• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.510-514
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• 1993

The retention behavior of proteins was investigated by using reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), comparing to the retention behavior of small molecules in RPC. The evaluation was carried out on a SynChropak RP-P($C_{18}$) column with 0.1% aq. TFA-organic solvent modifier such as acetonitrile, isopropanol, and ethanol. The Z value (the number of solvent molecules required to displace the solute from the surface) was a general index for the characterization of protein retention as a function of organic concentration over a range of temperature between 5 and 70$^{\circ}C$. Van't Hoff plots provided the basis for evaluating the enthalpic and entropic changes associated with the interaction between protein and the stationary phase. Z values did not change significantly at the range of temperature showing the consistent ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ values. From these investigation, it was concluded that the retention behavior of proteins in RPC was able to be predicted by the retention parameters applied to small molecules. Furthermore, myoglobin and hemoglobin in RPC as stated above showed a similar retention behavior regardless of their molecular weights.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2022

Al₂O₃ positively charged nanofiltration composite membrane was successfully prepared with aluminate coupling agent (ACA) as modifier, sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) and potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) as initiator and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) as crosslinking monomer. The surface of the membrane before grafting and after polymerization were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. Three factor and three-level orthogonal experiments were designed to explore the optimal conditions for membrane preparation, and the optimal group was successfully prepared. The filtration experiments of different salt solutions were carried out, and the retention molecular weight was determined by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed that the polymerization temperature had the greatest effect on the rejection rate, followed by the reaction time, and the concentration of DMC had the least effect on the rejection rate. The rejection rates of CaCl₂, MgSO₄, NaCl and Na₂SO₄ in the optimal group were 83.8%, 81.3%, 28.1% and 23.6% (average value), respectively. The molecule weight cut-off of 90% (MWCO) of the optimal group was about 460, which belongs to nanofiltration membrane.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 filler-rubber interaction을 향상시키기 위하여 clay의 유기화제로 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)을 사용하여 styrene butadiene rubber(SBR)/organoclay nanocomposite를 라텍스법으로 제조하였다. 컴파운딩시 혼련 온도에 따라 bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide(TESPT)를 첨가하여 APTES에 의해 생성된 hydroxyl group과 TESPT의 ethoxy group 사이에 실란화 반응 정도에 따른 filler-rubber interaction 향상 정도를 연구하기 위하여 X-선 회절법을 이용한 silicates의 층간구조분석, 모폴로지(morphology), 적외선분광법, 팽윤도 및 기계적물성을 평가하였다. XRD분석과 TEM이미지로 관찰한 결과 silicates 층간에 APTES가 삽입된 구조를 형성하였고 고무기질 내에 organoclay의 분산이 잘 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 적외선 분광법을 이용하여 APTES-MMT를 분석한 결과 APTES에 의해 silicates 표면에 다량의 hydroxyl 그룹이 형성되어 TESPT의 ethoxy group과 실란화 반응이 가능하였다. SBR/APTES-MMT 컴파운드에 TESPT를 첨가시 SBR/APTESMMT 컴파운드보다 300% 모듈러스가 약 1.3 배 정도 증가하였다. 이는 APTES의 hydroxyl group과 TESPT의 ethoxy group 사이에 실란화 반응이 이루어져 filler-rubber interaction이 향상된 결과였으며, 컴파운딩시 혼련온도 증가에 따른 모듈러스 향상 효과는 미미하였다. 결과적으로 SBR/APTES-MMT 컴파운드의 경우 고무 기질 내에 silicates의 분산 정도와 가교도 증가에 따라 모듈러스가 증가하였으며, SBR/APTES-MMT 컴파운드에 TESPT를 첨가시 filler-rubber interaction이 향상되어 모듈러스가 더욱 증가하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2012

The purpose of the present work is to investigate the removal characteristics of positively charged filters for capturing negatively charged particles such as bacteria and virus in water. In order to reduce the pressure drop and increase the filtration efficiency, the filter media, modified by charge modifier having positive functional groups, is developed and evaluated. Improved liquid filters have been developed with the modified surface charge to capture and adsorb particles by electrokinetic interaction between the filter surface and particles contained in an aqueous liquid. The positively charged filter media is composed of glass fiber, cellulose and poly-ethylenimine resin for positively charging with the variation of volume ratio. The zeta potential value of the positively charged filter is +37.92 mV at the glass fiber and cellulose content ratio of 50 : 50 with resin content of 100%, while that of the PSL test particle is -23.5 mV at pH 7. The removal efficiency of the electro-positively charged filter is 98% for PSL particles of 0.11 ${\mu}m$, while that of the negatively charged filter is 7%. The positively charged filter media showed the potential to be an effective method for removing fine particles from the contaminated water for liquid filtration.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.400.1-400.1
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• 2016

Interfacial engineering approaches as an efficient strategy for improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs) has attracted considerable attention. Recently, polymer surface modifiers, such as poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), were introduced to produce low WF electrodes and were reported to have good electron selectivity for inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs) without an n-type metal oxide layer. To obtain more efficient solar cells, quantum dots (QDs) are used as effective sensitizers across a broad spectral range from visible to near IR. Additionally, they have the ability to efficiently generate multiple excitons from a single photon via a process called carrier multiplication (CM) or multiple exciton generation (MEG). However, in general, it is very difficult to prepare a bilayer structure with an organic layer and a QD interlayer through a solution process, because most solvents can dissolve and destroy the organic layer and QD interlayer. To present a more effective strategy for surpassing the limitations of traditional methods, we studied and fabricated the highly efficient iPSCs with mono-layered QDs as an effective multi-functional layer, to enhance the quantum yield caused by various effects of QDs monolayer. The mono-layered QDs play the multi-functional role as surface modifier, sub-photosensitizer and electron transport layer. Using this effective approach, we achieve the highest conversion efficiency of ~10.3% resulting from improved interfacial properties and efficient charge transfer, which is verified by various analysis tools.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

