• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.467-476
• /
• 2013

With increasing interest in environmental issues and the quality of surface water becoming inadequate for water supply, the Korean government has launched a groundwater development policy to satisfy the demand for clean water. To drive this policy effectively, it is essential to guarantee the accuracy of sustainable groundwater yield and groundwater use amount. In this study, groundwater use was monitored over several years at various locations in Korea (32 cities/counties in 5 provinces) to obtain accurate groundwater use data. Statistical analysis of the results was performed as a method for estimating rational groundwater use. For the case of groundwater use for living purposes, we classified the cities/counties into three regional types (urban, rural, and urban-rural complex) and divided the groundwater facilities into five types (domestic use, apartment housing, small-scale water supply, schools, and businesses) according to use. For the case of agricultural use, we defined three regional types based on rainfall intensity (average rainfall, below-average rainfall, and above-average rainfall) and the facilities into six types (rice farming, dry-field farming, floriculture, livestock-cows, livestock-pigs, and livestock-chickens). Finally, we developed groundwater-use estimation equations for each region and use type, using cluster analysis and regression model analysis of the monitoring data. The results will enhance the reliability of national groundwater statistics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2009

In case of general residential house, photovoltaic can be installed at roof, wall, and any other places. But, in case of apartment building, there has not enough roof space to install photovoltaic panels to supply enough electricity. Actually, apartment building roof and facade wall (exclude the balcony window space) is not enough space to produce and supply the electricity to residents by installing PV panel. Generally, the space of facade balcony with windows in facade wall at apartment building occupied about $70{\sim}80%$, in all facade space. So, if we could use the balcony and windows space in facade as PV to generating electricity, there could contribute the energy saying. But, PV cell is opacify. So if it installed at front window area in apartment building, residents may have displeasure for that opacity character. But the other hand, residents are not always in house especially in day time that is exactly good time for generating electricity by PV. If we can use PV at the facade balcony with window without collusion of resident's displeasure, there have good attraction to using sustainable energy. Hence, this study suggests the design of facade balcony window style PV by considering resident's living pattern in apartment building. The methods of this study are as follows. At first, this study surveyed to the residents about residential time in their home and asked user demand by Delphi survey. At second, this study designed balcony open style PV system which oriented to the user demand. At third, this study tests designed result performance by computer simulation that compared design result with old design. As a result, For the purpose of satisfying the resident demand, there designed sliding window style which slide the several door systems to the one side. That would be make balcony absolute open scenery to the residents. Hence, the designed system performance results were as follows. When we compare the small apartment and large apartment, smaller one has good performance than larger one. Because resident's residential time characteristic. And that has more good electronic performance than vertical style that is similar to roof style.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2018

The purpose of the study is to show the possibility of the enlargement of land banking types through employment of the French land bank case. For sustainable urban regeneration projects, it is necessary to improve the land banking system with comprehensive land banking types. There are a total of 35 land banking agencies in France, which are made according to the needs of the municipality. The main function of these institutions is to perform functions such as land acquisition, management, division, land maintenance(decontamination, etc.), land use plan review and so on. In the 1960s and 1970s, mainly purchase and maintenance of land mainly focused on Brownfield and idle land, but since 2000 the land purchase business is mainly for the supply of social rental housing which is missing It was. The use of land banks is most frequently mentioned as a way of how to supply land at a low price in urban renewal projects. To that end, it is necessary to revise related laws, even if the law is revised so that land for urban regeneration projects can be secured, due to the limit of financial resources, land for the urban regeneration project nationwide secured It will not be easy without policy judgment of a positive nation. Therefore, securing land reserve resources for urban regeneration projects utilizing residential district funds and municipal maintenance funds is essential. In addition, even on a small scale, it is necessary to consider the banking of land for regional capitalization at the local government level.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to review the U.S. renewable energy policies implemented by the federal government and the state governments to investigate potential barriers of renewable energy expansion and to develop policy implications for the successful renewable energy policy making in Korea. Recently, the restructuring in the energy supply chain has been being a new trend in many countries that shows a transition from traditional fossil fuels to sustainable renewable energy sources. The United States has enforced effective renewable energy policies (i.e., regulatory policies, financial incentives), which have led to the exploding growth of renewable energy facilities and productions over the last ten years. For example, many state governments in the U.S. are implementing Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) policies that require increased energy supply from renewable energy sources (i.e., solar, wind and geothermal). These RPS policies are expected to account for at least 10-50 percent of total electricity production in the next fifteen years. As part of results, in the recent three years, renewable energy in the U.S provided over 50 percent of total new power generation constructions. On the other hand, Korea initiated to develop climate change policies in 2008 for the Green Growth Policy that set up a target reduction of national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions up to 37 percent by 2025. However, statistical data for accumulated renewable energy capacity refer that Korea is still in its early stage that contribute to only 7 percent of the total electricity production capacity and of which hydroelectric power occupied most of the production. Thus, new administration in Korea announced a new renewable energy policy (Renewable Energy 3020 Plan) in 2017 that will require over 95 percent of the total new generations as renewable energy facilities to achieve up to 20 percent of the total electricity production from renewable energy sources by 2030. However, to date, there have not been enough studies to figure out the barriers of the current policy environment and to develop implications about renewable energy policies to support the government plan in Korea. Therefore, this study reviewed the U.S. renewable energy policies compared with Korean policies that could show model cases to introduce related policies and to develop improved incentives to rapidly spread out renewable energy facilities in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.114-122
• /
• 2015

