• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.505-522
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• 2014

While effects of the atmospheric boundary layer flow on engineering infrastructure are more or less known, some local transient winds create difficulties for structures, traffic and human activities. Hence, further research is required to fully elucidate flow characteristics of some of those very unique local winds. In this study, important characteristics of observed vertical velocity profiles along the main wind direction for the gusty Bora wind blowing along the eastern Adriatic coast are presented. Commonly used empirical power-law and the logarithmic-law profiles are compared against unique 3-level high-frequency Bora measurements. The experimental data agree well with the power-law and logarithmic-law approximations. An interesting feature observed is a decrease in the power-law exponent and aerodynamic surface roughness length, and an increase in friction velocity with increasing Bora wind velocity. This indicates an urban-like velocity profile for smaller wind velocities and rural-like velocity profile for larger wind velocities, which is due to a stronger increase in absolute velocity at each of the heights observed as compared to the respective velocity gradient (difference in average velocity among two different heights). The trends observed are similar during both the day and night. The thermal stratification is near neutral due to a strong mechanical mixing. The differences in aerodynamic surface roughness length are negligible for different time averaging periods when using the median. For the friction velocity, the arithmetic mean proved to be independent of the time record length, while for the power-law exponent both the arithmetic mean and the median are not influenced by the time averaging period. Another issue is a large difference in aerodynamic surface roughness length when calculating using the arithmetic mean and the median. This indicates that the more robust median is a more suitable parameter to determine the aerodynamic surface roughness length than the arithmetic mean value. Variations in velocity profiles at the same site during different wind periods are interesting because, in the engineering community, it has been commonly accepted that the aerodynamic characteristics at a particular site remain the same during various wind regimes.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

표면영상유속계는 영상을 이용한 비접촉식 유속계로 최근에는 넓은 범위의 유속 및 유량을 간편하게 측정하기 위해 드론을 이용한 표면유속 측정 연구 또한 수행되고 있다. 하지만 드론을 이용한 표면유속 측정 시 영상 변환 및 화소 당 물리거리 산정을 위해 참조점을 영상에 담아야 하기 때문에 드론의 비행 고도와 촬영 영역에 한계를 가지게 된다. 따라서 드론 영상을 이용한 하천 유속 측정의 강점인 공간적 자유성을 최대한 확보하기 위해 참조점이 필요 없는 표면유속 산정 기법의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 드론의 위치 및 드론 장착 카메라의 제원만을 이용한 무참조점 표면유속 산정 기법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 표면유속 산정 기법의 검증을 위해 안동 하천실험센터에서 표면유속을 산정한 뒤 FlowTracker로 측정한 유속, 기존에 표면유속을 산정하는데 사용하던 참조점을 이용하는 표면유속 산정 기법으로 구한 표면유속과 비교하였다. 비교결과 기존 표면유속 산정 기법으로 구한 유속과는 평균적으로 약 4.70%의 차이를 보였으며, FlowTracker로 측정한 유속과는 평균적으로 약 4.60%의 차이를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 본 연구에서 개발한 기법을 이용하면 비행고도와 촬영 영역, 분석 영역에 구애받지 않고 효과적으로 드론을 이용하여 표면유속을 측정할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

Temperature of board surface was monitored during drying using an IR image measurement system. Boards were water-saturated and dried at the levels of four temperatures and three air velocities. At higher DB the surface temperature increased more steeply and level off period was significantly short. At the DB temperatures of 70, 80, $90^{\circ}C$ the period where the surface temperature was equivalent to WB temperature was constant regardless of air velocity while at $60^{\circ}C$ it decreased as air velocity increased. It was confirmed that a surface transfer coefficient increased with DB temperature. Variation of temperature profile on a wood surface increased with DB temperature and air velocity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1931-1940
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• 1996

The effect of periodic passing wake on the film-coolant flow issuing normally from a flat plate was investigated experimentally. The passing wake was generated by rotating thin circular bars. Depending on the rotational direction the test plate could be simulated as a pressure surface or a suction surface of a gas turbine blade. The phase-averaged velocity components were measured using an X-type hot-wire probe. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and injection hole diameter was 23, 500 and the velocity ratio which is the ratio of film coolant velocity to free-stream velocity was 0.5. The velocity-triangle induced by the wake was similar to that induced by the one generated at the blade trailing edge. The vertical velocity component induced by the passing wake, which approaches to the suction surface and moves away from the pressure surface, played a dominant role in the variation of the flow field. The variation in the phase-averaged velocity on the pressure surface was greater than on the suction surface, but the turbulence kinetic energy variation on the suction surface appeared larger than on the pressure surface.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.672-675
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• 2006

