• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.639-652
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• 2023

Stepped earth slopes incorporated with anti-slide piles are widely utilized in landslide disaster preventions. Explicit consideration of the three-dimensional (3D) effect in the slope design warrants producing more realistic solutions. A 3D limit analysis of the stability of pile stabilized stepped slopes is performed in light of the kinematic limit analysis theorem. The influences of seismic excitation and surcharge load are both considered from a kinematic perspective. The upper bound solution to the factor of safety is optimized and compared with published solutions, demonstrating the capability and applicability of the proposed method. Comparative studies are performed with respect to the roles of 3D effect, pile location, pile spacing, seismic and surcharge loads in the safety assessments of stepped slopes. The results demonstrate that the stability of pile reinforced stepped slopes differ with that of single stage slopes dramatically. The optimum pile location lies in the upper portion of the slope around L_x/L = 0.9, but may also lies in the shoulder of the bench. The pile reinforcement reaches 10% universally for a looser pile spacing D_c/d_p = 5.0, and approaches 70% when the pile spacing reaches D_c/d_p = 2.0.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2023

In this study, the ground settlement in backside of retaining wall and the behavior of the retaining wall were analyzed according to the method of groundwater drawdown due to excavation by using two-dimensional(2D) finite element analysis. Numerical analysis was performed by applying 1) fixed groundwater level, 2) constant groundwater drawdown, and 3) transient groundwater drawdown. In addition, the behavior of the retaining wall according to the initial groundwater level, ground conditions, and surcharge pressure in backside of retaining wall was evaluated. Based on the numerical analysis results, it was confirmed that when the groundwater level is at 0.1H from the ground surface (H: Excavation soil height), the wall displacement and ground settlement are not affected by the method of groundwater drawdown, regardless of soil conditions (dense or loose) and surcharge pressure. On the other hand, when the groundwater level is at 0.5H from the ground surface, the method of groundwater drawdown was found to have a significant effect on wall displacement and ground settlement. In this case, the difference in ground settlement presents by up to 4 times depending on the method of groundwater drawdown, and the surcharge load could increase the ground settlement by up to 1.5 times.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1988

도시의 급속한 팽창에 따라 하수 및 우수관리에 대한 문제가 점점 대두되고 있다. 도시내의 가정과 공장 등에서 나오는 오수 및 폐수들은 지하의 하수관거를 통하여 처리장이나 일반하천으로 방출되는데, 합류식 관거의 경우에는 강우로 인한 유출수까지도 이동시키는 역할을 담당하게 된다. 그런데 강우로 인한 유출수는 폐수나 오수처럼 인위적인 비율로 취급될 성질의 것이 아니므로 강우강도의 차이나 강우량에 따라서 가용적을 초과하여 관거내 압력류(surcharge)나 맨홀상부 범람 현상(overflow)을 발생시키게 된다. 따라서 어느 정도의 하수나 우수량은 감당할 수 있지만 장마철과 같이 강도가 높은 강우가 발생할 때에는 관경이 작거나 경사가 완만한 곳으로부터 지표면상으로 하수 및 우수가 동시에 범람되어 지대가 낮은 지역의 침수현상을 흔히 볼 수가 있다. 이번 연구는 하수관거의 이러한 흐름특성(flow characteristic)을 수치해석방법을 이용하여 해석함으로써, 설계된 관거에 있어서 관경 및 관경사등의 보정에 참고자료로서의 가능성을 찾는데 있었다. 본 연구는 유한차분법(finite difference method) 중 4점 음해법(four point implicit method)을 이용하며 Preissmann Slot Concept를 컴퓨터 용량에 제약이 없는 중첩분할법(Overlapping Segment Method)에 도입함으로써 압력류(surcharge) 및 맨홀의 범람 현상을 용이하게 파악할 수 있도록 시도하였다. 가상관망에 대한 모델의 실행결과 각 관거내의 수위 및 유량곡선의 시간적 분포를 통해 Slot의 적용의 실효성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 관거의 입구 및 출구에서의 유량보존이 성립함으로써 모델의 합리성이 제시되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.422-426
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• 2003

