• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the color stability of composite resins used widely as esthetic restorative material. Surefil(Dentsply, U.S.A.), Esthet X(Dentsply, U.S.A.), Filtek P60(3M, U.S.A.) , Filtek Z250(3M, U.S.A.), Synergy Compact(Coltene, Switzerland), and Synergy Duo(Coltene, Switzerland) were chosen for this study. Thirty six specimens($7mm{\times}2mm$) of each composite resin were fabricated and polished after polymerization. Treatment conditions designed for this study were thermocycling, methylene blue staining, and filtered coffee staining. The color changes before and after treatment were measured by colorimeter(colorimeter, Model Tc-6Fx, Tokyo Denshoku Co.) and analyzed. The followings were drawn from this study: 1. The color changes of Filtek Z250, Surefil, Filtek P60 and Esthet X after thermocycling for 3 weeks were greater than those of the others. 2. The color changes of Surefil and Esthet X after methylene blue stainig and those of Surefil, Filtek Z250 and Filtek P60 after coffee staining were great. 3. The color changes or Synergy Duo and Synergy Compact after thermocycling and coffee staining were relatively lesser than those of other composite resins.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.362-370
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• 2002

During the last two decades, many new filling materials and material groups have been developed. the number of available restoratives has increased dramatically, especially during the last 5 years. Ormocers are a new class of materials which are still under development with regard to dental applications. However, in the chemical literature these materials have been known for a long time and used for producing scratch resistant coatings on plastic spectacle lenses. It is a combination of inorganic and organic materials. 'Ormocer' is an abbreviation for 'Organically Modified Ceramics'. These compounds are also known in the literature as 'Ormosils' (organically modified silicates). Their chemistry is comparable to that of silicones and organic polymers. The purpose of this study was to determine of compressive strength and flexural strength of a ormocer (Admira) and to investigate the effects of water absorption in comparison with three composite resins(Z-100, Tetric Ceram, Surefil) and one compomer(Dyract AP). The following results were obtained ; 1. Admira had the lower compressive strength than Surefil, but no statistically difference with other materials at 1 day(p>0.05). 2. Admira had the lower flexural strength than all other materials at 1 day. From 2 days, Admits showed lower flexural strength than three composite resin(p<0.05). 3. There was not statistically significant difference of compressive and flexural strengths between hybrid composite resin group(Z-100, Tetric Ceram) and Packable resin group(Surefil) for experimental period(30 days)(p>0.05). 4. All five materials showed an increase in compressive and flexural strength till 2 days and showed a decrease from 7 days in water(p<0.05). 5. Each materials had the statistically similar behavior of compressive and flexural strengths over time(p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.442-449
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of cuspal deflection and linear polymerization shrinkage in resin composite and polyacid modified resin composite, For cuspal defelction and shrinkage measurement, Dyract AP, Compoglass F, Z100, Surefil. Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar and Heliomolar HB were used. For measuring polymerization shrinkage, a custom made linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used The amount of shrinkage among materials was compared using One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test at the $95\%$ of confidence level For measuring cuspal deflection of teeth, standardized MOD cavities were prepared in extracted maxillary premolars. After a self-etching adhesive was applied, cavities were bulk filled with one of the felling materials. Fifteen teeth were used for each material. Cuspal deflection was measured by a custom made cuspal-deflection measuring device. One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test were used to determine differences between the materials at the $95\%$ of confidence level, Correlation of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection were analyzed by regression analysis. The amount of polymerization shrinkage from least to greatest was Heliomolar, Surefil < Heliomolar HB < Z100, Synergy Compact < Dyract AP < Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05). The amount of cuspal deflection from least to greatest was Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP (p < 0.05). The amount of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection showed a correlation (p<0.001).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2004

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and cuspal deflection in maxillary premolars resulting from polymerization shrinkage of composites and compomers. Composites and compomers which were used in this study were as follows: Dyract AP, Z100, Surefil. Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, and Compoglass F. For measuring of polymerization shrinkage stress, Stress measuring machine (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used. One-way ANOVA analysis with Duncan's multiple comparison test were used to determine significant differences between the materials. For measuring of cuspal deflection of tooth, MOD cavities were prepared in 10 extracted maxillary premolars. And reduction of intercuspal distance was measured by strain measuring machine (R&B, Daejon, Korea) One-way ANOVA analysis with Turkey test were used to determine significant differences between the materials. Polymerization shrinkage stress is $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$Heliomolar, Z100, Pyramid < Synergy Compact Compoglass F < Dyract AP < Heliomolr HB, surefil$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ (P < 0.05). And cuspal delfelction is $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil. < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ (P < 0.05). Measurements of ploymerization shrinkage stress and those of cuspal deflection of the teeth was different. There is no correlation between polymerization shrinkage stress and cuspal deflection of the teeth(p > 0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2003

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and amount of linear shrinkage of composites and compomers for posterior restoration. For this purpose, linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress were measured. For linear polymerization shrinklage and polymerization stress measurement, custom made Linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) and Stress measuring machine was used (R&B, Daejon, Korea). Compositers and compomers were evaluated: Dyract AP (Dentsply Detrey, Gumbh. German) Z100 (3M Dental Products, St. Paul. USA) Surefil (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, USA) Pyramid (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) Synergy Compact (Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland), Heliomolar (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), and Compoglass (Vivadent Ivoclar/Liechtenstein) were used. 15 measurements were made for each material. Linear polymerization shrinkage or polymerization stress for each material was compared with one way ANOVA with Tukey at 95% levels of confidence. For linear shrinkage: Heliomolar, Surefil

