• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this is to agar powder addition to retard retragradation for making Backsulgi. Backsulgi is manufactured promptly by adding ingredients having agar powder and then observation of sensory and texture characteristics. Then Backsulgi determinded in storing at the temperatures of 20 and Celsius degrees for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The results from this study are as follow; 1. Moisture absorption of control show 34.4%, compared with, Backsulgi with agar powder added 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% show higher 37.03%, 39.28%, 41.72%, 43.5%, 44.70%, respectively. 2. In terms of chromaticity, lightness of control show $70.68{\pm}7.248{\sim}61.25{\pm}0.90$, the longer time is and much agar powder Backsulgi show lower and 15% agar powder added Backsulgi show $51.53{\pm}0.921{\sim}54.715$. Then redness(a) of control show $-0.70{\pm}0.14$, compared with 15% agar powder added Backsulgi show $-0.32{\pm}0.047$. 15% agar powder Backsulgi show $9.03{\pm}0.313$ higher in yellowness than control $5.47{\pm}0.40$. 3. Control and agar powder Backsulgi was shown pH 6.1~6.3, the longer time is, all Backsulgi was shown pH 5.5~5.9 and much agar powder Backsulgi was shown an weakly acidity. 4. Swelling and pore ratio of control was shown 85.36% and 118.32%, compared with, agar powder added Backsulgi was higher a rate of increase. 5. For a sensory evaluation, the longer time is, adding agar powder rice cake is more perfected at 20$^{\circ}C$ in times if smooth, inner moisture, chewiness, after selling, overall quality. 6. Determination of texture characteristics by a reometer shows that Backsulgi with agar powder added change more in hardness that controls, indicating that effect of retarding retrogadation is higher when storage time is longer. 7. The correlation of hardness, springness between sensory and instrumental evaluation showed significantly positive function.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 1990

A clinical study of selected patients with intraoral squamous cell carcinoma which were managed in the Department of Oral Oncology of Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 1982 to August 1989 was done. And following results were obtained. 1. Males were involved more than females by intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in a ratio of 4:1. and most of the cases occurred in the 7th and 6th decades (69%). 79% of total patients and 92.5% of males were. 2. The mean duration of symptomatic period was 5.9 months. 3. The common symptoms were swelling (63%), pain (40%), ulceration (33%), and trismus (23%) 4. In the histologic findings, well differentiation comprised 58.0%. 5. The primary sites were the upper alveolar mucosa (32%), the floor of the mouth (21%), the lower alveolar mucosa (19%), tongue (14%), retromolar trigone (8%), palate (7%) and buccal mucosa (3%). 6. According to TNM system, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV comprised 4%, 15%, 32%, and 49% respectively. 7. In the management of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma, surgeries were done in the 32 cases, 23 cases of which were managed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy concurrently. And radiation therapy alone was received in 35 cases. 8. Overall 3 and 5-year survival rates without regarding to stage were 27.6% and 21.4%. 9. 3-year survival rate of female patients was 47.2% and that of male patients was 22.6%. 10. 5-year survival rate was 53.9% for "early" cancer (stage I and II) and 15.6% for "advanced"cancer (stage III and IV). Survival rate of patients in the early stages of cancer appeared to be higher than that of patients with stage III and IV(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.172-178
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• 2007

Mica (muscovite) powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method (horizontal turning method). The hydrothermal conditions for the synthesis of mica were prepared by the ratio of $K_2O : Al(OH)_3 : SiO_2$ = 1 : 3 : 3 mol% as the starting materials with KOH (8 mol%) solution as the hydrothermal solvent and reaction temperature at $260^{\circ}C$ for 72hrs. The synthetic powder used for preparation of nano silver coated mica by vertical hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal conditions for the treated as nano silver coating were prepared by the synthetic powder as raw materials, triple distilled water ($0.5{\ell}$) solution as the hydrothermal solvent with nano silver sol (1,000 ppm) as the material of nano silver coating and reaction temperature at $160{\sim}260^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. After hydrothermal treatment, structural, judgment of nano silver coating and character of nano silver coated mica were examined by XRD, SEM, TEM-EDX and shake plask method.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.323-334
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• 2015

Objectives This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of craniofacial hyperhidrosis and palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis by nasal endoscopy and body composition test. Methods The study sample consisted of 20 and 22 patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis and palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis, respectively, who answered questionnaires and underwent nasal endoscopy and body composition test. The questionnaires estimated the quality of life by Dermatology Life Quality Index score (DLQI), and the degree of obesity was evaluated using body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). The state of nasal cavity was evaluated by color, humidity, and swelling of the mucous membranes, and runny nose. Results BMI, PBF, and WHR were higher in patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis than in patients with palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis. Rhinitis score was not significantly different between craniofacial hyperhidrosis and palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis. There was a positive correlation between rhinitis score and DLQI. Conclusions The degree of obesity was higher in patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis than in those with palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis. The state of nasal cavity was not significantly different between craniofacial hyperhidrosis and palmar/plantar hyperhidrosis, but was associated with quality of life of hyperhidrosis patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1989

