• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

소장질환을 진단하는데 있어서 캡슐내시경의 유용성을 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 2003년 8월부터 2006년 3월까지 영남대학병원에서 캡슐내시경을 시행한 66명(평균나이: 52.1세, 남/녀: 39/27)의 의무기록과 내시경 기록을 검토하였다. 상부 및 하부 위장관 내시경에서 이상이 발견되지 않아 소장질환을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었으며, 특히 소장출혈의 확인을 위해 시행한 경우가 47명(71.3%)으로 가장 많았다. 이 가운데 궤양 또는 미란이 22예(46.8%), 종양 5예(10.6%), 혈관이형성증 3예(6.4%), 용종 3예(6.4%), 협착이 동반된 궤양 1예(2.1%), 활동성 출혈 1예(2.1%), 정상 소견 12예(25.5%) 등이었다. 이들 가운데 출혈과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되는 병소는 32예(68.1%)였다. 종양이 발견된 5명에서 수술을 하였는데 위장관간질종양이 4예, 림프관종 1예가 진단되었다. 비특이적 복부 증상으로 시행한 경우의 병변발견율은 42.9%(6/14)였는데, 증상과 관련있는 경우는 1예에 불과하였다. 캡슐내시경 검사로 인한 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 결론적으로, 캡슐내시경은 소장질환에 대해 안전하고 비침습적인 검사법이며, 소장출혈에 대해 우수한 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 출혈 이외의 복부증상에 대해서는 더 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.132-143
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on Korean medical research and treatment through analysis of breast cancer patients, who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Korean medicine hospital. Methods: To analyze characteristics of breast cancer patients who visited korean medicine hospital, we searched medical records from January 1, 2016 to May 13, 2019, and 86 breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects are as follows. The average age was $47.65{\pm}9.62years$ and 40's was the most (46.51%). The average height was $159.78{\pm}4.91cm$ and the average weight was $57.29{\pm}9.34kg$. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was $22.40{\pm}3.50kg/m^2$. 2. The stage distribution record indicated stage０ (9.72%), stageI (31.94%), stageII (34.72%), stageIII (20.83%) and stageIV (2.78%). 14 patients with unknown stage were excluded. 3. Before coming to the korean medicine hospital, of the 86 patients, 72 (83.72%) patients received surgical therapy, 55 (63.95%) patients received chemotherapy and 44 (51.16%) patients received radiotherapy. 11 (12.79%) patients chose oriental medicine as their primary treatment option. 4. The mean duration from diagnosis to hospital visit was $13.87{\pm}15.53months$. Among the total 86 patients, 46 (53.49%) patients visited for symptom relief during the follow-up period. 5. The most common symptom was general weakness in 29 (33.72%) patients, followed by hot flash, myalgia, insomnia, digestion disorder, numbness, edema, arthralgia, operation site pain, cold sensation and mastalgia. 6. Among 86 patients, 55 (63.95%) patients received acupuncture and moxibustion together. The most prescribed herbal medicine to subjects was Sibjeondaebo-tang-gamibang and Cheonhye-dan (25%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to provide basic data on the Korean medical approach of breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.933-943
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• 2021