Soybean is very useful crop to supply vegetable protein for human. However, cultivation arear of this economically important crop is gradually diminished in upland field. Hence, cultivation area of soybean is increased in paddy field. During the growth duration of soybean, excessive moisture injury is serious problem for sustainable production and supply. We investigated protein expression according to different period of seed soaking and germination after seed soaking. For comparison on expression of protein according to different condition, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis. After electrophoresis analysis, we selected differentially expressed protein spots according to different condition such as soaking period and germination after soaking to identify protein function by using MALDI-TOF. Results revealed that pattern of expression of protein according to soaking period and germination after soaking were generally not different in major spots. However, degree of expression of protein in some protein spots was increased in accordance with decrease of soaking period. Especially, in Hwangkeum-Kong, Danyeop-Kon, and Pecking, the degree of expression of protein was remarkably increased for 4 days after soaking. But, according to germination after soaking, degree of expression of protein in germinated seeds of all cultivars was higher than un-germinated seeds. In results of MALDI-TOF analysis, specific proteins were identified by different soaking period such as Allergen Gly m Bd 28K, P24 oleosin isoform B. Also, in accordance with germination, degree of protein expression of the related protein, Gibberellin was increased in un-germinated seeds of Iksan-Kong. In ungerminated seeds of Sinpaldal-kong, proteins were identified as down-regulated by soaking such as ATP binding and Inhibitor II', proteinase.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.79-92
• /
• 2006

Environmental capacity assessment of Busan city was conducted to provide basis for planning on sustainable development and growth of the city. Using Onish model, assessment was carried out on amenities and service facilities for the citizens of Busan city. Ecological Footprint model was used to judge if the city exceeds the its environmental capacity and to estimate the extent of the excess if it exists. The analysis using Onish model revealed that the citizens of Busan city are generally well supported by the infrastructure and service facilities of the city. Water treatment and supply facilities have enough capabilities to support the city, whereas the relatively low rate of sanitary sewer supply (78%) suggests the need for further improvement in the wastewater area. The capacities of sanitary landfills are found sufficient enough to support the city for the next 10 years. The high value for the line length served per capita in the subway sector hints on certain inconvenience of commuters. All the air quality indicators meet the Korean and WHO standards except for $NO_2$. The ecological footprint model analysis produced EF indicators for Busan city of 3.04 ha/person and 2.54 ha/person for the years of 1993 and 2003, respectively. The decrease of the indicator from 1993 to 2003 is mainly due to the incorporation of Gijang area by Busan city in 1995, suggesting the importance of the ecologically productive area in the evaluation using this model. The analysis on the ecological deficit that is based on ecologically productive land shows that the consumption by Busan city exceeds its ecologically available production by 19,600% as of 2003. The area needed to support the consumption of Busan city in 2003 is 123 times as large as the present area of Busan city, which is substantially lower than the multiplier (742) obtained for Seoul city in 1997 but is higher than those observed for Chongju city (71 in 1999) and Ulsan city (39 in 2001).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2014

Recently, trends in new transportation system development have been primarily focused on sustainable and ecofriendly mobility solutions. The personal rapid transit (PRT) system has been considered a promising candidate in this category; its competitiveness is being improved through convergence with cutting-edge electric vehicle (EV) technologies. However, battery-powered vehicles pose difficult technical challenges in attempts to achieve reliable and efficient operation. In this study, a design approach for a solar-power assisted PRT system is presented with small-scale demonstrations aimed at circumventing challenges facing its adoption, as well as helping speed the transition to electric-powered ground transportation. From the results, it is expected that flexible photovoltaic (PV) cells will be able to supply 11% of the power required by the service equipment installed in a prototype vehicle. In particular, flexible photovoltaic (PV) cells are advantageous in terms of cost, weight, and design considerations. Most importantly, the cells' flexibility and attach-ability are expected to give them great potential for extended application in various areas.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.757-774
• /
• 2004