This is a retrospective study on maxillofacial fractures. This study was based on a series of 442 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated at Dept, of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Chon Buk National University from Jan, 1984 to Sep. 1988. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The ratio of Male/Female was 4.8 : 1, and 3rd decade (43.9%) was the highest age group in incidence. 2. Monthly incidence was the highest in Oct,(10.6%). 3. The most frequent maxillofacial fracture site was mandible (70.0%), and zygoma & zygomatic arch (13.6%), maxilla(11.7%) and nasal bone (4.7%) were next in order of frequency. 4. Traffic accidents (47.5%), fight(24.8%) were the most common causes of maxillofacial fractures. 5. The most frequent chief complaint was painful swelling(40.7%). 6. In mandibular fractures, the most frequent fracture site was symphyseal area(28.9%) and simple fracture was the most frequent in type of fracture (71.2%). 7. In maxillary fractures, fracture with other facial bones (64.5%) was more frequent than fracture of maxilla only. The most common type of fracture was unilateral fractures(37.1%). 8. In fracture of zygoma complex, zygoma fracture was the most frequent fracture type(40.3%), zygoma and zygomatic arch fx, (30.6%), zygomatic arch fx, (29.1%) were next in order 9. Open reduction was major method of treatment in maxillofacial fractures : Mandible (77.5%), Maxilla (61.3%), Zygoma complex(43.1%). 10. Maxillofacial fractures were most frequently combined with head injury(39.3%), and lower extremities(17.0%), upper extremities(13.6%) were next in order.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Regenerated composite fibers are prepared from solution(styela clava tunics /poly vinyl alchol) using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)/water(87/13)(wt/wt) as a solvent by dry-wet spinning. The chemical cellulose (94%, ${\alpha}$-cellulose content) used for this study is extracted from styela clava tunics (SCT, Midduck), which are treated in chemical process and mechanical grinding. The structure and physical properties of regenerated composite fibers were investigated through IR-spetra, DSC, TGA and SEM. The optimal blend ratio of SCT/PVA for spinning solution was 70/30 and the total weight was 4% concentrations in NMMO/water solvent system. The fiber density, moisture contents and the degree of swelling were $1.5(g/cm^3)$ 10.2(%) and 365(%), respectively. The crystallinity index of composite fibers are decreased as the PVA contents increased. Thermal decomposition of composite fibers took place in two stages at around $250^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$. The best thermal stability was obtained with 30% PVA contents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.313-325
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• 1996

Experiments were undertaken to examine the ability of selenium to protect against alcohol and/or paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity and to examine the additive effect between alcohol and paraquat. Protective effect against hepatotoxic functions was measured in serum from alcohol(15% v/v), paraquat(200ppm), alcohol and paraquat, and combination of sodium selenite(4ppm) in drinking water-fed guinea pigs ad libitum for 4 weeks. A total of 68 healthy 7-weeks-old male animals were assigned at random to 8 treatment groups(9~13 animals/group). Body and liver weight losses, and high serum concentrations in aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT, in only paraquat group), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GTP), cholesterol(Cho), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total bilirubin(TB), direct bilirubin(DB), total protein(TP), albumin and globulin as well as low values in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and glucose were produced in a groups of alcohol or paraquat-fed. These values were not potentiated in a group given the combination of alcohol plus paraquat. Morphological changes in the liver were also observed in the alcohol or paraquat-fed group. Lipid droplet and cell swelling in the hepatocytes were observed in alcohol-fed guinea pig, especially Mallory's hyaline arounded hepatic vein. In the paraquat-fed guinea pig, lipid droplet, pyknosis and karyolysis were observed. When alcohol or paraquat was combined with selenium-fed, hyperplasia of Kupffer cell in liver were observed. However, the mean ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, Cho, BUN, TB, TP, albumin and globulin values were lower in groups given the combination of alcohol and/or paraquat plus selenium, compared with groups given alcohol and/or paraquat. Also, the ratio of liver weight to body weight and ALP values(exception of paraquat plus selenium group) were increased by selenium. These results suggest that an adequate selenium confers marked protection against alcohol and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2002

In order to develop the ion exchange membranes which would be used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), the polysulfone polymer was sulfonated using chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and trimethylchlorosilane(TMCS). It has been characterized in terms of ion conductivities, methanol crossover, swelling degree and ion exchange capacities for the heat untreated and treated membranes at $150^{\circ}C.$ Typically, the methanol permeability and ion conductivity at the mole ratio of 1.4 between polysulfone repeating unit and sulfonating agents showed $2.87{\times}10^{-7}\; cm^2/s$(without heat treatment), $1.52{\times}10^{-7}\; cm^2/s$(with heat treatment) and $1.10{\times}10^{-2}\; S/cm$(without heat treatment), $0.87{\times}10^{-2}\;$ S/cm(with heat treatment), respectively. After the mole ration of 1.4 both values indicated mild increase.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

Alginate is a natural ionic polymer including numerous anionic groups and can be actuated by the ionic group under the electric field. The crosslinked alginate films were fabricated with CaCl$_2$. The thermal, mechanical and electroresponse properties of the films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, tensile and bending tests. The initial degradation and tensile strength increased according to the degree of crosslinking. Also, the swelling ratio of the films increased with decreasing degree of crosslinking and increasing pH due to free volume and electrostatic repulsion. The films actuated by an electric stimulus exhibited gentle and flexible action like a pendulum. In the electric field, the electric stimuli such as the applied voltage, ionic strength and kind of electrolyte solution had an effect on the electroresponse of the films. Alginate films with 5 wt% crosslinking agent showed the highest bending angle and reversible bending behavior. When the ionic strength of NaCl and KCl electrolyte solution was 0.1 M, the films showed the highest electroresponse. The bending behavior of the films increased with the applied voltage.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

In this study, the sulfonated ion exchange fiber was synthesized by $Co^{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation-induced graft copolymerization. Degree of grafting (DG) increased with increasing the total dose and showed the highest value at 50 v/v% styrene monomer. And also, the degree of sulfonation (DS) increased with increasing the DG and reaction temperature. DS showed the maximum value at 20 min. Ion exchange capacity and swelling ratio of ion exchange fibers increased with increasing the DS and their maximum values were 4.76 meq/g and 23.5%, respectively. Ammonia adsorption increased as increasing the ammonia concentration and ion exchange capacity and remained constant over 10 cycles.