The geostrophic current component is estimated from the sea surface velocity observed by the long-range High-Frequency Ocean Radar (HF radar) system in the upstream of the Kuroshio, by comparing with geostrophic velocity determined from along-track T/P and Jason-1 altimetry data. However, the sea surface velocity of the HF radar (HF velocity) contains not only the geostrophic current but also the ageostrophic current such as tidal current and wind-driven Ekman current. Tidal current component is first extracted by the harmonic analysis of the time series of the HF velocity. Then, the Ekman current is further estimated from daily wind data of IFREMER by applying the least-square method to the residual difference between the HF velocity and the altimetry geostrophic velocity. As a result, the Ekman current in the HF velocity is estimated as 1.32 % of the wind speed and as rotated 45$^{\circ}$ clockwise to the wind direction. These parameters are found almost common in the Kuroshio area and in the Open Ocean. After these corrections, the geostrophic velocity component in the HF velocity agrees well with the altimetry geostrophic velocity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2019

We computed parameters that affect velocity distribution by applying Chiu's two-dimensional velocity distribution equation based on the theory of entropy probability and acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) of Jungmun-stream, Akgeun-stream, and Yeonoe-stream among the nine streams in Jeju Province between July 2011 and June 2015. In addition, velocity and flow were calculated using a surface image velocimeter to evaluate the parameters estimated in the velocity observation section of the streams. The mean error rate of flow based on ADCP velocity data was 16.01% with flow calculated using the conventional depth-averaged velocity conversion factor (0.85), 6.02% with flow calculated using the surface velocity and mean velocity regression factor, and 4.58% with flow calculated using Chiu's two-dimensional velocity distribution equation. If surface velocity by a non-contact velocimeter is calculated as mean velocity, the error rate increases for large streams in the inland areas of Korea. Therefore, flow can be calculated precisely by utilizing the velocity distribution equation that accounts for stream flow characteristics and velocity distribution, instead of the conventional depth-averaged conversion factor (0.85).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2003

It has been researched the relationship between deposition velocity and factors which could affect the deposition phenomena and deposition velocity also has been estimated fer several land-use types. The typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants and so on. The canopy resistance is major contribution to the model's total resistance for O₃. Canopy wetness is also an important factor to calculate deposition velocity. We considered the canopy wetness as canopy water content(CWC) in our Model. But, it is not easy to observe CWC over each land-use types. In this study, we use CWC observed by EMEFS(CANADA Environment Service, 1988) to examine the influence of CWC in estimation of 03 dry deposition velocity(V/sub d/) in summertime. The value of O₃ V/sub d/ range 0.2 ∼ 0.7 cm s/sup -1/ on dry surface and 0.01 ∼ 0.35 cm s/sup -1/ on wet surface in daytime.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 1990

Cauchy의 적분공식을 복소속도(complex velocity)에 적용하여 포텐시얼 유동을 해석하는 복소경계요소법이 개발되었다. 이 결과로 얻어지는 적분방정식은 경계면에서의 접선속도(tangential velocity)와 법선속도(normal velocity)의 함수로 주어진다. 자유수면에서의 접선속도의 시간변화(evolution of tangential velocity)를 수식화하기 위하여 새로운 비선형 동역학적 자유수면경계조건(nonlinear dynamic free surface boundary condition)을 유도하였다. 복소포텐시얼 대신 복소속도를 이용하는 이 방법은 유장내의 특이점(field singularity)을 용이하게 고려할 수 있으며, 수치미분없이 직접 경계면에서의 유속을 해로서 구하게 된다. 그러나 자유수면이 존재하는 문제의 경우에는, 자유수면에서의 동역학적 경계조건을 만족 시키기 위한 계산과정에 접선 벡타의 변화량을 추정하는 것이 포함되게 되어, 계산과정이 다소 복잡하게 된다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

Micro machining can manufacture complex shapes with high accuracy. Especially, this enables wide application of micro technology in various fields. For example, micro channels allow fluid transfer, which is a widely used technology. Therefore, liquidity research of flow in micro channels and micro channel manufacturing with use of various materials and cutting conditions has very important meaning. In this study, to find out correlation between fluid velocity in micro channels and surface roughness, we manufactured micro channels using micro end-mill and dropped ethanol into micro channels. We compared several surface roughness and fluid velocity in micro channels that were created by various processing conditions. Finally, we found out relationship between fluid velocity and surface roughness in micro channels of different materials.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.209-218
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• 2009

In this study, properties of shear wave velocity of core zone in filldams are analyzed. Shear wave velocity is derived using analysis of surface wave method that can be used nondestructively on the surface of filldams. These values are acquired through the tests for the core zone of six filldams by SASW and HWAW methods. Existing 2 more results are added. Shear wave velocity according to the depth and confining pressure are estimated, respectively. These analytical results are compared with the frequently used empirical method by Sawada and Takahashi.