meatus and lack of calcification (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). However, it was shown that dural tail was more common in meningiomas (P < 0.007). In general, dark spots on SWI and dural tail remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.037 and P = 0.012, respectively). In this case, the combination of two features showed a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 100% respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9. Conclusion: In conclusion, dark spots on SWI were found to be helpful in differentiating CPA schwannoma from meningioma. It is noted that combining dural tail with dark spots on SWI yielded strong diagnostic value in differentiating both tumors.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.6-10
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• 2008

In this study, the selective-wettability-inscription (SWI) technique for the wet-etchingless fabrication of surface microstructures applicable to wide-viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) on plastic substrates was demonstrated. On the basis of the selective wetting of the photopolymer, the bi-level microstructures were spontaneously formed to serve as spacers for maintaining uniform cell gap and protrusions for the generation of multi-domains. The LC cell that has bi-level microstructures shows good extinction in the field-off state and a wide-viewing property in the field-on state. The SWI technique would be useful for the fabrication of flexible displays on plastic substrates.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-293
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• 2005

BAF53 is an actin-related protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus, it constitutes an integral component of many chromatin-modifying complexes such as the SWI/SNF, TIP60, TRRAP, and TIP48/49 complexes. BAF53 is essential for growth, but its function remains elusive. BAF53 homologues from yeast to humans have a conserved N-terminal motif, MS_(G/A)(G/A)__(V/L)YGG, which is unique to these proteins. Previously we showed that over-expression of an N-terminal deletion mutant of BAF53 ($BAF53_-{\Delta}N$) reduced the viability of HEK293 and HeLa cells. When we replaced the serine 2 and tyrosine 6 of this N-terminal motif with alanine, over-expression of the alanine-replaced BAF53 strongly impaired the growth of HEK293 cells whereas replacement with aspartate/glutamate had no effect. The alanine-replaced BAF53 mutants also stimulated p53-dependent transcription, in which the SWI/SNF and TRRAP complexes are involved. Our results demonstrate that serine 2 and tyrosine 6 play important roles in BAF53 activity.