• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.584-589
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• 2010

Sweet persimmon yield can be limited by soil pH. This study was performed to rapidly determine the optimal level of lime requirement in sweet persimmon field. Soil chemical properties such as Fe, Mn, and Zn were analyzed soil samples of 31 sweet persimmon fields at Gyeongnam Province every two months from April to October in 2008. The available Fe, Mn, and Zn content were significantly high top soil (76.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Fe, 46.1 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Mn, and 16.9 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively), and subsoil (55.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Fe, 35.9 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Mn, and 12.3 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively) in April. Furthermore, the Mn content was significantly decreased since April compared to other micronutrients. We found a significant negative correlation between soil pH and lime requirement (r=0.881, $p{\leq}0.001$ for top soil, and r=0.855, $p{\leq}0.001$ for subsoil). We suggest that a conversion factor is -171 top soil pH + 1,148 to lime requirement (kg $10a^{-1}$) for top soil, and -190 subsoil pH + 1,247 to lime requirement (kg $10a^{-1}$) for subsoil in sweet persimmon fields. These results supported that the improvement of lime requirement by soil pH value is necessary to rapidly apply to field, and prevent micronutrients over uptake by persimmon plant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1661-1665
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• 2003

A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the utilization of fruits processing wastes as feed ingredient in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and sixty fingerlings (av. body weight, $1.65g{\pm}0.03$) were equally distributed in four experimental groups having 4 replicates each. Four different experimental diets were prepared by replacing wheat flour and rice bran with either orange (T2) (Cirtus qurantium), pineapple (T3) (Ananas spp. and Pseudananas spp.) or sweet lime (T4) (Citrus sinensis) wastes to the basal diet along with the control (T1, without any fruit wastes) keeping the CP level at around 40%. The water quality parameters like DO, $CO_2$, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and water temperature were recorded within the optimum range. The diet containing 25% pineapple wastes (T3) showed significantly higher growth in terms of SGR (1.50), FCR (2.09) and PER (1.19) than the other groups. However, growth of T4 and T2 groups were not significantly different than the control group (T1). Protease activity (17.17 unit/mg protein), protein digestibility (91.57%) and carbohydrate digestibility (41.62%) were not significantly different among the different groups. Survival of the fingerlings were not significantly different among the experimental groups. It concludes that waste of orange, pineapple and sweet lime can be used at 25% level as a substitute of wheat flour and rice bran in the diet of Labeo rohita.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2003

Current status of pesticide applications in sweet persimmon orchards was investigated through the questionnaire and analysis of the pesticide application records from 62 growers in 2000 and 17 growers in 2001 in Jinju, Sacheon, Changwon, Changyoung, and Gimhae in Korea. Average yearly application was 7.6 times in 2000 and 7.7 times in 2001, concentrated in June and July. The kinds of fungicides and insecticides used were 36 and 34 items in 2000, and 22 and 23 items in 2001, respectively. Application of pesticides was mostly finished by mid-September. Fungicides such as mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and benomyl were most frequently used in 2000, and lime sulfur, benomyl and carbendazim in 2001. Insecticides such as deltamethrin, methidathion, and fenitrothion + fenvalerate were frequently used in both years. About one-half of the pesticides being used by the growers was not registered for persimmon in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.253-256
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• 2003

Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 1995

This study was carried out to select economic-crops according to the improvement methods of newly-reclaimed soils. Silage corn, soybean, Job's tears and sweet potato were cultivated under 6 treatments including integrated improvement plot, control plot, compost plot, subsoiling plot, phosphate plot and lime plot on the Songjeong loam from 1985 to 1988. Crop yields and soil physical properties were investigated throughout the experiment. Soil porosity in the sweet potato plots were highest. In case of cultivated years, those of 4th year were lowest. Averaged yield increasing ratios of silage corn, soybean, job`s tears and sweet potato in the integrated improvement plots were 132%, 29%, 49% and 59%, respectively. And that of 5 soil improved treatments for 4 crops were 53%, 15%, 25% and 38%, respectively. After subtraction of the total expenses of soil conditioners, the economical efficiency of soil improvements were clear in the 4 crops except the compost plot of silage corn. That of sweet potato plot was the highest.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on the improved methods of soil physico-chemical properties and sweet potato yield cultivated on a newly-reclaimed land, a Songjeong loam soil. The crop was cultivated under the six different treatments for 4years since 1985 in the field conditions. Annual changes of soil properties and sweet potato yield were investigated and analyzed. Soil bulk density increased from the second year, and also soil hardness of topsoil increased, but that of subsoil had not tendency. Average yield of sweet potato for 4years in the integrated improvement plot was 32.68ton/ha, which is increased by 59% in comparison to that of the control plot. Crop yield was in order of integrated improvement>phosphate>subsoiling>lime>compost>control plots. The soil properties of the topsoil which showed high correlation coefficient to sweet potato yield were bulk density, hardness and cation exchange capacity(CEC), and those of the subsoil were bulk density, soil moisture and CEC. Ratios of changes of soil properties except organic matter content showed high significancy to sweet potato yield. Soil physico-chemical properties of the 4th year without soil conditioners application were worse than those of 3rd year.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