Objective : Percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation is a needle based procedure that requires fluoroscopic image guidance. Consequently, radiation exposure is inevitable for patients, surgeons, and operation room staff. We hypothesize that reducing the production of radiation emission will result in reduced radiation exposure for everyone in the operation room. Research was performed to evaluate reduction of radiation exposure by modifying imaging manner and mode of radiation source. Methods : A total of 170 patients (680 screws) who underwent fusion surgery with PPS fixation from September 2019 to March 2020 were analyzed in this study. Personal dosimeters (Polimaster Ltd.) were worn at the collar outside a lead apron to measure radiation exposure. Patients were assigned to four groups based on imaging manner of fluoroscopy and radiation modification (pulse mode with reduced dose) : continuous use without radiation modification (group 1, n=34), intermittent use without radiation modification (group 2, n=54), continuous use with radiation modification (group 3, n=26), and intermittent use with radiation modification (group 4, n=56). Post hoc Tukey Honest significant difference test was used for individual comparisons of radiation exposure/screw and fluoroscopic time/screw. Results : The average radiation exposure/screw was 71.45±45.75 µSv/screw for group 1, 18.77±11.51 µSv/screw for group 2, 19.58±7.00 µSv/screw for group 3, and 4.26±2.89 µSv/screw for group 4. By changing imaging manner from continuous multiple shot to intermittent single shot, 73.7% radiation reduction was achieved in the no radiation modification groups (groups 1, 2), and 78.2% radiation reduction was achieved in the radiation modification groups (groups 3, 4). Radiation source modification from continuous mode with standard dose to pulse mode with reduced dose resulted in 72.6% radiation reduction in continuous imaging groups (groups 1, 3) and 77.3% radiation reduction in intermittent imaging groups (groups 2, 4). The average radiation exposure/screw was reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from continuous imaging with standard fluoroscopy setting (group 1) to intermittent imaging with modified fluoroscopy setting (group 4). A total of 680 screws were reviewed postoperatively, and 99.3% (675) were evaluated as pedicle breach grade 0 (<2 mm). Conclusion : The average radiation exposure/screw for a spinal surgeon can be reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from real-time imaging with standard dose to intermittent imaging with modified dose. These modifications can be instantly applied to any procedure using fluoroscopic guidance and may reduce the overall radiation exposure of spine surgeons.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2018

혈관종은 내피세포로부터 기원한 양성종양의 일종으로, 수부에서는 드물게 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 62세 여자환자로 우측 2수지 요골측의 통증을 주소로 내원하였으며, 시행한 자기공명영상에서 수지신경을 압박하는 것으로 보이는 혈관종이 의심되었다. 수술을 시행하여 요골측 수지신경 및 수지혈관을 압박하고 있는 혈관종을 확인하였으며, 수지신경 및 혈관을 가능한 보존하기 위하여 미세수술을 통해 혈관종을 제거하였다. 공간점유성 병변에 의한 압박성 신경병증은 드문 일로, 정확한 진단에 어려움이 있으나, 본 증례와 같이 자기공명영상을 통한 술 전 평가와 및 미세수술을 이용한 병변 제거 및 신경 보존을 통하여 신경병성 통증을 성공적으로 호전시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.478-489
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• 2018

슬관절의 골관절염 환자에서 슬관절 전치환술은 통증 경감 및 기능 회복에 도움이 되는 치료법으로 많이 시행되고 있다. 최근 수술 술기 및 과학 기술의 발달로 인하여 내비게이션 장치를 이용하여 슬관절 전치환술 후 하지 정렬과 치환물의 위치 및 정렬을 호전시키려는 노력이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 내비게이션 장치를 이용할 경우 수술 중에 신전, 굴곡 시 내외측 간격, 하지 및 치환물의 정렬에 대하여 실시간 추적이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 고식적인 방법에 비해 추적기 사용에 따른 추가적 절개로 인한 감염 및 골절 등의 합병증 발생 가능성이 있고 수술 시간이 길어지는 단점 및 비용 부담 등이 지적되어 왔다. 지금까지 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으나 임상적 효용성에 대해서는 아직까지 논란이 있다. 하지만 많은 연구들에서 관상면 상에서 역학적 축 내, 외반 $3^{\circ}$이내의 정렬 빈도를 높여주는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이번 종설에서는 내비게이션 장치를 이용한 슬관절 전치환술의 수술 방법 및 수술 시 주의사항, 최근 연구들의 임상적 결과 및 방사선적 결과, 내비게이션 장치의 유용성과 최근 동향에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of our study was to present an abdominal wall closure technique using barbed suture $V-Loc^{TM}$ 90 after single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) and to compare perioperative outcomes with conventional layer by layer abdominal wall closure after SILA. Methods: From March 2014 to July 2016, a retrospective case-control study was conducted for a total of 269 consecutive patients who underwent SILA. According to abdominal wall closure methods, 129 patients were classified into the V-Loc closure group and 140 patients were assigned into the conventional layer by layer closure group. In the V-Loc group, abdominal wall closure was performed from the fascia to the skin with a single thread of unidirectional absorbable barbed suture $V-Loc^{TM}$ 90 2-0 using continuous running suture and reverse overlapping reinforced running technique. Subcutaneous closure and subcuticular suture were performed with the remaining portion of V-Loc. Results: The V-Loc closure group showed shorter total operation time ($40.0{\pm}15.4min$ vs. $44.9{\pm}16.3min$, p=0.013) and abdominal wall cusing continuous running suture and reverse overlapping reinforced running technique. Subcutaneous closure and subcuticular suture were performed with the remaining portion of V-Loc. Results: The V-Loc closure group showed shorter total operation time losure time ($5.5{\pm}0.9min$ vs. $6.5{\pm}0.8min$, p<0.001). Postoperative incision length was significantly shorter in the V-Loc closure group ($1.1{\pm}0.3cm$ vs. $1.8{\pm}0.4cm$, p<0.001). Postoperative wound pain, time to resume diet, postoperative hospital stay, complications including surgical site infection, or mean patient satisfaction score at one month after hospital discharge was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, unidirectional knotless barbed suture is a safe alternative method for abdominal wall closure after SILA. It can save time while providing comparable cosmesis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2021

