• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2011

The deficiency of clean water is a major global concern because all the living creatures rely on the drinkable water for survival. On top of this, abundant of clean water supply is also necessary for household, metropolitan inhabitants, industry, and agriculture. Among many purification processes, advances in low-energy membrane separation technology appear to be the most effective solution for water crisis because membranes have been widely recognized as one of the most direct and feasible approaches for clean water production. The aim of this article is to give an overview of (1) two new emerging membrane technologies for water reuse and desalination by forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), and (2) the molecular engineering and development of highly permeable hollow fiber membranes, with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the main focuses for the aforementioned applications in National University of Singapore (NUS). This article presents the main results of membrane module design, separation performance, membrane characteristics, chemical modification and spinning conditions to produce novel hollow fiber membranes for FO and MD applications. As two potential solutions, MD and FO may be synergistically combined to form a hybrid system as a sustainable alternative technology for fresh water production.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

Purpose - While sustainability is based on the argument that the world's resources are finite and their demand will ultimately surpass supply, entrepreneurship on the other hand argues that there are inherent opportunities to address this through conserving, recycling, switching to more renewable resources and making effective use of available finite resources. Research design, data, and methodology - In response to the lack of scientific information on the outcomes of entrepreneurship in rural Nigeria, this paper surveys the benefits (social, economic and environmental) of women engagement in waste plastic bags recycling in Adamawa State of Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted and data was collected from 26 respondents with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in frequency tables. Results - Results indicated that 21 women have gained employment, who would have remained unemployed; 80.8% of who make profits below 10000 Naira per month and collectively, they recycle 179.3kg of waste polythene bag per month. Conclusions - It was recommended that the women should be further their education; adequate records of costs and sales should be kept; and savings should be encouraged among them.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Natural ventilation is major strategy of 'sustainable building'. It aims to supply fresh air to the indoor, and to remove heat from the indoor during summer. In the latter point of view, natural ventilation can be grouped into two main strategies, daytime ventilation and night cooing. If we take advantage of these two natural ventilation strategies, indoor thermal comfort can be significantly improved. This study focused on grasping the current situation and problem of indoor thermal comfort of the naturally ventilated residential buildings to seek for direction of later studies. Additionally, thermal comfort of residence where the interior blind and exterior insulation were applied was analyzed. It was analyzed that the percentage of the time which satisfy the indoor acceptable operative temperature during summer was 90 ~ 95% and the heat control performance of natural ventilation has a limitation. When the interior blind and exterior insulation were applied, indoor thermal comfort was significantly improved. However, it still need more improvement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2009

The Dual Unit Optimizer 2000 MWe (DUO2000) is put forward as a new design concept for large power nuclear plants to cope with economic and safety challenges facing the $21^{st}$ century green and sustainable energy industry. DUO2000 is home to two nuclear steam supply systems (NSSSs) of the Optimized Power Reactor 1000 MWe (OPR1000)-like pressurized water reactor (PWR) in single containment so as to double the capacity of the plant. The idea behind DUO may as well be extended to combining any number of NSSSs of PWRs or pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), or even boiling water reactors (BWRs). Once proven in water reactors, the technology may even be expanded to gas cooled, liquid metal cooled, and molten salt cooled reactors. With its in-vessel retention external reactor vessel cooling (IVR-ERVC) as severe accident management strategy, DUO can not only put the single most querulous PWR safety issue to an end, but also pave the way to very promising large power capacity while dispensing with the huge redesigning cost for Generation III+ nuclear systems. Five prototypes are presented for the DUO2000, and their respective advantages and drawbacks are considered. The strengths include, but are not necessarily limited to, reducing the cost of construction by decreasing the number of containment buildings from two to one, minimizing the cost of NSSS and control systems by sharing between the dual units, and lessening the maintenance cost by uniting the NSSS, just to name the few. The latent threats are discussed as well.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.952-964
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• 2007