This study was carried out for three years from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the actual condition of pest control of domestic persimmon organically cultivated farmers, to select environment - friendly pest control materials for major pests, and to conduct field test of established control system. The main cultivated cultivar of the reader farmer of organic cultivation was "Buyou" and sprayed organic agricultural material 9~17 times per year for pest control. The most harmful pests were anthracnose, bugs, persimmon fruit worm, and scales, etc. The control materials used were organic lime sulfur mixture, red clay sulfur, emulsifier, bordeaux solution, and self-made plant extracts using garlic, ginkgo nut and pine tree. The effective materials for controlling anthrax were lime sulfur mixture and red clay sulfur. Garlic oil + citronella emulsion, shrubby sophora seed extract + tea extract was effective to control Riptortus clavatus and Euproctis subflava. When installed 60 ea per 10a of mating disruption trap in a sweet orchard, the fruit setting rate was improved by 30%. The results of field test of control system to control 10 times a year in organically grown persimmons were able to harvest fruit of 70.7%. However, since any kinds of pesticides can not be sprayed during the harvest season in September and October, the damaged by bugs did not decreased, and further research is needed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.258-269
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• 1982

The nutritional status of fruit leaves of sweet persimmon and soil conditions were observed in the fifty five blocks of fruit farms of sweet persimmon in Gimhae, Gyeong-nam area. 1. The soil of fruit farm was composed of more than 20% of gravel in the most part of the fruit farms. 2. The strong acidity was observed in the soil of young fruit farms but the acidity of the farm soils was improved to week acid with increase of age of fruit trees. 3. The great variation in the content of available phosphate were observed in the soil from different fruit farm blocks and the lime content were relatively low in the most of the farm soils. 4. The contents of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium in leaves of sweet persimmon collected in July and October were lower than those collected in May but reverse tendency was observed in the content of calcium, magnesium and sodium. 5. The content of boron in leaves collected in May was similar to that collected in July but extremely high content of boron was observed in the loaves collected in October, harvesting period of sweet persimmon. 6. The contents of iron and manganese in the leaves of sweet persimmon were observed to be relatively high compared to the content in the leaves of other fruit trees. 7. The relatively great variation in such inorganic components as iron, copper and boron was observed in the fruit leaves of sweet persimmon according to the different fruit farm blocks. 8. The ages of fruit trees didn't have an effect on the content of inorganic components in the fruit leaves except the content of nitrogen which was decreased with the increase of the ages of fruit trees.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of application of slacked lime and fused super-phosphate on the lead uptake of upland crops in a lead added soil. Lead concentration of the soils were adjusted to 0, 150, 300mg/kg respectively. The slacked lime was applied at the equivalent amount of lime requirement with extra 150kg/10a, and 2 times for the fused superphosphate. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Lead contents in crops increased in the order: sesame > maize > potato > sweet potato > soybean > green perilla > peanut > red bean. 2. Lead contents in parts of crops were increased in the order; root > stem > leaf > grain. 3. Increasing lead concentration in soils, lead content in the plant was increased and crops yield were decreased. 4. Lead contents in soybean and green perlilla were decreased in slacked lime application treatment. 5. The lead contents in leaf and grain of soybean and green perllila decreased with decreasing in the ratio of Pb/Ca+Mg equivalent in soil. 6. Grain yield were increased in slacked lime, but were decreased in fused superphosphate application treatment. 7. With increasing the soil Pb contents, calcium and phosphate contents were increased in leaf and stem, but calcium was decreased in roots. 8. $1N-NH_4$ OAC soluble Pb contents in soil were 26-50 ppm and 42-70 ppm, respectively, for 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg lead treatments. 9. The soil pH was increased in the order of slacked lime, fused superphosphate and nontreatment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-275
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit juices on Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens involved in Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among tribal women in the district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: Fresh juices of lemon (Citrus limon), amla/Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), mosambi/sweet lime (Citrus limetta), orange (Citrus sinensis), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruits were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens involved in UITs and STIs among tribal women. Physico-chemical analysis of fresh fruits was also carried out by measuring the pH, moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and ascorbic acid content. Results: Lemon and amla juice showed better antibacterial activity against the pathogens as compared to other juices. MIC results fruit juices against UTIs and STIs pathogens vary depending on the specific pathogen and juice chemical constituents. The physico-chemical analysis showed that the moisture content was highest in mosambi (90%), followed by orange (87%). Ascorbic acid content was found highest in amla (540 mg/100 g), followed by kiwi (90.3 mg/100 g). Pomegranate showed highest concentration of carbohydrate (15.28 g/100 g), fat (1.28 g/100 g), and protein (1.65 g/100 g). Lemon juice had lowest pH of 2.20, followed by amla 2.67. Conclusion: The lemon juice showed highest antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial pathogens involved in UTIs and STIs among tribal women in district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The low pH of lemon may be responsible for its high antibacterial activity as compared to other juices.