• KCID journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.116-132
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• 1999

The agricultural water and filmland are two essential resources that should be conserved to ensure the sustainable agriculture and the sound rural society. The natural and socio-economic environments in Korea urgently require the conservation of agricultu

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2017

The question of how to establish sustainable agricultural systems has become as prominent as questions related to water, energy and climate change. High input/high output agriculture has brought with it many adverse effects; the massive deterioration of soil and water in both quantity and quality, increased greenhouse gas emissions and an increased prevalence of unsafe foods. Additionally, urbanization and climate change has worsened the shortage of farmland and reduced the supply of agricultural water. Given these challenges, maintaining, conserving and efficiently using agri-environmental resources, through fostering of sustainable agriculture, have emerged as key tasks in solving these problems. What is needed therefore is research, based on systematic and comprehensive empirical analyses, that can propose plans and methods for establishing an appropriate sustainable agricultural system. The empirical analysis of sustainable agricultural system is approached separately from economic, environmental and social aspects. An analysis of environment effect reveals that the available phosphate level is 1.3~2.1 times greater than the optimal amount in rice paddies, upland fields and orchards. Further examination has revealed that the excess nutrient is polluting both ground water and surface water. Analytical results for economic feasibility show that factors of production have been invested heavily in the rice crop. Under these conditions, sustainable agriculture, including low-input agriculture, appears to be a possible alternative that will facilitate simultaneous improvements in both economic feasibility and environment effects. Analysis results for sociality reveal that social factors include the value of producer, association and interior networks. Social conditions are comprised of leadership, consumers' awareness, education and conflict solutions. In addition, analysis as to the degree investments contribute to improving agricultural value added has revealed that the direct payment program is the most effective instrument. Experts confirm that economic feasibility can be improved by scientific and well-reasoned nutrient management on the basis of soil testing. Farmers pointed to 'economic factors' as being the largest obstacle to switching to the practice of sustainable agriculture. They also indicate 'uncertainty with regards to sustainable agriculture technology' as an impediment to practicing sustainable agriculture. Even so, farmers who believe environmental and regional issues to be the most pressing problems have expanded their practice of sustainable agriculture. The keys to establishing sustainable agriculture system are classified into the following four aspects. Firstly, from an economic aspect, the research indicates that agricultural policy needs to be integrated with environmental policy and that the function of market making based on the value chain needs to be revitalized. Secondly, from an environmental aspect, there is a need for an optimal resource management system to be established in the agricultural sector. In addition, sustainable agriculture practice will need to be extended with attendant environmentally-friendly and sustainable intensive technology also requiring further development. Thirdly, from a social aspect, green agriculture management needs to be fostered, technology and education extended, and social conflict mediated. Lastly, from a governance aspect, it will be necessary to strengthen good governance, assign and share suitable roles and responsibilities, build a cooperation system and utilize community supported agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2016

2015년은 국제사회 거버넌스 및 정책 패러다임에 있어 전환점(tipping point)을 맞는다. 2000년 국제사회가 인류의 빈곤 퇴치라는 삶에 가장 절대적인 개발목표로 2015년까지 달성해야 할 빈곤, 의료, 교육 등 사회 환경 현안에서 해결해야 할 단순명료한 목표를 제시하였다. 그리고 2015년 9월 UN 지속가능 세계정상 회의(World Summit on Sustainable Development, WSSD)에서는 지속가능개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)를 채택하여 2030년까지 전 세계가 경제성장, 기후 변화 등 경제적, 사회적, 환경적 측면을 통합적으로 고려하여 지속가능한 인간정주환경을 조성하자는데 합의를 마쳤다. 17개의 지속가능개발목표와 부속적으로 169개의 타겟이 설정되었으며, SDGs 안에서는 MDGs의 기조를 유지하면서, 인간의 권리 구현과 성평등, 여성과 어린이의 권리 신장 등을 포함하고 있으며, 기후변화와 예측이 불확실한 다양한 자연재난, 특히 물과 물 관련 재해가 빈곤 경감, 기후변화 대응, 인간정주의 모든 삶의 영역에 연계요소로 녹아 있다. 기후변화 적응과 물 안보, 특히 위기관리의 맥락이 내재되어 있는 2030년을 목표로 하는 국제사회의 Post-2015 개발의제에서 물 분야는 무엇보다 중요한 관심 분야로 부각이 되어 있다. 17개의 지속가능개발목표에서 SDG6을 "모두를 위한 물과 위생의 지속가능한 관리와 이용(Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all)"으로 하고 수자원관리 및 물과 위생 분야의 중요성을 전세계가 공감하고 함께 해결해 나가야 함을 강조하였다. 그러나 실질적으로는 물을 직접적으로 언급한 6번째 목표뿐만 아니라, 빈곤의 근절(SDG1), 기아근절과 지속가능한 농업의 증진(SDG2)을 비롯한 다양한 목표들에서 물 분야가 직접?간접적으로 연계 되어 있으며, 특히 기후변화의 영향으로 더욱 심각해진 물관련 재해로부터 리질리언스 확보 등, 지속가능개발목표의 전반적인 기조에서 물안보 확보를 읽을 수 있다. 물 분야에서 지속가능개발목표의 이행을 위한 노력은 국제사회의 물 문제 해결에 공동으로 대응하기 위한 글로벌 동반 성장 지원체계를 구축하기 위한 초석이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.625-633
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• 2010