This study is about the design for environment which is central social interest in recent days. This study focused on both experimental designs which convey meanings and practical designs which can be produced within the fashion industry and then influence on the wide range of consumer, human and surrounding environment. The purposes of this study are to categorize national and global fashion designs for environment, to analyze data based on the fashion pipeline from planning to discard, to suggest systematic actions, and to establish fashion design for environment model. Through these processes, this study helps in making fashion designs for environment more understandable, and demonstrates one future direction for using environment as fashion industry's innovative strategy. This study attempts to create business and at the same time suggests design actions based on social belief. The results of this study are following. Fashion designs for environment were categorized by organic fabric, new-to-the-world fabric, reduce, multi-function, reproduce, order-made, recycle, and reuse. The results show that fashion designs for environment have been implemented throughout the fashion pipeline, and applied the concepts of design for environment including green, sustainable slow, and natural design principles. Furthermore, labelling and service from supply side, green purchasing from demand side, and integration from both sides are suggested as company's and society's systematic actions.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Many reports have warned of insufficient water supply in most countries in future and prospected providing safe and clean water become more difficult by lack of access to sustainable drinking water resources. Several facts and figures explained the impact by natural climate change and human activity results in the water scarcity and deterioration. Among many scientific solutions, the seawater desalination using a reverse osmosis membrane, so called SWRO (Seawater Reverse Osmosis) process, has been recognized as one of the most promising alternatives because of its stability and efficiency in producing large amount of drinking water from seawater through desalination by membrane filtration. Recently, in Korea, numerous researches are conducted to develop more productive and cost effective SWRO process for its wide implementation. The objective of this paper is to review the patents concerning SWRO technologies involving the plant engineering, maintenance including pretreatment of seawater and fouling control, module design, and mechanical units development for energy saving. The patents in Korea, U.S., Japan, Europe, and PCT were intensively researched and analyzed to provide the state of the art as well as leading edge technology on SWRO. This information can hopefully suggest meaningful guidelines on future research and development.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.667-683
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• 2015

Since aged water treatment facilities could threaten the sustainable water supply, asset management system has been adopted for their systematic management. Level of Service(LoS) is one of critical components of asset management and could be quantified through benchmark index(BMI). Water supplier could estimate consumer's satisfaction and their performance through BMI to improve the LoS. We developed BMI for water treatment facilities from customer's satisfaction survey. BMI, represented with the Total Service Score(TSS), was assessed with water quality, water pressure, taste and odor, water rate, and service quality with weighing factors. BMI could, further, be used to assist the analysis of the life cycle cost to increase the unit of LoS.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 미래 산림분야의 유망한 장기 일자리를 분석하고, 산림분야 일자리 수요-공급에 따른 유망한 일자리를 제안하는 데 있다. 연구방법으로는 산림분야 일반/전문직업을 도출하기 위해 전문가 델파이 연구 결과와 관련연구 결과를 비교, 분석 하였다. 연구결과 선정된 일자리는 최근 관심이 높아지고 있는 의료 및 복지와 관련된 직업, 산림 자체를 유지 관리 보호하는 직업, 기후변화에 따른 새로운 자원으로써 산림에서 구할 수 있는 유기물을 활용한 자원개발과 관련된 직업 등이었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권A호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2006

Water shortage as well as water control problems including urban flood and drought have led to developing technologies for rainwater utilization in order to provide a sustainable water supply. However, relatively few works have been done to improve the water quality during rainwater utilization. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of rainwater were examined in terms of pollutant concentrations and outflow rate. A experimental rain and roof model($1m{\times}1m$) were produced to evaluate wash-off properties of pollutants. And rainfall intensity were standardized in 10 mm/hr, a experimental model roof catchment surface were coated in $TiO_2$ photocatalyst. Samples of runoff rainwater collected from a experimental model were analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as Turbidity, Suspended Solid, EC. The results show that the first flush of rainwater contains substantial amount of contaminants that potentially pollute the whole rainwater. Surface treatment of roof catchment area using $TiO_2$ photocatalyst allowed a better runoff property of rainwater because of its improved hydrophilicity.

• 경영과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2017

Currently, the SW industry is the center of digital economy and it is very important industry in terms of market scale and ripple effect. Due to the suffering from poor working environment of the SW industry and the disproportion of manpower supply due to the lack of experienced SW manpower, it is hard to create jobs of high quality for the SW professionals who can be applied to various convergence industries. In this study, we try to analyze the benchmarking cases of successful foreign industrial innovative clusters in order to promote sustainable development direction of SW industry and to create high quality SW jobs. First, the comparison criteria are derived from the viewpoint of creation of high quality SW jobs through an analysis of SW environment by using expert FGI (Focus Group Interview) technique. The critical success factors (CSFs) are derived by comparing and analyzing each industrial cluster cases in terms of SW job creation. This article presents the desirable implications of the cluster of SW industry that can generate SW jobs continuously from the viewpoint of ecosystem environment infrastructure. Through this study, we propose a meaningful direction of SW clusters for job creation, and solve the business inconsistency and suggest ways to increase the sustainability of core competence manpower.