Objective : Cervical expansive laminoplasty is an effective surgical method to address multilevel cervical spinal stenosis. During surgery, the spinous processes of C2 and C7 are usually preserved to keep the insertion points of the cervical musculature and nuchal ligament intact. In this regard, dome-like laminectomy (undercutting of C7 lamina) instead of laminoplasty is performed on C7 in selected cases. However, resection of the lamina can weaken the C7 lamina, and stress fractures may occur, but this complication has not been characterized in the literature. The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for C7 laminar fracture after C7 dome-like laminectomy and its impact on clinical and radiological outcomes. Methods : Patients who underwent cervical open-door laminoplasty combined with C7 dome-like laminectomy (n=123) were classified according to the presence of C7 laminar fracture. Clinical parameters (neck/arm pain score and neck disability index) and radiologic parameters (C2-7 angle, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis, and C7-T1 angle) were compared between the groups preoperatively and at postoperatively at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Risk factors for complications were evaluated, and a formula estimating C7 fracture risk was suggested. Results : C7 lamina fracture occurred in 32/123 (26%) patients and occurred at the bilateral isthmus in 29 patients and at the spinolaminar junction in three patients. All fractures appeared on X-ray within 3 months postoperatively, but patients did not present any neurological deterioration. The fracture spontaneously healed in 27/32 (84%) patients at 1 year and in 29/32 (91%) at 2 years. During follow-up, clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. However, patients with C7 fractures showed a more lordotic C2-7 angle and kyphotic C7-T1 angle than patients without C7 fractures. C7 fracture was significantly associated with the extent of bone removal. By incorporating significant factors, the probability of C7 laminar fracture could be assessed with the formula 'Risk score = 1.08 × depth (%) + 1.03 × length (%, of the posterior height of C7 vertebral body)', and a cut-off value of 167.9% demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 65.1% (area under the curve, 0.81). Conclusion : C7 laminar fracture can occur after C7 dome-like laminectomy when a substantial amount of lamina is resected. Although C7 fractures may not cause deleterious clinical outcomes, they can lead to an unharmonized cervical curvature. The chance of C7 fracture should be discussed in the shared decision-making process.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2020