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2003

Ormocer has organic-inorganic compound polymers. One of advantages of ormocer is reduced polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of contraction shrinkage of composite resins and ormocers. Additionally, the time of each material when there is no further change of contraction shrinkage was analysed. Four brands of composite resins (P-60. Surefil, Z-250 and Denfil) and two brands of ormocers (Definite and Admira) were used. 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 60 seconds of curing times were given. Contraction shrinkage of them were measured using a linometer for 80 seconds. The effect of material and curing time to contraction shrinkage at the time of 80 seconds was analysed by two-way ANOVA. The effect of time to contraction shrinkage was analysed by one-way ANOVA and the time when there was no further change of the contraction shrinkage was analysed. The results are as follows: 1. P-60, Definite, Z-250 and Denfil had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 20 seconds, and Surefil and Admira had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 10 seconds. 2. Statistical analysis revealed volumetric shrinkage varied among material (p<0,05). No significant difference of contraction shrinkage among different curing times was found, and there was no effect of interaction between materials and curing times to contraction shrinkage. 3. Definite and Admira showed the statistically same contraction shrinkage with those of Z-250 and P-60. which is higher than that of Surefil and lower than that of Denfil (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1057-1060
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• 2004

In this study, the wear characteristics of five different dental composite resins cured by conventional halogen light and LED light sources were investigated. Five different dental composite resins of Surefil, Z100, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass were worn against a zirconia ceramic ball using a pin-on-disk type wear tester with 15 N contact force in a reciprocal sliding motion with sliding distance of 10 mm/cycle at 1Hz under the room temperature dry condition. The wear variations of dental composite resins were linearly increased as the number of cycles increased. It was observed that the wear resistances of these specimens were in the order of Dyract AP ＆gt; Surefil ＆gt; Compoglass ＆gt; Z100 ＆gt; Fuji II LC. On the morphological observations by SEM, the large crack formation on the sliding track of Fuji II LC specimen was the greatest among all resin composites. Dyract AP showed the least wear with few surface damage. There is no significant difference in wear performance between conventional halogen light curing and light emitting diodes curing sources. It indicates that a light emitting diodes (LED) source can replace a halogen light source as a curing unit for composite resin restorations.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.268-271
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• 2005

In this study, the wear characteristics of five different dental composite resins cured by conventional halogen light and LED light sources were investigated. Five different dental composite resins of Surefil, Z100, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass were worn against a zirconia ceramic ball using a pin-on-disk type wear tester with 15N contact force in a reciprocal sliding motion of sliding distance of 10mm/cycle at 1Hz under the room temperature dry condition. The wear variations of dental composite resins were linearly increased as the number of cycles increased. It was observed that the wear resistances of these specimens were in the order of Dyract AP > Surefil > Compoglass > Z100 > Fuji II LC. On the morphological observations by SEM, the large crack formation on the sliding track of Fuji II LC specimen was the greatest among all resin composites. Dyract AP showed less wear with few surface damage. There is no significant difference in wear performance between conventional halogen light curing and light emitting diodes curing sources. It indicates that a light emitting diodes (LED) source can replace a halogen light source as curing unit for composite resin restorations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.350-354
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• 2004

In this study, the wear characteristics of five different dental composite resins cured by conventional halogen light and LED light sources were investigated. Five different dental composite resins of Surefil, Z100, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass were worn against a zirconia ceramic ball using a pin-on-disk type wear tester with 15 N contact force in a reciprocal sliding motion of sliding distance of 10 mm/cycle at 1Hz under the room temperature dry condition. The wear variations of dental composite resins were linearly increased as the number of cycles increased. It was observed that the wear resistances of these specimens were in the order of Dyract AP > Surefil > Compoglass > Z100 > Fuji II LC. On the morphological observations by SEM, the large crack formation on the sliding track of Fuji ?LC specimen was the greatest among all resin composites. Dyract AP showed less wear with few surface damage. There is no significant difference in wear performance between conventional halogen light curing and light emitting diodes curing sources. It indicates that a light emitting diodes (LED) source can replace a halogen light source as curing unit for composite resin restorations.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 35개의 구치부 2급 와동에 고밀도 구치부 복합레진(Surefil, Caulk, U.S.A.)을 수복하였다. 단일 충전군은 18개 치아의 인접면 와동을 한꺼번에 충전한 후 광중합하였고 분할 충전군은 17개 치아의 인접면 와동을 두 층으로 나누어 충전 및 광중합하였다. 6개월 후의 임상검사 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 기초검사에서 단일 충전군과 분할 충전군 모두 색상조화도(Color match)를 제외한 다른 검사 항목들에서 Alfa로 나타났다. 2. 단일 충전군은 6개월 후 모든 검사(색상 조화도 제외)에서 인접면 접촉도(Proximal contact), 변연부 변색(Marginal discoloration), 술후 과민증(Postoperative sensitivity) 검사에서 소수의 치아가 Bravo, Charlie로 나타났으나 기초 검사와 3개월 후 검사 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 3. 분할 충전군은 6개월 후 시행된 모든 검사(색상 조화도 제외)에서 인접면 접촉도(Proximal contact), 술후 과민증(Postoperative sensitivity) 검사에서 소수의 치아가 Bravo, Charlie로 나타났으나 기초 검사와 6개월후 검시 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 4. 모든 검사항목에서 단일 충전군과 분할 충전군을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 고밀도 구치부 복합레진(Surefil, Caulk, U.S.A)은 색상 재현의 어려움을 제외하고는 여러 평가에서 우수하게 나타났으므로 본 연구 결과를 기준으로 보면 이전 복합레진의 단점이 보완되어 구치부 2급 와동에 적절하게 사용될 수 있다고 사료되며 단일 충전군과 분할 충전군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않으므로 시술 시간을 좀 더 단축시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.