• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2016

The U-Zr or U-TRU-Zr cylindrical metallic fuel slug used in fast reactors is known to swell significantly and to grow during irradiation. In neutronics simulations of metallic-fueled fast reactors, it is assumed that the slug has swollen and contacted cladding, and the bonding sodium has been removed from the fuel region. In this research, a realistic burnup-dependent fuel-swelling simulation was performed using Monte Carlo code McCARD for a single-batch compact sodium-cooled breed-and-burn reactor by considering the fuel-swelling behavior reported from the irradiation test results in EBR-II. The impacts of the realistic burnup-dependent fuel swelling are identified in terms of the reactor neutronics performance, such as core lifetime, conversion ratio, axial power distribution, and local burnup distributions. It was found that axial fuel growth significantly deteriorated the neutron economy of a breed-and-burn reactor and consequently impaired its neutronics performance. The bonding sodium also impaired neutron economy, because it stayed longer in the blanket region until the fuel slug reached 2% burnup.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.458-471
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• 2020

Effect of pre-treatment and compression ratio on specific gravity (SG) and dimensional stability improvement of three lesser-used wood species from natural forest area of North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia had been investigated. Hot soaking at 80℃ for 3 hours within 2 and 5% of boron solution was applied as pre-treatment, while compression ratio applied was 20 and 40% from the initial thickness. Densification was conducted using hot pressing machine at 30 kg/㎠ of pressure and 160℃ of temperature for 15 minutes. Specific gravity was measured gravimetrically, while dimensional stability was evaluated through thickness swelling and water absorption as the indicator. Results show that SG of densified wood was influenced by wood species and compression ratio, but not by pre-treatment applied; while dimensional stability was influenced by wood species, compression ratio, and pre-treatment. Specific gravity and water absorption of densified wood was improved significantly. Specific gravity increased 28.86-63.03%, while water absorption decreased 12.80-15.89%. Thickness swelling of 20% densified wood was lower than that of 40% densified wood.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2010

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by freezingthawing method for the electro-responsive transdermal drug delivery. MWCNTs were used as the functional ingredient to improve both mechanical and electrical properties of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposite hydrogels. The morphology of nanocomposites revealed the uniform distribution of MWCNTs and the good interfacial contact. The compression moduli of hydrogel matrices increased greatly from 40 to 1500 kPa by forming MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites. The swelling ratio of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites decreased as the content of MWCNTs increased under no electric voltage applied. However, the swelling ratio of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites increased as the content of MWCNTs increased under electric voltage applied and the applied electric voltage increased. The drug was released in the electro-responsive manner through the skin due to the electro-sensitive swelling characteristics of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposite hydrogels.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2005

Mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by interpolymer complexation of chitosan with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and solvent evaporation method to increase gastric residence time. The chitosan-PAA complex formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and swelling study. The DSC thermogram of chitosan-PAA microspheres showed two exothermic peaks for the decomposition of chitosan and PAA. The swelling ratio of the chitosan-PAA microspheres was dependent on the pH of the medium. The swelling ratio was higher at pH 2.0 than at neutral pH. The results indicated that the microspheres were formed by electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl groups of PAA and the amine groups of chitosan. The effect of various process parameters on the formation and morphology of microspheres was investigated. The best microspheres were obtained when 1.5% of the high molecular weight chitosan and 0.3% of PAA were used as an internal phase. The optimum internal phase volume was 7%. The com oil was used as the external phase of emulsion, and span 80 was used as the surfactant. The prepared microspheres had spherical shape.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated for synthetic hydrotalcite in chloroprene rubber foam. Experiments were carried out to find the optimum content ratio by controlling the contents of MgO and Hydrotalcite. Swelling test in toluene immersion was made to measure the crosslinking density of CR foams, and the cure properties were investigated with flat die rheometer and Mooney viscosity. The difference of hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break were observed after immersing in 7% NaCl or 21% NaCl solutions for a day and four days. In addition, the volume change and water content remaining in CR foam were measured after immersing NaCl solution. As content of MgO increased, the value of the cure torque tended to increase, but it was almost constant above 2phr of MgO. However, the Mooney viscosity decreased with increasing MgO content. The crosslinking density, determined by the swelling ratio, showed that the CR compound without MgO showed a higher degree of swelling. When the content of hydrotalcite/MgO was 3:2, it was the lowest volume change of CR form. Also, As the content of hydrotalcite decreased, the difference of mechanical properties before and after immersion NaCl solution increased.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.410-416
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• 2007

