• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 1996

아스파탐(Aspartame, APM)의 단맛과 최소감미량에 미치는 온도와 pH 및 첨가물질의 영향을 조사하였다. 가당쥬스나 음료의 적당한 단맛으로 선정된 0.02% 아스파탐 용액에 온도($4^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ 및 $80^{\circ}C$)와 pH(3.0, 4.5, 6.0및 7.5)의 변화 및 소금(0.5, 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0%), quinine(0.001, 0.003 및 0.005%)을 첨가하였을 때 $20^{\circ}$와 pH 3.0-4.5에서 단맛의 강도가 증가하였고, 0.5% 소금 첨가구에서의 단맛은 다른 시료에 비하여 높게 평가되었으며 quinine은 첨가량이 증가할수록 현저하게 단맛을 감소시켰다. 또한 아스파탐의 최소감미량도 $20^{\circ}$와 산성범위의 pH(3-4.5), 소금 0/5% 첨가구에서 그 값이 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 식품에 아스파탐을 첨가하면 홍삼차의 경우 쓴맛의 감소와 인삼향의 증가가 있었고, 콩우유의 경우는 고소한 냄새의 증가 및 콩비린맛, 냄새 등 불쾌한 맛과 냄새를 다소 억제시킴이 밝혀졌으며, 오렌지, 사과, 딸기 등 과실 쥬스에 첨가하였을 경우 과실의 향미가 현저하게 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.754-762
• /
• 2013

본 실험에서는 바나나향 우유와 커피시스템에 저칼로리 감미료를 첨가할 때 설탕 대비 상대감미도를 측정하고자 하였다. 아울러 바나나향 우유와 커피시스템에서 유지방과 식물성크림이 각 시스템의 관능적 특성에 끼치는 영향을 함께 보고자 하였다. 감미료의 종류는 설탕과 더불어 대체감미료로 tagatose, xylose, erythritol, sucralose, 그리고 효소처리 stevia를 분석하였다. 바나나향 우유의 경우 설탕 5% 첨가 수준을 기준으로 이전 연구에서 도출된 수용액상의 상대감미도를 적용하여 각 대체 감미료의 농도를 이에 맞게 첨가하였으며 커피시스템의 경우 설탕 5.9% 농도 수준으로 적용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 각 감미료 별 적용된 설탕 대비 상대감미도는 다음과 같다: Tagatose 0.83배, xylose 0.63배, erythritol 0.60배, sucralose 556배, 그리고 stevia 64배이다. 각 감미료가 바나나향 우유시스템과 커피시스템에서 발현되는 단맛강도와 기타 관능적인 특성을 이해하기 위해 묘사분석 전문 패널 10명을 활용하여 묘사분석을 실시하였다. 실험결과 바나나향 우유시스템의 경우 stevia를 제외하고는 일반수용액상의 상대감미도와 동일하였으며 stevia는 상대감미도가 감소하였다. 식물성크림 첨가 커피도 동일한 경향을 보였으나 블랙커피의 경우 stevia 외에 xylose와 tagatose의 상대감미도 또한 감소하였다. 바나나향 첨가 우유시스템의 경우 설탕 첨가 시료와 감미질이 유사한 시료는 tagatose와 sucralose 첨가 시료였던 반면 커피시스템의 경우 tagatose와 erythitol첨가 시료인 것으로 나타났다. 지방함량에 따라 바나나향 우유와 커피시스템의 관능적 특성은 매우 달라지는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수용액상 도출된 감미도가 적용되는 식품시스템에 따라 새롭게 조정되어야 하며 설탕을 대체할 최적 감미료는 적용되는 식품시스템에 따라 달라진다는 것을 보여 주었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to find out the quality characteristics of Kamgyulpyon in which the kinds of starch and sweetener were varied. The quality characteristics of the samples were estimated in terms of sweetness, color difference, instrumental texture and sensory evaluation. The results from this study were as follows. $\circled1$ Sweetness of the samples prepared with oligosaccharide was lower than those with sugar or honey. When Kamgyulpy n was prepared with sugar, the sweetness of the samples containing mung bean starch was higher than that with other starch sources. $\circled2$ Lightness, redness and yellowness of the samples prepared with oligosaccharide were higher than those with sugar or honey. When the same sweeteners were used, the lightness of the samples containing corn starch and the rednness of the samples containing potato starch were higher than those with other starch sources, but there were no significant differences in yellowness. $\circled3$ Hardness and chewiness of the samples prepared with sugar were higher than those with oligosaccharide or honey, but there were no significant differences in springiness and cohesiveness. When Kamgyulpyon was prepared with honey, the hardness and chewiness of the samples containing potato starch were lower than those with other starch sources. $\circled4$ In the results of sensory evaluation, the sweetness, clarity, springiness and overall acceptability of the samples containing potato starch or com starch were higher than those with mung bean starch. Kamgyulpyon containing potato starch and oligosaccharide showed the highest overall acceptability.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

