• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.69-74
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• 2000

Roughness of curved surfaces finished with flexible tools depends on the tool/work contact pressure and area. In this study, non-Hertzian closely conforming elastic contact theory is employed to analyze the tool/work contact and to generate a tool path producing a constant pressure at initial contact points. Finishing experiments on curved surfaced are conducted using the tool path. For comparison, curved surface finishing is also performed along the tool path producing a constant tool/work interference depth. It is demonstrated that the tool path of constant contact pressure improves the finished surface roughness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.224-231
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• 2009

Techniques measuring Maxwell displacement current (MDC) and LB films surface measuring technique have been applied to the study of monolayers of polyamic acid containing azobenzene. MDCs was generated from monolayers on the water surface by monolayer compression and expansion. It was generated when the area per molecule was about $103{\AA}^2\;and\;78{\AA}^2$ just before the initial rise of the surface pressure during the 1st and 2nd mixed monolayer compressions cycle, respectively. It was the maximum of MDCs appeared at the molecular area just before the initial rise of surface pressure in compression cycles, and we have found that the increase of aggregations causes the noticeable increase of the surface roughness.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of surface roughness in the mixed lubrication regime of smooth and rough surfaces for roller bearings. The average flow model was adopted for interaction between the flow rheology of the lubricant and the surface roughness. The average Reynolds equation and related flow factor that describes the coupled effects of surface roughness and flow rheology, the viscosity-pressure and density-pressure equations, the elastic deformation equation, and the force balance equation were solved simultaneously. The results showed that the effects of surface roughness on the film thickness and pressure distribution should be considered, especially in elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.132-139
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• 1995

Turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuation exerted on the surface of a structure can give rise to a elastic stress wave on the surface of the structure. The stress wave so called surface wave, will not only propagate along the surface of structure but also penerate into the structure. To reduce the transmission of stress wave into the structure the elastomer layer is usually attactched on the surface of structure. The transfer function, which is defined herein as the ratio of stress waves at the surface and bottom of the elastomer layer, is derved by use of the cylindrical coordinates system. The elastodynamics of the elastomer layer subjected to the turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuation is represented by the simplified one degree-of-freedom model for easy prediction of the stress wave transmission as well as efficient design of the elastomer layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Surface reaction occurs at a certain surface temperature when a catalyst is heated up in a reactive mixture. If homogeneous ignition does not occur, a steady state is observed because the heat produced by the surface reaction is balanced with the heat loss caused by convection, conduction and radiation. The present paper treats the effects of pressure on the surface temperature at the steady state. Hydrogen and oxygen are used as reactants and nitrogen as an inert gas. A spherical platinum catalyst of 1.5 mm in diameter is sustained in the chamber with two wires of 0.1 mm in diameter. As results, there exists a maximum steady temperature at a certain relative hydrogen concentration which increases with total pressure. At the steady state, it can be approximated that the heat release is estimated by the mass transfer considering the effect of natural convection. The experimental results are explained qualitatively by the approximation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.228-236
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• 2024

Low pressure carburizing is an industrially adopted process to modify the mechanical properties of the iron surface. Since acetylene gas is used as a carbon source, it has excellent carbon absorption and uniform carburizing layer compared to other carburizing gas. The superiority of carburizing properties is determined by the selection of process parameters such as acetylene flow rate and process pressure. The the effects of the pressure of acetylene as a carburizing gas on carbon transfer and surface properties of carburized specimen. AISI 4120 steel was carburized using pure acetylene at flow rates of 10, 30 sccm and pressure conditions of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 torr. In order to investigate the carbon behavior according to the acetylene pressure, the mass gain of carbon was measured and the abnormal structure formed on the surface was observed. With the experimental results, Abnormal layers such as soot and cementite were not observed on the surface of the carburized specimens under the 10 sccm condition, and there was no significant difference in carburizing properties according to pressure. On the other hand, as the pressure increased under the condition of 30 sccm, the cementite fraction increased, and soot was formed from 15 torr, reducing the overall hardness gradient.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1931-1940
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• 1996

The effect of periodic passing wake on the film-coolant flow issuing normally from a flat plate was investigated experimentally. The passing wake was generated by rotating thin circular bars. Depending on the rotational direction the test plate could be simulated as a pressure surface or a suction surface of a gas turbine blade. The phase-averaged velocity components were measured using an X-type hot-wire probe. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and injection hole diameter was 23, 500 and the velocity ratio which is the ratio of film coolant velocity to free-stream velocity was 0.5. The velocity-triangle induced by the wake was similar to that induced by the one generated at the blade trailing edge. The vertical velocity component induced by the passing wake, which approaches to the suction surface and moves away from the pressure surface, played a dominant role in the variation of the flow field. The variation in the phase-averaged velocity on the pressure surface was greater than on the suction surface, but the turbulence kinetic energy variation on the suction surface appeared larger than on the pressure surface.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

In this research, we studied the pressure drop affecting on the internal surface roughness and the curvature radius of a U-tube, which is used for the cooling system in PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor). Using ANSYS-FLUENT, a commercial code based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique, we compared a Moody chart with the Darcy friction factor changed by a range of various surface roughness and Reynolds numbers of a straight pipe model. We studied the effect giving variation about a range of various surface roughness and the curvature radius of the full scale U-tube model. The material of the heat transfer tube is Inconel 690 used in the steam generator. We compared the velocity distribution of selected 4 locations, and derived the correlation between the surface roughness and the pressure drop for the U-tube of each representative curvature radius using the linear regression method.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.447-462
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• 2021

High spatial and temporal surface pressure measurements were carried out in the state-of-the-art tornado simulator, the Wind Engineering, Energy and Environment (WindEEE) Dome, to explore the characteristics of stationary and translating tornado-like vortices (TLV) for a wide range of swirl ratios (S=0.21 to 1.03). The translational speed of the TLV and the surface roughness were varied to examine their effects on tornado ground pressures, wandering, and vortex structure. It was found that wandering is more pronounced at low swirl ratios and has a substantial effect on the peak pressure magnitude for stationary TLV (error percentage ≤ 35%). A new method for removing wandering was proposed which is applicable for a wide range of swirl ratios. For translating TLV, the near-surface part lagged behind the top of the vortex, resulting in a tilt of the tornado vertical axis at higher translating speeds. Also, a veering motion of the tornado base towards the left of the direction of the translation was observed. Wandering was less pronounced for higher translation speeds. Increasing the surface roughness caused an analogous effect as lowering the swirl ratio.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1269-1279
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• 2023

Pool boiling experiments are performed within an isolated bubble regime at inclination angles of 0° and 45°. When a bubble grows and departs from the heating surface, the pressure, buoyancy, and surface tension force play important roles. The curvature and base diameter are required to calculate the pressure force, the bubble volume is required to calculate the buoyancy force, and the contact angle and base diameter are required to calculate the surface tension force. The contact angle, base diameter, and volume of the bubbles are evaluated using images captured via a high-speed camera. The surface tension force equation proposed by Fritz is modified with the contact angles obtained in this study. When the bubble grows, the contact angle decreases slowly. However, when the bubble departs, the contact angle rapidly increases owing to necking. At an inclination angle of 0°, the contact angle is calculated as 82.88° at departure. Additionally, the advancing and receding contact angles are calculated as 70.25° and 82.28° at departure, respectively, at an inclination angle of 45°. The dynamic behaviors of bubble growth and departure are discussed with forces by pressure, buoyancy, and surface tension.