Model soil tank tests were conducted in sandy soil to investigate the effect of surcharge strip loads on vertical stress distribution in soil. A total number of 6 tests were performed using one loading plate and two relative density(55%, 65%). The soil was considered as an elastic material, while no friction was allowed between the wall and the soil. Measured stress values were compared to predictions defined by Frohlich, Boussinesq and Westergaard. The comparison of measured values and predictions used the ratio between the soil pressure and load value. Results of this study demonstrated that experimental values were generally larger than predictions. The Frohlich analysis provided the best prediction, while the Boussinesq analysis and Westergaard theory not presented a satisfactional result.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2002

This study has researched the following conclusion to compare to the existing theory and to examine lateral earth pressure, which have measured to add incremental load on sandy soil, and were different in types of compaction by modeling earth pressure test. Lateral earth pressure by incremental load shows that it is increasing at depth forty four centimeters as 2/3H point for wall high, and under 2/3 H point the variation of earth pressure on incremental load is not conspicuous. Therefor, the more a position of surcharge load is close with fixed wall, the more a variation of lateral earth pressure marks considerably. According to relative compaction density of soil, lateral earth pressure turns up larger effective value for layer compaction test to a thickness of thirty three centimeters than layer compaction test to a thickness of twenty centimeters by the roller.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.372-379
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• 2004

The model tests were conducted to assess the behavior characteristics of geogrid reinforced earth walls according to various surcharge loads and reinforcement spacing. The models were built in the box having dimension, 100cm tall, 140cm long, and 100cm wide. The reinforcement used was geogrid(tensile strength 2.26t/m). Decomposed granite soil(ML) was used as a backfill material. The LVDTs were installed on the model retaining walls to obtain the displacements of the facing. In the results, the maximum displacement of facing and tensile strain of geogrid was measured at 0.7H(H is wall height) from the bottom of reinforced wall.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2012

This paper presents the derivation of an analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-${\phi}$ (c = cohesion, ${\phi}$ = angle of shearing resistance) soil backfill on rigid retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion. The derivation uses the pseudo-static approach considering tension cracks in the backfill, a uniform surcharge on the backfill, and horizontal and vertical seismic loadings. The development of an explicit analytical expression for the critical inclination of the failure plane within the soil backfill is described. It is shown that the analytical expression gives the same results for simpler special cases previously reported in the literature.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.743-749
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• 2009

In this study, the field test for suction drain method which does not require a surcharge load and a sealing sheet was performed at west seashore's site constructed by the dredged and reclaimed clay. The improvements of soft ground by suction drain method was analyzed by the results of real-time field measurement, SPT(Standard Penetration Test) and laboratory tests. The results indicated that the soft ground improvement is effective the vertical drain method used with vacuum pressure rather than surcharge load with considering settlements, dissipation of pore water pressure and shear strength.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1997년도 Lecture Notes by Two Distinguished Scholars
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• pp.1.1-16
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• 1997

This lecture summarizes the progress of the development of the different ground improvement techniques in Bangkok Plain and is reviewed in relation to the extensive deep wen pumping and the resulting piezometric drawdown at deeper depths. Case records of test embankments with sand drains, sand wicks and PVD are presented to inustrate the effectiveness of different types of vertical drains with surcharge. The use of prefsbicated drain seems more superior than the other types of sand drain. Construction of test embaxlkment, criteria for PVD selection and relevant laboratory testing techniques are discussed for formulating the specif'ication. Alternative teckuuque, such in, the use of deep chemical mixing is reviewed in terms of the efficiency of cement, lime and flyash as additive. Vacuum pre-loading with surcharge and elctro- osmotic consolidation are also explored as possible tectmiques to improve the engineering properties of soft Bangkok clay.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1157-1166
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• 2008

Critical surcharge value of silt ground polluted with garbage leachate to the dyes $q_{cr}=3.73c_u$ and ultimate bearing capacity value $q_{ult}=8.60c_u$. Lateral flow pressure at polluted silt ground was about $P_{max}$/3 and depth of maximum lateral flow pressure was found at that of H/3 of soft layer thickness(H). Expression of polluted silt ground of fracture baseline at stability control charge by Matsuo Kawamura is $S_v=3.56\exp\{0.51(Y_m/S_v)\}$.