수박의 맛을 평가하는 다양한 방식이 있으나, 기존의 방법들은 주관적 방식, 평가 비용, 대상의 손상 등과 같은 평가 방식의 한계점이 있다. 최근에는 이러한 단점들을 해소하기 위해 소리를 이용하여 수박을 평가하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수박을 두드렸을 때 나는 반향 소리를 AI기반의 기계 학습을 이용하여 수박의 당도를 예측하는 모델을 개발 하였다. 수박의 당도가 높을수록 높은 주파수 성분이 특이점으로 나타나며, 따라서 반향소리 시간-주파수 특이점에 기반 하여 기계 학습 방법을 개발하였다. 2개의 수박 당도별 그룹을 구분 시에 83.2%, 3개의 그룹을 구분시에 59.6%의 정확도로 당도를 예측 할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.989-993
• /
• 2007

A lactose-hydrolyzed milk with low sweetness was developed using nanofiltration. Raw milk was treated with 0.03% ${\beta}$-galactosidase at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h to hydrolyze lactose partially. The resultant lactose-hydrolyzed milk containing 0.43% lactose was then concentrated using a nanofiltration membrane to reach concentration factor of 2.13. The concentration factors and coefficients of retention of milk components in nanofiltration were determined. The concentration factor of milk fat was 2.20 which was the highest of the milk components. The coefficient of retention of calcium and riboflavin was 0.96 and 0.76, respectively. However, the coefficient of retention of glucose, galactose, and sodium was 0.21, 0.15, and 0.22, respectively. Raw milk was treated with 0.1% ${\beta}$-galactosidase at $4^{\circ}C$ for 40 h to hydrolyze lactose fully and then concentrated to reach a concentration factor of 1.6 by using nanofiltration. The concentrated milk was reconstituted with water. The lactose-hydrolyzed milk had sweetness similar to milk. The compositional ratios of crude protein, calcium, sodium, and riboflavin of lactose-hydrolyzed nanofiltrated milk to those of raw milk were 99%, 97%, 77%, and 80%, respectively. This study showed that nanofiltration of lactose-hydrolyzed milk to remove galactose and glucose did not cause significant loss of calcium. The lactose-hydrolyzed nanofiltrated milk contained 0.06% lactose and had sweetness similar to milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1979

The purpose of this study was to search for a mixture of stevioside and sucrose, the sweetness of which in soft drink such as cocoa and ginger tea were almost equal the sweetness of commomly used 7% sucrose in the drinks. Results obtained by the present experiment were as fellows: 1) Mixture of 50% stevioside 40mg (0.04%) (A) and 2.0% sucrose, 95% stevioside 40mg (0.04%) (B) and 1.0% sucrose, and 50% and 95% stevioside 60mg (0.06%) (A,B) respectively, the sweetness of which in ginger tea corresponded to that of reference in the drink. 2) Mixture of 50% stevioside 40mg (0.04%) (A) and 2.0% sucrose, 95% stevioside 20mg (0.02%) (B) and 2.0% sucrose, and 50% stevioside 40-60mg (0.04-0.06%) (A) and 95% stevioside 40-60mg (0.04-0.05%) (B), the sweetness of which in cocoa is equal to that of standard sucrose in the drink. 3) The mixture contains low energe, and also the after-taste of stevioside was not detected in the above drinks.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.591-597
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to develop a standardized recipe for yuza pyun made of citron juice that is by-product of citron tea, to increase the utilization of citron. The effects of mungbean starch(15%, 18%) and dilution ratio of yuza extract(100%, 75%, 50%) on the quality characteristics were evaluated. The quality characteristics of the samples were estimated in terms of sweetness, color difference, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation. Sweetness of the 18% mungbean groups were higher than 15% groups(p<0.001). The values of Hunter color system indicated that higher content of yuza extract tended to increase yellowness significantly(p<0.001). Texture profiles of hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess of yuza pyun showed no significant differences among samples. For sensory evaluation, color and sourness were decreased as yuza extract was diluted, whereas elasticity and sweetness were increased. Yuza pyun containing 18% of mungbean starch with 50% diluted extract was the most preferred in overall acceptability. According to multiple regression analysis, color, sweetness, elasticity and sourness(in order) were important control factors in overall acceptability.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 1989

