• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 2016

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are essential systems for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations in current battlespace. And its importance will be getting extended because of complexity and uncertainty of battlespace. In this study, we forecast the advancement of 96 UAVs during the period of 32 years from 1982 to 2014 using TFDEA. TFDEA is a quantitative technology forecasting method which is characterized as non-parametric and non-statistical mathematical programming. Inman et al. (2006) showed that TFDEA is more accurate in forecasting compared with classical econometrics (e.g. regression). This study got 4.06% point of annual technological rate of change (RoC) for UAVs by applying TFDEA. And most UAVs in the period are inefficient according to the global SOA frontiers. That is because the countries which develop UAVs are in the middle class of technological level, so more than 60% of world UAVs markets are shared by North America and Europe which are advanced countries in terms of technological maturity level. This study could give some insights for UAVs development and its advancement. And also can be used for evaluating the adequacy of Required Operational Capability (ROC) of suggested future systems and managing the progress of Research and Development (R&D).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2005

When tracking a human face in the moving pictures with complex background under irregular lighting conditions, the detected face can be larger including background or smaller including only a part of the face. Even background can be detected as a face area. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new face tracking method using a block difference image and a Kalman estimator. The block difference image allows us to detect even a small motion of a human and the face area is selected using the skin color inside the detected motion area. If the pixels with skin color inside the detected motion area, the boundary of the area is represented by a code sequence using the 8-neighbor window and the head area is detected analysing this code. The pixels in the head area is segmented by colors and the region most similar with the skin color is considered as a face area. The detected face area is represented by a rectangle including the area and its four vertices are used as the states of the Kalman estimator to trace the motion of the face area. It is proved by the experiments that the proposed method increases the accuracy of face detection and reduces the fare detection time significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2016

In the midst of continuing international recession, the rate of maritime traffic and marine leisure markets are consistently growing. The Republic of Korea controls the marine traffic volume through vessel traffic centers and various other management facilities. Nevertheless, the continuous growth and complexity of marine traffic is resulting in repeated occurrences of marine accidents. Recovery is very difficult in cases of human injuries or deaths caused by marine accidents due to its nature, and the scale of marine accidents is also becoming greater with advanced ship building technologies. Passenger ships, oil tankers, and other such vessels used for specific purposes requires a more detailed navigational status surveillance and analysis, and numerous research has been conducted with an objective for monitoring such special purpose vessels. However, the data elements transmitted from the ocean to the shore station are limited to AIS and ARPA. We are implementing IoT ship sensor collection and a syncing system capable of transmitting various ship sensing data to the shore station, and also proposing a Safe Navigation Status Analysis System utilizing the collected data.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2020

Despite growing international cooperation for maintenance of international peace and security, wars continue to occur due to conflicted state interests. Continuing conflicts has advanced development of various weapon systems such as global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. However, with a big increase in the number of civilian casualties caused by the weapon systems development, the international community has also advanced diplomatic efforts to minimize deaths of civilian and military personnel. Therefore, it is essential to observe the principle of discrimination between combatants and non-combatants when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones. Drones have become more capable of distinguishing combatants from non-combatants due to its high-tech prowess. In the operation of drones, any parties involved in combat or the war are responsible for mounting civilian casualties. In addition, it should comply with the principle of proportionality that calls for a balance between results of such action and expected military advantage anticipated from the attack. The rule of proportionality prohibits use of military force which may be expected to cause excessive civilian harm. Drones have been able to track and monitor targets for hours and select the accurate locations of the targets. The aim is to reduce civilian losses and damage to a minimum. Drones meet the standards of Article 51.4 of the Additional Protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1228-1236
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• 2018

Recently, the maritime environment contaminated by the abandoned fishing gears. To solve this problem, there requires systematic management techniques for the fishing gears based on ICT technologies. The existed systems are optionally used by owners, but the systems need to adopt the monitoring and control architecture for integrated national surveillance. To do this, we designed an architecture for effective monitoring and management which collects position and state information using automatic identification buoy (AIB) device, to send the fishing ship, administrator ship, and shore side control center based on the IoT networks. Especially, in this paper, we developed the ENC-based integrated control system for efficient management which provides functions for position indication, state information display and loss alarm of fishing gears. Also, we conduct performance tests for data processing and visualization functions of the system to use a virtual buoy generation module.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