This paper is to reclassify systematically the functions of urban river: that is, water supply, land management, transportation and energy source as social and economic function; formation of geomorphic surface, water-side landscape, community constitution and boundary and separation between regions as spatial function; and drainage of waste water, purification, habitation, and weather regulation as ecological function. On the basis of this reclassification, it can be argued that the socio-economic functions (eg. water supply) of the river among the functions of the river have been strongly mobilized in the process of modernization, while the spatial function and ecological function of urban river have been ignored. The Kumho river which flows through Daegu and the adjacent area has made a great contribution to the modem development process of the river basin area, but as a result of a selective development of a specific function of the river, that is the social and economic function, it now suffers from the lack of instream flow and is deprived of its original functions with the water pollution and degradation. Moreover the Daegu region seems no longer possible to develop on the dependence of the river. In order to overcome this kind of social and environmental crisis, this paper is to suggest both some principles and main evaluating indicators to restore the original and comprehensive functions of the river, and important measures to make the co-evolution of the city and the river possible.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.141-157
• /
• 2000

This study is aimed at identifying the socio-economic value of the total area of 23,500ha of paddy field which will be reclaimed in year 2003. In Korea, tidal land reclamation projects has been carried out not only for paddy field expansion to meet national food security but also for national land expansion to cope with the shortage of land supply in implementing urbanization and industrialization. As of end of 1999, 75,738ha of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation projects, the appraisal of the national land expansion value has not been made even though the severe competitiveness of land use in economic development. Agricultural land about 20,000 - 30,000ha per year has been converted to urban and industrial land and the converted areas have been produced higher added value than that of the farm land. Accordingly, farm land expansion equivalent to the converted area have to be reclaimed to cope with the food shortage and security in the future. In relation to the study, demand and supply of rice, the staple food of Korean, has been projected up to year 2025. The study results are as follows: 1. Under the assumption of continuing the present tendencies of rice consumption, population increase, farming practices and farm land conversion, paddy area requirement to meet self sufficiency of rice were forecasted as 136,950ha in 2015, 193,460ha in 2020 and 218,482ha in 2025 respectively. 2. The average converted price of paddy per pyeong in Kimje city, Puna Gun and Gunsan city was estimated at 241,150won and average farm land price was amounted to 63,760won. The differential rent was estimated at 177,400won per pyeong which was used as a criteria for valuation of national land expansion effect of the tidal land reclaimed by Saemangeum project. The total land rent of 23,250ha expanded by tidal land reclamation was amounted to 12,361 billion won. Annual expected value of the expanded national land was estimated at 988.9 billion won considering 8% of annual discount rate in Korea. 3. Tidal land resource for paddy area development is limited comparing with the future requirement of paddy area to cope with self sufficiency of rice consumption. Accordingly farm land conversion to urban and industrial land should be regulated and protected in the sense of sustainable development in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.660-665
• /
• 2002

In Korea, an olive flounder is very popular fish food item. However, due to the increasing human population, the present catches of the olive flounder may not be sufficient to satisfy the present demand. To increase the supply of the olive flounder, aquaculture has been begun. An interest in the aquaculture of the olive flounder has been increased recently because of its characteristics of good growth and high price in the market, However, the productivity of the olive flounder aquaculture depends on economic inputs such as fuels, facilities, and labor. The rapid growths of the olive flounder aquaculture and the concerns about economic and ecological sustainability have focused peoples attention on the aquaculture industry. In this study, an energy systems model was built to simulate the variation of sustainability on the aquaculture of olive flounder, The results of simulation based on calibration data in 1995 show that olive flounder production yield and asset slowly increase to steady state because of the law of supply and demand. The results of simulation based on the variation of oil price show that the more increase the oil price, the more decrease the olive flounder economic yield and asset. Energy sources required for systems determine the sustainability of systems. Conclusionally, the present systems of the olive flounder aquaculture should be transformed to ecological-recycling systems or ecological engineering systems which depend on renewable resources rather than aquaculture systems which depend on fossil fuels, and be harmonized with the fishing fisheries by the sustainable use of renewable resources in the carrying capacity.