밥과 엿기름 가루의 양을 달리한 식혜와 여러가지 대체 감미료의 상대당도 결정 및 이들의 단독 또는 혼합사용에 따른 특성 평가의 결과는 다음과 같다. 엿기름 가루의 양이 증가함에 따라 식혜의 색 및 엿기름 냄새의 강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 밥의 양이 증가하는 경우, 식혜의 탁도, 단맛 및 점도의 강도는 큰 반면, 쓴 맛은 오히려 적다고 평가되었다. 환원당량은 밥과 엿기름 가루의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 10%의 sucrose를 첨가한 식혜의 당도와 같은 단맛을 주는 aspartame, saccharin 및 sorbitol의 상대당도는 sucrose를 기준으로 하여 각각 130, 205 및 0.54배에 해당한다. 사용된 감미료에 따라 단맛은 동일하게 나타났으나, 쓴맛, 식혜 고유의 향미, 점도 및 수렴성은 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 또한, 혼합감미료를 첨가한 식혜는 sucrose를 첨가한 식혜와 단맛, 쓴맛 및 수렴성에서 차이를 보였으며, 특히 단맛에서는 현저한 증가를 나타내었다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.823-837
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the firmness and the sweetness index (SI) of tomatoes with a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique within the wavelength range of 1000 - 1550 nm. The hyperspectral images of 95 tomatoes were acquired with a push-broom hyperspectral reflectance imaging system, from which the mean spectra of each tomato were extracted from the regions of interest. The reference firmness and sweetness index of the same sample was measured and calibrated with their corresponding spectral data by partial least squares (PLS) regression with different preprocessing methods. The calibration model developed by PLS regression based on the Savitzky-Golay second-derivative preprocessed spectra resulted in a better performance for both the firmness and the SI of the tomatoes compared to models developed by other preprocessing methods. The correlation coefficients ($R_{pred}$) were 0.82, and 0.74 with a standard error of prediction of 0.86 N, and 0.63, respectively. Then, the feature wavelengths were identified using a model-based variable selection method, i.e., variable importance in projection, from the PLS regression analyses. Finally, chemical images were derived by applying the respective regression coefficients on the spectral image in a pixel-wise manner. The resulting chemical images provided detailed information on the firmness and the SI of the tomatoes. The results show that the proposed HSI technique has potential for rapid and non-destructive evaluation of firmness and the sweetness index of tomatoes.

• Near Infrared Analysis
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.55-58
• /
• 2001

The object of this work was to investigate the influence of growing district and harvest year on calibration for sweetness (Brix) determination of Fuji apple fruit using near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, and to develop the robust calibration across these variation. The calibration models was based on wavelength range of 1100∼2500 nm using a stepwise multiple linear regression. A calibration model by sample set of one growing district was not transferable to other growing districts. The combined calibration (data of three growing districts) predicted reasonable well against a population set drawn from all growing districts (SEP=0.69, Bias=0.075). A calibration model by sample set of one harvest year was not also transferable to other harvest years. The combined calibration (data of three harvest years) predicted well against a population set drawn from all harvest years (SEP=0.53, Bias=0.004).