Nanosized rutile titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used in inorganic pigments and cosmetics because of its high whiteness and duality. The high quality of the white pigments depends on their surface coating technique via the solgel process. SiO₂ coatings are required to improve the dispersibility, UV-blocking, and whiteness of TiO₂. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is an important coating precursor owing to its ability to control various thicknesses and densities. In addition, we use Na₂SiO₃ (sodium silicate) as a precursor because of its low cost. Compared to TEOS, which controls the pH using a basic catalyst, Na₂SiO₃ controls the pH using an acid catalyst, giving a uniform coating. The coating thickness of TiO₂ is controlled using a surface modifier, cetrimonium bromide, which is used in various applications. The shape and thickness of the nanosized coating layer on TiO₂ are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and the SiO₂ nanoparticle behavior in terms of the before-and-after size distribution is measured using a particle size analyzer. The color measurements of the SiO₂ pigment are performed using UV-visible spectroscopy.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.757-764
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 흑연섬유직물로 이루어진 산화전극의 표면을 하이드로젤 및 하이드로젤과 다중벽탄소나노튜브 복합체를 이용하여 표면을 개질하였다. 개질된 산화전극이 미생물연료전지의 성능향상에 미치는 영향을 회분식 시스템을 이용하여 평가하였으며, 개질하지 않은 흑연섬유직물 및 흑연펠트 산화전극과 비교하였다. 미생물연료전지의 전력밀도는 산화전극 및 환원전극의 성능에 크게 영향을 받았다. 최대전력밀도는 하이드로젤과 다중벽탄소나노튜브 복합체로 흑연섬유직물 표면을 개질한 산화전극을 사용한 경우 $1,162mW/m^2$로서 표면개질을 하지 않은 흑연섬유직물 산환전극을 사용한 미생물연료전지에 비하여 27.7% 향상되었다. 산화전극 표면을 개질에 사용된 하이드로젤과 다중벽탄소나노튜브 복합체는 산화전극 표면의 생물친화도와 전도성을 증가시키고 활성화저항을 크게 감소시킬 수 있는 우수한 표면개질제로 평가되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.594-599
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• 2011

분무열분해 공정을 이용하여 $SrAl_2O_4:Eu$ 녹색 형광체를 제조함에 있어 붕소의 치환, 유기첨가제 및 건조 조절제의 사용에 따른 발광 특성을 조사하였다. Al 자리에 붕소를 치환시켜 줌으로써 결정상은 순수해지고 발광강도는 크게 향상됨을 확인하였다. 휘도 측면에서 붕소의 함량은 약 1 at%로 하는 것이 가장 바람직하였다. 유기첨가제의 함량 변화에 따른 $Sr_{0.9}Al_{1.98}B_{0.02}O_4:Eu_{0.1}$ 형광체의 휘도 변화를 조사한 결과 0.2M을 사용했을 때 가장 높은 휘도를 얻었다. 유기첨가제와 함께 건조 조절제로 DMF 0.5M을 함께 사용함으로써 $Sr_{0.9}Al_{1.98}B_{0.02}O_4:Eu_{0.1}$ 형광체의 휘도는 약 172% 향상되었다. XRD 분석 결과에 의하면 사용한 유기첨가제와 DMF의 사용은 $Sr_{0.9}Al_{1.98}B_{0.02}O_4:Eu_{0.1}$ 형광체의 결정상 변화 없이 결정성을 크게 향상시켰다. 유기 첨가제만을 사용할 경우 형광체의 표면적은 커졌지만 DMF를 함께 사용함으로써 현저히 줄어들었다. 따라서 유기첨가제와 DMF를 동시에 사용하여 합성한 형광체의 휘도가 크게 향상된 것은 결정성 증가와 표면적 감소에 기인한 것이라고 결론지었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.148-148
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• 2015

Over the past several years, Colloidal core/shell type quantum dots lighting-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been developed for the future of optoelectronic applications. An inverted-type quantum-dot light-emitting-diode (QDLED), employing low work function organic material polyethylenimine ethoxylated(PEIE) (<10 nm)[1] modified ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as electron injection and transport layer, was fabricated by all solution processing method, instead of electrode in the device. The PEIE surface modifier incorporated on the top of the ZnO NPs film, facilitates the enhancement of both electorn injection into the CdSe-ZnS QD emissive layer by lowering the workfunction of ZnO from 3.58eV to 2.87eV and charge balance on the QD emitter. In this inverted QDLEDs, blend of poly (9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazolo) and poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] are used as hole transporting layer (HTL) to improve hole transporting property. At the operating voltage of 7.5 V, the QDLED device emitted spectrally orange color lights with high luminance up to 11110 cd/m2, and showed current efficiency of 2.27 cd/A.[2]

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.246.1-246.1
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• 2014

Over the past several years, colloidal core/shell type quantum dots lighting-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been extensively studied and developed for the future of optoelectronic applications. In the work, we fabricate an inverted CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diodes (QDLED). In order to reduce work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for inverted structure, a very thin (<10 nm) polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) is used as surface modifier[1] instead of conventional metal oxide electron injection layer. The PEIE layer substantially reduces the work function of ITO electrodes which is estimated to be 3.08 eV by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, CdSe/ZnS QDs are uniformly distributed and formed by a monolayer on PEIE layer. In this inverted QDLEDs, blend of poly (9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazolo) and poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] are used as hole transporting layer (HTL) to improve hole transporting property. At the operating voltage of 8 V, the QDLED device emitted spectrally orange color lights with high luminance up to 2450 cd/m2, and showed current efficacy of 0.6 cd/A, respectively.