무유화제중합으로 제조된 폴리(메틸 메타크릴레이트) (PMMA) 시드 고분자 미립자에 가교단량체인 HDDA (1,6-hexanediol diacrylate), triEGDMA [tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate] 또는 triEGDMA와 EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)의 혼합액을 흡수시키고, 이를 중합하여 단분산 가교고분자 미립자를 제조할 시 1) 흡수된 가교단량체와 시드 고분자 미립자의 중량비(흡수율) 변화, 2) 가교단량체의 변화, 3) 무전해 니켈도금 및 4) 무전해 (니켈/금)도금에 따른 단분산 가교고분자 미립자의 기계적 물성인 탄성복원율, 압축탄성률, 파괴강도 및 파괴변형률의 변화를 MCT(micro compression test)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 가교단량체의 흡수율 증가는 가교고분자 미립자의 파괴강도에만 큰 영향을 미쳤으나, 가교고분자 미립자의 무전해 도금은 도금분체의 탄성복원율 및 파괴강도는 감소시키나, 파괴변형률의 경우에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않으며, 압축탄성률의 경우는 $K_{10}$ 및 $K_{20}$는 크게 증가시키나, $K_{30}$ 이후에는 거의 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2020

메트포르민은 제2형 당뇨병의 1차 치료제로 사용되는 약물로 다른 당뇨병 치료제에 비해 투여 용량이 크고 용해도는 높으나 위장관 투과도가 낮은 특성을 갖고 있으며 주로 위장관 상부에서만 흡수되는 이유로 생체이용률이 40~60%로 낮은 편이다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 위체류 약물전달시스템을 적용하여 제제가 위에 머무르는 시간을 증가시키고 제제로부터 방출된 약물을 서서히 소장으로 이동시킨다면 생체이용률을 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 팽윤성 시스템은 다른 위체류 약물전달시스템에 비해 안정성이 높아 개발목표기술로 선정하였고, 팽윤성 기제로는 기존의 연구와 다르게 카라기난과 히프로멜로오스를 병용하여 차별성을 확보하였다. 카라기난과 히프로멜로오스 병용 시스템은 각각의 함량이 15/110 질량분율일 때 가장 높은 팽윤성과 적절한 서방성 용출패턴을 나타내었다. 또한 각각의 함량이 15 %와 14 %가 되도록 제조한 메트포르민 정제를 시판 정제와 비교 시 더 우수한 팽윤성이 나타남을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구 결과에 의해 메트포르민의 서방출을 위한 새로운 팽윤성 위체류 약물전달시스템이 개발되었으며 다양한 주성분에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되면 의약품, 화장품, 건강기능식품 등의 분야에서 효과적인 약물전달시스템으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2009

One-step seeded polymerization was used to prepare $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ of crosslinked monodisperse spheres with four crosslinking agents using $4.68{\mu}m$ poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) seed particles in aqueous-alcoholic media in the absence of the swelling process. The crosslinking agents used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA), allyl methacrylate(AMA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate(TMPTMA). The effects of the type and concentration of the crosslinking agents on the swelling, pore size, thermal property of the networks and morphology of the particles were studied. The chemical structures and concentrations of the crosslinking agents affected both the swelling ratio and the porosity of the networks. In addition, the chemistry of the reactive vinyl group and chain length of the crosslinking agents affected the stability of the monodisperse particles of the ultimate morphology.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2006

Coffee chaff for manufacturing of the 6 mm thick cement-bonded boards was obtained from a coffee processing industry at Omuo-Ekiti, in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Boards were produced with three levels of cement to coffee chaff ratio of 1.5:1, 2.5:1 and 3.5:1; and at three levels of mixing curing reagent of 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%. Three dimensional properties of thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA) and linear expansion (LE) were investigated after 48 hours immersion in water. The mean values obtained for TS, WA and LE ranged from 0.46% to 1.47%, from 11.52% to 24.00%, from 0.19% to 0.35%, respectively. The most dimensionally stable boards were produced at the highest mixing levels of curing reagent and cement to coffee chaff ratio of 3.0% and 3.5:1, respectively. The coffee chaff is suitable as raw material for the manufacture of cement-bonded composites and it would be able to stimulate and activate the use of other agro-byproducts for the manufacture of value-added panels.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.175-192
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• 1978

Chlorination of the polluted water may produce odoriferous and objectionable-tasting chlorophenols which are hazardous to health. These studies were undertaken to investigate the hazardous effects of chlorophenols to the rat. 1. The chlorophenols such as o-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol inhibited rat growth and caused increment of the ratio between liver weight and body weight. 2. The hemoglobin content, hamatocrit ratio and A/G of rat blood were decreased by chlorophenols administration. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in serum as well as in liver were increased provisonally and decreased after one or two weeks adminstration. 3. The liver mitochondrial respiration ($QO_{2}$) was inhibited by chlorophenols treatment in in-vivo and in-vitro test. 4. The liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was decreased by chlorophenols administration 5. Liver tissue was degenerated with congestion, atrophy, swelling, vacuolation, dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and denature of mitochondrial particle with swelling, and cristal destruction by chlorophenols adminstration. 6. After one and two weeks of adminstration of chlorophenols to rat, the aberrations of bone marrow chromosome and inhibition of its mitosis were observed respectively.