• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.255-256
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• 2002

In this paper, the frictional behavior according to the contact geometry was investigated using a micro-tribotester built inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis for friction was conducted as a method to interpret the contact condition. From the experimental results, it could be concluded that the relative dimensions and distribution of contact asperities on the surface could be predicted by the power spectrum and main frequency in the FFT analysis of the friction signal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.229-230
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• 2002

This paper presents the hot spot behaviors on the rubbing surface of ventilated disk brake by using finite element method. The depth of asperities on the rubbing surface is usually $2-3\;{\mu}m$ so the real contact area is microscopically. Non-uniform contacts between the disk and the pads lead to high local temperatures, which may cause the material degradation, and develops hot spots, thermal cracking, and brake system failures at the end. High contact asperity flash temperatures in rubbing systems, which is strongly related to the hot spot. It was generally known that high temperature over about $700^{\circ}C$ may form martensite on the cast iron which is material for automotive disk brakes. In this paper, the contact stress, temperature distribution and strain have been presented for the specific asperities of real contact area microscopically by using coupled thermal-mechanical analysis technique.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2013

The flow of sewage has been studied for hundreds of years. Reducing drag in pipes can allow sewer to be removed easily and quickly. Drag reduction is not only a macroscale issue. Physical and chemical properties of the nano-scale can affect flow at the macroscopic scale. In this paper the predictability of hydrophobicity at the nano-scale is studied. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate the range of contact angles of water droplets in equilibrium on a pillared graphite surface. It was found that at a pillar height of two graphite layers there was the largest range of contact angles. It is observed that at this height the droplet begins to transition from the Wenzel state to the Cassie-Baxter state. Surfaces with larger pillar heights have much larger contact angles corresponding to a more hydrophobic surface. Silicon dioxide was also simulated in the water droplet. The contaminant slight decreased the contact angle of the water droplet.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

Most machine element, such as gears and bearings, are operated in the mixed lubrication region. Contact between two asperities has an effect on machine life by increasing local pressure. To estimate fatigue life exactly, asperity contact should be considered as a factor of fatigue life because this happening produce friction, abrasion and make flash temperature. In this paper, asperity contact is considered as a result of film breakdown when lubricant pressure is not enough to separate two asperities. Contact pressure is calculated to asperity overlap region and added to lubricant pressure. For this model, numerical procedure is introduced and the result on surface roughness and velocity for wheel bearing is presented. Results of EHL analysis for wheel bearing show that asperity contact is occurred at the edge ofEHL conjunction where has a insufficient lubricant pressure to separate two surface.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.389-395
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• 2002

The surface temperature at the interface of bodies in a sliding contact is one of the most important factors influencing the behavior of machine components. The calculation of the surface temperature at a sliding contact interface has been an interesting and important subject for tribologist. Temperature analyses were usually performed under the consideration contacted two bodies as semi-infinite. But the analysis was difficulty in being applied to finite body and considering the boundary condition. In this study, contact temperature rise of two finite bodies and surfaces due to frictional heating under the rectangular and the circular sliding contact is calculated. Heat partition factor is calculated using semi-infinite solid analysis and the temperature of the finite bodies is calculated using FVM. It will be shown that Most frictional heat in the fore part of contact region for sliding direction is conducted into body that has a moving heat source and the site of the maximum temperature rise moves to the opposite direction of sliding during sliding.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

In this study, the shapes of the wheel and rail are represented by using 3-dimensional surface functions with surface parameters and a 3-dimensional wheel-rail contact analysis is presented. A whole numerical solution of wheel-rail contact at tread and flange including 2-point contacts can be achieved with the proposed numerical algorithm. Kinematic characteristics such as variances of vertical displacement and roll angle, and variance of wheel radius difference for arbitrary yaw and lateral displacement of wheelset, are determined for the KTX wheel-rail pair as an example. The condition of yaw and lateral displacement occurring 2-point contacts to analyze derailment are compared between standard and worn wheels. Differences of contact characteristics between curved and straight rails are also analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2013

This paper proposes an ultrasonic method for measurement of linear and hysteretic interfacial stiffness of contacting surfaces between two steel plates subjected to nominal compression pressure. Interfacial stiffness was evaluated by the reflection and transmission coefficients obtained from three consecutive reflection waves from solid-solid surface using the shear wave. A nonlinear hysteretic spring model was proposed and used to define the quantitative interfacial stiffness of interface with the reflection and transmission coefficients. Acoustic model for 1-D wave propagation across interfaces is developed to formulate the reflection and transmission waves and to determine the linear and nonlinear hysteretic interfacial stiffness. Two identical plates are put together to form a contacting surface and pressed by bolt-fastening to measure interfacial stiffness at different states of contact pressure. It is found from experiment that the linear and hysteretic interfacial stiffness are successfully determined by the reflection and transmission coefficient at the contact surfaces through ultrasonic pulse-echo measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.142-143
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• 2006

Recently, automotive engines have changed to the silent chain system in order to reduce noise and to improve reliability. High contact fatigue strength is needed for the sprockets of silent chain system. As a result, a high-contact-fatigue-strength P/M material was developed using the technology of surface rolling, which densifies the surface layer of sintered parts. It was established that the contact fatigue strength of the developed material was a great improvement over that of the conventionally used sintered material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.616-621
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• 2005

Most machine element, such as gears and bearings, are operated in the mixed lubrication region. Contact between two asperities has an effect on machine life by increasing local pressure. To estimate fatigue lift exactly, asperity contact should be considered as a factor of fatigue liff because this happening produce friction, abrasion and make flash temperature. In this paper, asperity contact is considered as a result of film breakdown when lubricant pressure is not enough to separate two asperities. Contact pressure is calculated to asperity overlap region and added to lubricant pressure. For this model, numerical procedure is introduced and the result on surface roughness and velocity for wheel bearing is presented. Results of EHL analysis for wheel bearing show that asperity contact is occurred at the edge of EHL conjunction where has a insufficient lubricant pressure to separate two surface.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1998

The present study is concerned with the hydrostatic extrusion process of copper-clad aluminium bar to investigate the bonding conditions as well as the basic flow characteristics. Considering the bonding mechanism of bi-metal contact surface as cold pressure welding the normal pressure and the contact surface expansion are selected as process parameters governing the bonding conditions, in this study the critical normal pressure required for the local extrusion-the protrusion of virgin surfaces by the surface expansion at the interface-is obtained using a slip line method and is then used as a criteron for the bonding. A rigid plastic finite element method is used to analyze the steady state extrusion process. The interface profile of bi-metal rod is predicted by tracking the paths of two particles adja-process. The interface profile of bi-metal rod is predicted by tracking the paths of two particles adja-cent to interface surface. The contact surface area ration and the normal pressure along the interface are calculated and compared to the critical normal pressure to check bonding. It is found that the model predictions are generally in good agreement with the experimental observations. The compar-isons of the extrusion pressure and interface profile by the finite element with those by experi-ments are also given.