• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.253-256
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• 2003

Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.640-649
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• 1996

This study was conducted to obtain fundamental informations necessary to breed forage sorghum at the field of the Livestock Experiment Station from 1988 to 1991. Heterosis was discussed in crossing groups of sorghum X sweet sorghum, sorghum X sudangrass, and (sorghum X sweet sorghum) X sudangrass. Leaf dry weight and stalk dry weight per plant in sweet sorghum crossing group, stalk dry weight per plant in sorghum X sudangrass crosses and leaf area per plant in three way crosses showed the greatest Heterobeltiosis(H$_{b}$). There were significant differences in plant height, stalk diameter and number of tillers per plant between sweet sorghum and sudangrass crosses. H$_{b}$ for total dry matter yield in sweet sorghum and sudangrass crosses were 45.9% and 95.0%, respectively. On the other hand, heterosis for total dry matter yield in three way crosses was smaller than H$_{b}$. There was no relationship between dry matter yield of parents and heterosis of hybrids in sweetsorghum crosses. However, positive correlations between parental yield and hybrid yields were observed. In sudangrass crosses, there were negative correlations between parental yields and heterosis of hybrids. However, no correlation between parental yields and hybrid yields were observed. In three way crosses, there were no correlations between parental yields and heterosis, and between parental yields and hybrids yields.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

The summer production of sweet pepper in Korea which cultured in the highland area such as Hapchon is essential for a year-round export, but has the problem, fruits lose easily those marketability. This study was carried out to find changes of fruit quality in response to storage on sweet pepper cultivars in summer. Seven cultivars of sweet peppers, 'Jubilee', 'Plenty', 'Goal', 'Romeca', 'Derby', 'Midas' and 'Maximalia' were obtained iron growers in Hapchon which was highland of 600-800m from sea level and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ with box packing. Fruit quality was evaluated every 4days up to 4weeks. The weight loss of 'Jubilee' was the lowest, that of 'Romeca' was the highest. The firmness of 'Goal' was maintained highly for 4weeks and the red cultivars was higher than those of other color cultivars. The lightness of 'Jubilee' was sensitively affected by storage duration. Seeds of 'Plenty' and 'Derby' were plentifully browned after 4weeks storage. The occurrence of fruit rotting was after 16-204ay storage and those of 'Plenty' and 'Maximalia' were the earliest. The marketability of 'Jubilee' and 'Romeca' maintained by 70% for 16 days was the highest, but most cultivars lost those by 20% after 24days storage. It may be suggested that the marketability of sweet pepper producted in summer can be stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 2weeks to maintain that of 80%.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2019

The first commercial planting of sweet cherry in Korea is thought to be done in early 1920s. The planting area of sweet cherry in Korea is about 500 ha in 2017. Although sweet cherry is considered a minor fruit in Korea, it is one of premium fruits in market and popular among children and women, especially among pregnant women. The import of sweet cherry fruits has increased dramatically in recent years. Seedlings of Prunus lannesiana or clones of 'Colt' (P. avium × P. pseudocerasus) were usually used as sweet cherry rootstocks in Korea. During recent decades new dwarfing rootstocks for cherry such as 'Gisela' series were developed in Germany. Among them, several 'Gisela' series have been mainly used in international nurseries. In this study, we investigated optimum rooting condition of a dwarfing rootstock 'Gisela 5' in summer season cuttings. Among eight soil conditions tested, saprolite + commercial nursery soil (1:1) and saprolite + vermiculite (1:1) showed higher rooting percentage than others, showing 93.6% and 88.9%, respectively. More than 95% of 'Gisela 5' rootstocks produce roots when it was treated with IBA for several seconds just before cuttings, irrespective of concentrations (500 to 2000 mg·L^-1).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.4 s.21
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

