• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.577-584
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• 2000

Seismic refraction survey was peformed for 10 lines along NE-SW and NW-SE directions above Nampoong gallery at Makyo-ri, Dogye, Samcheok, Kangwon-do. 48 geophones were laid in line with the interval of 1m, and a 5Kg hammer was used as a source at 5 points for each line. Data processing was done using reciprocal time method, GRM, and traveltime tomography which utilizes wavefront expansion method for forward process and SIRT for inversion. The result shows that the first layer has its lower boundary between 3.49m and 8.88m. The P-wave velocity of the first and the second layer were estimated as 270 360m/s and 1550 1940m/s respectively. When the boundary of the first and second layer is smooth enough and the velocity difference is large enough, GRM has little advantage over reciprocal time method. The result of reciprocal method and traveltime tomography shows consistency. The northeast part of the boundary has syncline structure, which is similar to the topography above. This implies that the collapse of the cavities of Nampoong gallery result in the subsidence of the ground surface. The subsidence is in progress across the Youngdong railroad, therefore a proper reinforcement work is required.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

This study investigated the improvement of safety certification marking method and location marked on temporary equipments in order to guarantee the quality and safety of temporary equipments. The survey was performed for the stakeholder (manufacturers, lessors, and users) to find out the effective way that all stakeholder can agree each other. The main reason which users checked the safety certification making is that the mandatory safety certification marking can prevent the usage of poor and illegal temporary equipments. For the marking method, all stakeholder agreed that a depressed engraving method was an effective and usable displaying method. The opinions about the position of safety certification marking among the users, lessors, and manufacturers did not come into the agreement. The manufacturers preferred the marking position in which the engraving process is easy, but users wanted the conspicuous place such as vertical member. However, it is necessary to continuously study ways to adopt the position preferred by the users.

• 대한지질공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지질공학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.61-73
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• 2002

울산광역시 울주군 두동면 천전리 306번지 일대에 건설되는 대곡댐은 높이 52m, 길이 190m의 표면차수벽형 석괴댐이다. 대곡댐 건설사업과 관련하여 여수로 좌안사면 굴착공사를 시행 중 2000. 7. 23 13:00~7. 24. 04:00 67.0mm의 강우가 있은 후 Sta. No. 1~2, EL. 137~134m 지점에 균열이 발생하였다. 안정대책을 수립하고자 지표지질조사 및 평사투영법에 의한 안정성을 검토하고 굴착 후 예상되는 불안정 요소를 고려하여 사면의 부분적인 추가절취 및 Pre-stress가 가능한 SSL PC Anchoring에 의한 억지공법을 수립, 시공하였다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2004

We have examined the applicability of the triaxial drill-bit VSP method (TAD-VSP) to the geological survey of possible sites for a high-level radioactive waste disposal repository. The seismic energy generated by a drill bit is measured by a downhole multi-component detector, and the resulting signals are processed to image the geological structure deep underground. In order to apply the TAD-VSP method to civil-engineering-scale drilling, we have developed a small but highly sensitive and precise three-component downhole seismic measurement system, and recorded drill-bit signals at a granite quarry. We have successfully imaged discontinuities in the granite, possibly related to fractures, as highly reflective zones. The discontinuities imaged by the TAD-VSP method correlate well with the results of other borehole observations. In conclusion, the TAD-VSP method is usable in geological investigations for civil engineering because the equipment is compact and it is simple to acquire the drill-bit signal.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2021

Panoptic segmentation, which is now widely used in computer vision such as medical image analysis, and autonomous driving, helps understanding an image with holistic view. It identifies each pixel by assigning a unique class ID, and an instance ID. Specifically, it can classify 'thing' from 'stuff', and provide pixel-wise results of semantic prediction and object detection. As a result, it can solve both semantic segmentation and instance segmentation tasks through a unified single model, producing two different contexts for two segmentation tasks. Semantic segmentation task focuses on how to obtain multi-scale features from large receptive field, without losing low-level features. On the other hand, instance segmentation task focuses on how to separate 'thing' from 'stuff' and how to produce the representation of detected objects. With the advances of both segmentation techniques, several panoptic segmentation models have been proposed. Many researchers try to solve discrepancy problems between results of two segmentation branches that can be caused on the boundary of the object. In this survey paper, we will introduce the concept of panoptic segmentation, categorize the existing method into two representative methods and explain how it is operated on two methods: top-down method and bottom-up method. Then, we will analyze the performance of various methods with experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2023

In order to fully reflect variation characteristics of composite concrete dam health state, the monitoring data is applied to diagnose composite concrete dam health state. Composite concrete dam lesion development to wreckage is a precursor, and its health status can be judged. The monitoring data are generally non-linear and unsteady time series, which contain chaotic information that cannot be characterized. Thus, it could generate huge influence for the construction of monitoring models and the formulation of corresponding health diagnostic indicators. This multi-scale diagnosis process is from point to whole. Chaotic characteristics are often contained in the monitoring data. If chaotic characteristics could be extracted for reflecting concrete dam health state and the corresponding diagnostic indicators will be formulated, the theory and method of diagnosing concrete dam health state can be huge improved. Therefore, the chaotic characteristics of monitoring data are considered. And, the extracting method of the chaotic components is studied from monitoring data based on fuzzy dynamic cross-correlation factor method. Finally, a method is proposed for formulating composite concrete dam health state indicators. This method can effectively distinguish chaotic systems from deterministic systems and reflect the health state of concrete dam in service.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_1호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2012