마취는 의식의 차단 역할을 하는 주 마취제와 감각, 운동, 반사의 차단을 하는 부 마취제인 근이완제로 구분된다. 깊은 의식의 차단만으로는 심한 자극에 대한 반응을 막을 수 없고, 다량의 진통제만으로는 무의식을 보장할 수 없다. 그러므로 마취는 동시에 두 가지를 모두 만족시켜야 한다. 근 이완제는 흡입 또는 정맥마취제의 투여 용량을 감소시키면서 기관지내 삽입관, 수술 시야 및 수술적 환경(operating conditions)을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 수술 중 기계적 조절 환기(controlled mechanical ventilation) 시 호흡 관리를 위하여 매우 중요하다. 이러한 근이완제는 투여 용량이 과다하면 수술 중 신경 검사가 안 되는 영향을 줄 수 있고, 투여 용량이 부족하게 되면 환자가 수술 중 움직일 수 있어서 근 이완 마취 심도와 수술 중 감시 검사는 밀접한 관계가 있다. 근 이완제를 많이 사용하면, 수술 중 신경생리학적 검사가 원활하게 되지 않는 단점과 수술 이후에 완전히 근 이완효과를 제거하기 어렵다는 단점도 갖고 있다. 수술 중 감시 검사를 하는 수술에서 마취과에서는 어떠한 기준으로 근 이완제를 투여하며 유지하는지에 대하여 국내뿐만 아니라 전 세계적인 동향을 살펴 봄으로써 보다 원활한 수술 중 신경 검사가 되길 바란다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2021

독성거대결장은 염증성 장질환, 감염성 대장염 등에 의해 발생하는 치명적인 합병증이다. 중증도에 따라 장절제부터 사망까지 예후가 나빠 조기 진단과 적절한 치료가 매우 중요한 질환이다. 하지만, 소아에서 그 유병률은 매우 낮으며 염증성 장질환과 같은 기저질환이 없이 발생할 경우 조기진단이 늦어질 수 있다. 기저질환이 없는 12세 남자가 하복부 통증과 발열, 그리고 혈변을 주소로 병원을 방문했다. 항생제 치료에도 불구하고 환자의 증상은 악화되었다. 3병일째 복부 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 횡행결장의 심각한 팽창이 관찰되었고 이를 통해 독성거대결장으로 진단할 수 있었다. 광범위항생제와 함께 정맥 스테로이드 치료를 시행하였으며, 환자의 증상은 호전되었다. 이후 대변 배양 검사에서 Salmonella enteritidis group D가 배양되었으며, 직장 내시경 검사를 통해 염증성 장질환을 배제할 수 있었다. 저자는 독성거대결장을 적절한 영상 검사를 통해 조기 진단하였고, 내과적으로 성공적인 치료를 하여 이에 대한 경험을 공유하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2022

Objective : This study analyzed the risk factors in patients who developed distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) after posterior cervical fusion. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 64 patients, aged ≥18 years (51 and 13 male and female patients, respectively), who underwent single-staged multilevel (3-6 levels) posterior cervical fusion surgery due to multiple cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The surgeries were performed by a single spinal surgeon between January 2012 and December 2017. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, and radiological results were collected. We divided the patients into a DJK group and a non-DJK group according to the presence of DJK and investigated the risk factors by comparing the differences between the two groups. Results : Of the 64 patients, 13 developed DJK. No significant differences in clinical results were observed between the two groups before and immediately after the surgery. At the final follow-up, a higher visual analog score for neck pain was observed in the DJK group compared to the non-DJK group (p<0.01). The DJK group had a significantly lower T1 slope and a significantly higher C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) before surgery compared to the non-DJK group (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Immediately after surgery, the difference between the two groups decreased and no significant difference was observed. However, at the last follow-up, a significantly higher C2-7 SVA was observed in the DJK group (p<0.01). At the last follow up, there is no discrepancy in T1S-CL. In multiple logistic regression analysis, preoperative higher C2-7 SVA and preoperative lower T1 slope were identified as independent risk factors (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). As a result, it was confirmed that DJK occurred along the process of returning to preoperative values. Conclusion : DJK can be considered to be caused by cervical misalignment due to excessive change in the surgical site in patients with low T1 slope and high C2-7 SVA before surgery. This also affects the clinical outcome after surgery. It is recommended to refrain from excessive segmental lordosis changes during multilevel cervical post fusion surgery, especially in patients with a small preoperative T1 slope and a large SVA value.