This study was carried out in order to develop brand and packing design for agricultural products of Dangjin County. Current packing designs such as rice packs, cucumber box, sweet potato box, apple box and kimchi pack were collected from agricultural cooperatives in Dangjin area. For those packing designs, corporate identity(CI) clinic was conducted and the results obtained were as follows: There are varieties of names, colors, fonts, and sizes far the same items, so that consumers could not easily find and understand those CIs of agricultural products in Dangjin County. Among others, those packages are needed CI clinic such as the packages of Dangjin apple(Song-ak Agricultural Cooperative), Dangjin sweet potato(Seok-moon A. C.) and rice(Daehoji A. C., Shinpyeong A. C.). However, the packing design of Hyang-chae-bang Kimchi is evaluated as good design. For CI clinic, it is desirable to develop unique and united brand name and simple design for the packages such as the case of 'Anseong-Matzum' of Anseong City, which is unique and united brand name with simple design enhancing synergy effect for agricultural marketing.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.631-641
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschool children's taste preferences on their intake of nutrients and the degree of dental caries. The subjects were 126 preschool children (boys 62 and girls 64) in Daegu area. Their taste preferences and food intake were investigated and their teeth were also examined. The energy intake of boys (1550 kcal) were significantly higher than that of girls (1441 kcal). Daily dietary intakes of nutrients-except niacin and vitamin C-were higher than those of RDA. Vitamin B$_1$ intake of the group preferring a salty taste was significantly lower than that of the other group (p<0.05). Vitamin B$_2$ intake of the group preferring a salty taste was significantly higher than that of the other group (p<0.05). Vitamin C intake of the group preferring a hot taste was significantly higher than that of the other group (p<0.05). The group with a preference for sweet had more experiences of dental caries and more decayed teeth than the other group, but which is not significant. The experiences of dental caries were negatively correlated with protein intake (p<0.01). The decayed teeth were negatively correlated with energy and protein intakes (p<0.01). Our data suggested that taste preferences are associated with vitamins intake and the degree of dental caries in preschool children. It means the sweet preference increased the experiences of the dental caries.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in factors related to the incidence of dental caries between children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas and compared the DMFT and DMFS scores to confirm the effect of water fluoridation program (WFP) in Geoje and Changwon. Methods: The oral health examination and questionnaire survey were conducted in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. The number of surveyed children aged 8, 10, and 12 years in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area of two cities was 1,524 and 1,383, respectively. Self-recorded questionnaires included self-perception of their own dental health, daily toothbrushing frequency, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages, experience of gingival bleeding, experience of unmet dental treatment, and use of oral hygiene device except for toothbrush and toothpaste. The prevalence of caries and fissure-sealant status were surveyed. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in children's self-rated oral health status between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area. The mean number of sealed teeth and surfaces, marginal means of the DMFT and DMFS scores adjusted for the difference in the samples' sex distribution, and region were compared between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Results: In the fluoridated area, the experience rate of unmet dental treatments was higher among children aged 10 years, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages were higher among the whole sample, and experience rate of professional fluoride application were lower than in the non-fluoridated area. The DMFT score for permanent dentition adjusted for differences in sex, region, and mean number of fissure-sealed teeth in the fluoridated area was significantly lower among whole samples and 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds alone than in the non-fluoridated area. Conclusions: WFP can alleviate oral health inequality because it is effective in reducing the incidence of caries among children is disadvantaged demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.420-424
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• 2009

This experiment was executed to investigate the effect of the carpenter bee as a pollinator on the fruit set increment of sweet pepper in summer hydroponics in the alpine area of Gangwon province, Korea. Where the number of fruit sets were increasing during the treatment of pollination by the carpenter bee, total yields during the whole growing period were not different. The number of seeds per fruit in the treatment of the carpenter bee increased more than that in the control by 7.3 percent increment, but the percentage of blossom-end rot increased. As fruit weight range of SS size (below 120g) decreased and that of L size (from 181g to 210g) increased by the pollination treatment, so the percentage of standardized products for the export to Japan improved. Therefore this result was effective for the fruit production of high quality for the export to Japan and it will be necessary for further study on the method of reducing blossom-end rot to be done.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2001

The survey on the practice of the memorial ceremonial food in Chuncheon area showed it varied according to social position of officiator, location(inland or seaside town) , and personal condition. The study included the foods prepared for the memorial services on the memorial day. New Year's Day and Chusok. 1. 40.4% of the subjects were in the thirties at their age, 46.6% were high school graduates, 57.3% were the first daughter-in-law, 40.4% had no religion, 30.9% were working at public administration and earned less than 1 to 1,5 million won monthly. 2. 71.7% of the subjects who replied that the ancestor worship service had to be kept were Buddhists. 55.4% of them were high school graduates, and 58.8% of them ran independent businesses. They learned how to practice the ancestor worship service from their mother before marriage or from their parents-in-law after marriage. 3. The older the officiators, the better they wanted to keep the traditional format of the service, but the Christians and Catholics wanted to change the format to western style in the future. 4. 92.7% of them served cooked milled rice. They prepared the soup in the order of beef soup, radish soup and dried Alaskan pollack soup. 5. Among cooked vegetable dishes, bracken was used the most and balloonflower root, mung bean sprout and spinach followed. Among jeon(pan-fried foods). frozen Alaskan pollack was used the most and buckwheat, mung bean and meatball followed. 6. They served san-juk(beef kebab) mostly on the ceremony. Among the grilled foods, tofu was the favorite, and croaker followed. 7. Among the fried foods. squid was the favorite, and sweet-potato and shrimp followed. Among the dried foods. they used in the order of dried Alaskan pollack, dried beef and squid. 8. Among the rice cake and traditional confectionery, they used in the order of Yak-sik(sweet rice cake), Gang-jeong(fried glutinous rice cookie), Jeol-pyun and In-jeol-mee. Among a beverage, they served Sik-hye(fermented rice drink) mostly. 9. Among fruits, apples. jujube, chestnut and dried persimmon were served. Aong a liquor, Cheongju was served mostly. 10. Soy sauce, salt and salted fermented fish were served, too.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2010

Fruit cracking of sweet cherry fruit due to rain near harvest is a major source of crop loss in the cherry industry. The objection of this study was to understand the sweet cherry fruit cracking. Depending on the year, the disorder is characterized by a cracking of the outside layer of the cherry skin, as called cuticle. The crackings were appeared around the stem end, where water could accumulate, but was also seen fruit side or apical end. The cracking was observed mostly in the fruit apical end in 2004 and around the stem end in the other years. It had more rainfall at early season of fruit growth, early May, in 2004 and 2006 compared to other years. Those years showed higher rates of the fruit cracking occurrence. The hypodermal layer was examined on cracking susceptible cultivar, 'Sato Nishiki' from young to mature fruit cuticle. The hypodermal layers of the stem end area were decreased by one to two layers and fruit apical end area was cracked as fruit development. When fruits were immersed in distilled water, the larger fruit (> 6 g) had more cracking ratio than smaller fruits (< 4.5 g).