An integrated water resources management is highly required to use efficient water and preserve water quality due to the limits of water resources development and water pollution. K-WEAP was developed, which supports the water resources planning and evaluation within a fully integrated interactive system. In this study, we present three applications of K-WEAP. First, we examined the usefulness of K-WEAP as a water resources planning tool through its application to the National Water Resources Plan. Second, the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in the Geum river basin with K-WEAP was evaluated, and its results show how to support to set up a sustainable groundwater management plan. Finally, we confirmed the function of the integrated water quantity and quality management in K-WEAP, which conducted by comparing the simulated results of water quality in both QUAL2E and K-WEAP.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.511-522
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• 2024

The optimal yield is defined as the amount of groundwater that maintains a dynamic equilibrium state of the groundwater system over a long period. We examined the current problems, improvements, and methods for estimating the optimal groundwater yield in Korea, considering sustainable groundwater development. The optimal yield for individual wells and the sustainable yield for the entire groundwater basin were reviewed. Generally, the optimal yield for individual wells can be determined using long-term pumping and step drawdown tests. The optimal yield can be determined by groundwater quantity and quality, economic, and water use rights factors. The optimal yield of individual wells in the groundwater basin must be determined within the total sustainable amount of the entire groundwater basin, such that the optimal yield of a new well must be less than the remaining total sustainable amount, exempting the total optimal yield of the existing wells. Therefore, the optimal yield may be determined based on the estimated optimal yield at least twice per year. In addition, if groundwater level and pumping quantity data for at least one year are available, it may be effective to use the Hill, Harding, and zero groundwater-level change methods to re-estimate the optimal yield.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.190-190
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• 2016

The Water, Energy, and Food (WEF) nexus is an emerging concept for sustainable resources planning and management. The three valuable resources are inevitably interconnected, that is, it takes water to produce energy; it takes energy to extract, treat, and distribute water; and both water and energy are required to produce food. Although it is challenging to fully understand the complicated interdependency, a few studies have been devoted to interpret the concept and develop the assessment tools. The tools were mainly developed for nation-wide simulations without considering inter-basin or inter-state resources trade. This study tries to present an idea to develop and implement the WEF nexus simulation model in regional scale by advancing the existing nation-wide model with additional capability to simulate the inter-basin trade. This simulation could help local planners and engineers to determine optimal policies and infrastructure solutions to reach and ensure local demand satisfaction. The simulation model is implemented in hypothetical areas with different conditions of WEF demands and supplies. Although the inter-basin trade scenarios are simulated manually, it shows that the inter-basin resources trade could enhance the resources security for a longer time period. In future, an optimization model might be developed to provide the automatic calculation to reach optimum amount of WEF for the trade, which can be a helpful tool in decision making process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2018

Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus is a new holistic resources management concept that considers the interconnections among resources for sustainable resources planning and management. The current challenge is to fulfill the required demand in the lack of available resources. A traditional way to provide more available resource is by increase in production, but it caused increment of indirect demand of other interlinked resources. Importing resources from other area (where local supply is redundant) is another option to secure local resources with additional economic expenditure. The WEF nexus-trading model adapts the previously developed nationwide nexus simulation model with additional input parameters and functions to simulate trading scenarios. In general, the analysis starts with the quantification of local resources deficit (potential importing amount) and redundancy (potential exporting amount) of each area. Then, a trade module is initiated by determining possible donor area and importation amount. Finally, the nexus simulation for all area is re-run to determine final resources supply-demand results including the trading amount. The trade option provides an opportunity to meet local demands without draining local resources. However, the production capability of donor area may limit the importation amount. The newly developed trade option allows more alternatives for stakeholders to determine resources management plans.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.687-693
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• 2004

The MODFLOW simulated results with varying input parameter values were compared and analyzed. To understand the relative importance of the input parameters, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The amount of sustainable yield was analyzed with respect to the hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, specific storage, aquifer thickness and the distance of the wells from the river. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that inflow from the river and the aquifer storage were sensitive to the specific yield and aquifer thickness. Sustainable yield was sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness. The results of this study can be used as a basic information for groundwater development and management plannings considering regional characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2012

The study aims to evaluate the complexity of relationships between the riparian states - China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia - in the Mekong River Basin since the mid-1990s with special reference to the discourse on hydropower development. A special emphasis will be put on the influence of China on hydropower development. Although a variety of issues on the river basin have been discussed among the riparian states, none of them has been effectively implemented owing to the lack of China's commitment to the discussions for sustainable water management. Now, a new turning point is observed in the region with emergence of the issue on hydropower development, not only in the upper basin but also in the lower basin. The discourse on hydropower in Mekong has quickly drawn attention of the public, accelerated by the onset of construction of the Xayabury Dam in Laos since November 2010. The influence of China as the upstream country with its political, economic, and military power has increasingly grown in the region over the last few decades, and such trend recently intensifies together with an expansion of Chinese commercial interests in the region. Since the establishment of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) in 1995, the four MRC members have striven to push forward a sustainable use of water resources in the basin. But the legitimacy of the MRC system has been eroded due to the lack of participation by Myanmar and China, and in particular, the Chinese absence has made the four riparian states blind about the change of water regime due to the Chinese dams upstream. Environmental damages due to hydropower development might be possible, including a drop of fish yields, crop production, and damages to the river's ecosystems. Vietnam and Cambodia have already expressed their concerns over the dam construction towards China as well as Laos by pointing out detrimental impacts of the dams to their economies. China's move to collaborate with the other riparian states since 2010 has given a positive signal in terms of sustainable water management in the river. However, this phenomenon never confirms China's proactive contribution to the cooperative activities within the framework of the MRC system. Laos' initiative to build a new dam in the lower basin alarms those who are opposed to dam construction in the fear of its far-reaching damages to the environment. The question goes back to the year-long debate on policy priorities given to economic growth or the environment. The riparian states require wisdom based on a consensus about sustainable water use rather than hydropower development based on individual growth dreams.