토공작업이 대단위로 이루어지는 단지조성공사 건설현장에서는 매월 공사대금 신청을 위한 기성물량 산출측량을 주기적으로 실시한다. 토공사 기성측량은 RTK-GPS 또는 TS등으로 관측하여 작성한 횡단면도를 전회에 작성한 횡단면도에 중첩하여 금회 시공분에 대한 토공량을 산출하는 방식으로 진행된다. 그러나 기존 방식은 측량비용과 시간이 과다하게 소요되므로 실제 현장에서는 제한된 시간 내에 측량을 완료하기 위하여 모든 경사변환점의 위치를 빠짐없이 관측하기 보다는 측량기술자가 자의적으로 판단하여 기복이 심한 지형만을 선별적으로 관측하게 된다. 따라서 이 경우에는 높은 정확도의 물량이 산출되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 다른 측량기술자가 측량한 성과와도 서로 다른 결과가 초래되어 매 공사대금 신청 시마다 발주자와 원도급자 또는 하도급자 간에 기성물량과 관련한 분쟁으로 이어지는 경우가 흔하게 발생된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 3차원 모바일레이저 시스템을 이용하여 신속하게 토공량을 정확하게 산출할 수 있는 기법을 개발하고 적용실험을 실시하였다. 또한 모바일레이저의 정확도 검증을 위해 스캐닝 된 지형현황자료로부터 검사점을 확인하는 과정에서 저가형 모바일레이저가 지형현황측량에도 적용될 수 있는지의 여부를 판단하기 위한 실험을 부가적으로 수행하였다. 실험결과, 토공량 산출적용실험에서는 종래 방식으로 48시간 이상 소요되었던 횡단측량 외업 시간을 2시간 내로 단축하고 측점간격 또한 3m에서 0.2m이내로 좁혀 고정밀의 토공량 산출측량을 수행할 수 있었다. 또한 지형현황측량 적용실험에서는 위치정확도가 10cm이내인 정밀 지형도를 작성할 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2010

굴절법 탄성파탐사는 직접파와 임계굴절파를 이용하여 지하의 속도구조를 파악하는 지구물리탐사방법이다. GRM은 해석기법 중의 하나로서 수개의 정방향 및 역방향 발파의 주행시간을 이용하여 경사면은 물론 저속도층이나 얇은 층과 같은 숨은 층 하부에 대한 정보까지 제공한다. 이 연구에서는 5~7점 발파가 수행된 후 실내 자료처리 작업이 진행되는 일발적인 조사와 달리, 신축부지의 터파기 과정 및 시추자료에서 해석된 풍화대/기반암의 2층 구조를 대상으로 현장에서 간단히 양단발파 자료만을 가지고 엑셀 기반의 GRM을 적용시켜 풍화대와 기반암의 경계면을 신속히 파악할 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 이 방법의 적용효과와 계산의 신뢰도를 확인하기 위해 정사각과 속도대비 변화에 따른 각 모형에 대한 적용성을 검토한 결과 각각 최대 약 $30^{\circ}C$의 경사와 최대 0.6의 속도대비가 되는 경계면을 해석할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 청주화강암체에 대한 실제 현장탐사에서 해석된 기반암까지의 깊이는 시추자료 및 SPS 검층 자료에서 도출된 연암 상부의 표면과 잘 상관되었다. 실제 현장에서 기반암까지의 깊이를 간편한 엑셀-GRM을 이용하여 신속히 추정할 수 있다는 점에서 기반암의 깊이가 심하게 변하지 않은 좁은 지역에서의 풍화대 조사 및 이에 따른 저비용의 탐사설계에 일정한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2019

Objective: To examine the perceptions and attitudes toward spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting system among community pharmacists and identify factors that influence reporting, by implementing a survey. Methods: A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed online. Request for the survey was posted on the website of pharmacy's billing program, and the survey was conducted for 8 days. We collected the participants' response on their work environment, experience of ADR reporting, and their perception and attitude on the reporting system. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate factors influencing ADR reporting. Results: A total of 382 pharmacists participated in the survey. Significant contributing factors for reporting level were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.96), knowledge of reporting method (OR, 53.56; 95% CI, 9.10-315.41), installation of reporting program (OR, 31.92; 95% CI, 4.16-244.75), and encouragement from the Korean pharmaceutical association (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.11-15.35). Regarding the attitude toward spontaneous ADR reporting system, 'lack of time for reporting' (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.53) and 'complexity of reporting procedure' (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84), were associated with a low likelihood of reporting. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the knowledge of ADR reporting method, installation of the reporting program, and encouragement from the Korean Pharmaceutical Association contribute to active reporting. It is necessary to simplify the reporting method, make the ADR reporting program user-friendly, and provide educational interventions to increase participation in spontaneous reporting by the community pharmacists.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

The 1st Forest Health Management survey was conducted to examine the health of the forests in Korea. However, in order to understand the health of the forests, which account for 63.7% of the total land area in South Korea, it is necessary to comprehensively spatialize the results of the survey beyond the sampling points. In this regard, out of the sample points of the 1st Forest Health Management survey in Gyeongbuk area, 78 spots were selected. For these spots, the species diversity index was selected from the survey sections, and the spatial interpolation method was applied. Inverse distance weighted (IDW), Ordinary Kriging and Ordinary Cokriging were applied as spatial interpolation methods. Ordinary Cokriging was performed by selecting vegetation indices which are highly correlated with species diversity index as a secondary variable. The vegetation indices - Normalized Differential Vegetation Index(NDVI), Leaf Area Index(LAI), Sample Ratio(SR) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI) - were extracted from Landsat 8 OLI. Verification was performed by the spatial interpolation method with Mean Error(ME) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE). As a result, Ordinary Cokriging using SR showed the most accurate result with ME value of 0.0000218 and RMSE value of 0.63983. Ordinary Cokriging using SR was proven to be more accurate than Ordinary Kriging, IDW, using one variable. This indicates that the spatial interpolation method using the vegetation indices is more suitable for spatialization of the biodiversity index sample points of 1st Forest Health Management survey.