This paper proposes a method to improve the detectable distance by reducing noise to perform a signal processing technique on the received signals. To increase the radar detection range, the noise component of the received signal has to be reduced. The proposed method reduces the noise component by employing two methods. First, the radar signals received with multiple pulses are accumulated. As the number of additions increases, the noise component gradually decreases due to noise randomness. On the other hand, the signal term gradually increases and thus signal to noise ratio increases. Secondly, after converting the accumulated signal into the frequency spectrum, a Least Mean Square (LMS) filter is applied. In the case of the radar received signal, desired signal exists in a specific part and most of the rest is a noise. Therefore, if the LMS filter is applied in the time domain, the noise increases. To prevent this, the LMS filter is applied after converting the received signal into the entire frequency spectrum. The LMS filter output is then transformed into the time domain and then range estimation algorithm is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the noise component by about 25 dB. The experiment was conducted by comparing the proposed results with the conventional results of the radars held by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute for the international space station.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-97
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate our system and consider how the tax rules on corporate reorganization and asset adjustment account can be improved. The scope of this study includes the Korean tax rules on corporate reorganizations, as well as key tax benefits provided by the Special Tax Treatment Control Act. In case of Korea, The relevant regulations and system of taxation respecting the merger has been made the rapid progress in several respects in this situation, there are capable of improvement. This paper suggests improve some problems on tax avoidance abusing incomplete tax law. First, the asset adjustment account is the difficulty that it needs to follow-up during this period of time, as well as the complexity of the accounting and tax adjustments on the practice. If it is permitted to succeed asset-liability as market value, the complexity of asset adjustment account in corporate tax accounting also disappear. Second, in case that controlling shareholders possess more than 20% of merged entity, they could not get the tax deferral until after the time of two years has elapsed. It needs to further alleviate the merged entity ratio than the present level. Finally, after the merger it will be to strengthen the surveillance provisions of five years from the current two years. In addition, continuity of shareholder's requirements and business requirements, it is also necessary to strengthen the requirements of the follow-up provided by a separate regulation.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.191-214
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• 2015

Chinese American Writer, Ha Jin has been writing exclusively about the life in his native Communist China. His stories and poems are almost all about the Chinese people so far. In addition, the distinctive Chinese flavour and the inexorably repressive image of China in his works present an 'Other' to the American culture. Such kind of Chineseness can also be found in Ha Jin's works and his career as a writer. The continued demand for knowledge of China, which is created by China's increasingly important role in the globalized economy, sustains the country's position as an Other for America. In his early four novels, Ha Jin portrays a totally repressive image of Communist China, an image of which functions perfectly as a form of otherness for his American readers. In Ha Jin's portrayal, the Chinese masses are subjected to the Communist authority through its bureaucracy and state-economy mechanism, as well as through the godlike image of Mao Zedong. They are to follow the Communist conscience and subscribe to unity-in-difference. Deviation from the one-party rule is intolerable. In each of the novels, Ha Jin presents a specific system of repression. In In the Pond, confrontation against Party authority is contained by a process of complicity. In Waiting, the Party's power is upheld through a system of surveillance in which people act as agents, resulting in a web of power which paralyses love. The Crazed illustrates a play of power by Party officials which, against the backdrop of the Tiananmen Square Massacre, is full of craze itself, driving people either out of sanity or out of the country. War Trash exposes the Communist power's repression to the extreme by presenting a case of dishonour in those whose life is debased as trash by the Party. The repressive image of China produced in these stories, which span over half a century, makes Ha Jin's China a perfect Other for the West. To sum up, Ha Jin's novels construct a repressive image of China. In his novels, Ha Jin exposes the working of repression in particular systems. Through these systems, he problematizes the notion of personal autonomy for Chinese people and proposes for his western/American readers a solution which eventually turns into a re-presentation of American hegemony.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.322-335
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• 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study is to standardize industry, process, and job within work environment measurement information. Methods: We selected 180 work environment measurement reports on 30 industries from a database monitored from 2014 to 2016 by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Ten industrial hygienists, each with over five years of experience in measurement, conducted a primary standardization of 180 reports. Two professional industrial hygienists with more than 20 years of experience each reviewed and revised the results of the primary standardization. We also examined the validity on the usefulness of the standardized database by the two industrial hygienists. Results: The final standardization results were classified into eight major categories, 23 sub-major categories, 39 minor categories, 53 unit categories and 70 sub-unit categories in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 10th revision. A total of 161 processes were standardized, and there were 148 processes with K2B codes. Standard job was coded into 13 job groups including operator, automobile maintenance, nurse, maintenance, manager, excavating machine operator, forklift driver, radiologist, clinical pathologist, signer, researcher, kitchen assistant, and concrete reinforcement ironworker. Conclusions: Although the standardized information in this study may be only a part of the total information, it can be useful for improvement of the K2B system. Additional research is needed for an ongoing clean-up of data in the K2B and re-calibration and reclassification of standard processes until the future national exposure monitoring system is fully established.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.713-725
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• 2019

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is a technology required for many applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems and Video Surveillance Systems. Most of the studies have studied were about the detection and recognition of license plates on cars, and there is very little about detecting and recognizing license plates on motorbikes. In the case of a car, the license plate is located at the front or rear center of the vehicle and is a straight or slightly sloped license plate. Also, the background of the license plate is mainly monochromatic, and license plate detection and recognition process is less complicated. However since the motorbike is parked by using a kickstand, it is inclined at various angles when parked, so the process of recognizing characters on the motorbike license plate is more complicated. In this paper, we have developed a 2-stage YOLOv2 algorithm to detect the area of a license plate after detection of a motorbike area in order to improve the recognition accuracy of license plate for motorbike data set parked at various angles. In order to increase the detection rate, the size and number of the anchor boxes were adjusted according to the characteristics of the motorbike and license plate. Image warping algorithms were applied after detecting tilted license plates. As a result of simulating the license plate character recognition process, the proposed method had the recognition rate of license plate of 80.23% compared to the recognition rate of the conventional method(YOLOv2 without image warping) of 47.74%. Therefore, the proposed method can increase the recognition of tilted motorbike license plate character by using the adjustment of anchor boxes and the image warping which fit the motorbike license plate.