• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.sup1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Background: While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. Methods: After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. Results: The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040-an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309-an increase of -24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Conclusion: Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time, effort, and resources; therefore, by analyzing the various factors affecting the supply of cardiovascular surgeons, an active intervention of policies can be prescribed for the areas that have failed to meet the appropriate market distributions.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation status and supply patterns of lifelong education programs for people with disabilities and to find ways to enhance lifelong education functions of the welfare centers for people with disabilities. For the study, 1,496 lifelong education programs supplied by 104 disability welfare centers nationwide in 2016 were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: First, the lifelong education programs provided by the welfare center for people with disabilities were 1,496, which provided an average of 14.4 programs per institution. According to the education cycle, the most operating program was 3~4 times a month, and the most operating program was more than 7 months by education period. Furthermore adult target program by main target and self management program by operating type were the most. Second, the analysis of the supply patterns of the lifelong education programs for people with disabilities showed that 53.5% of the respondents said that culture and arts education was the most important, followed by the liberal arts education 22.3%, basic literacy education 10.1%, and vocational ability improvement education 9.2% appear. Third, as a result of analyzing the supply patterns of lifelong education programs for people with disabilities, it showed significant difference in the supply patterns of lifelong education programs by metropolitan area, non - metropolitan area, region and urbanization level.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2024

This study examined the current status of the number of ships and marine officers in the coastal shipping in order to successfully solve the problem of the shortage of manpower. Then it forecast the number of costal ships by ship size and the demand of coastal marine officers by applying the crew quota of the Ship Personnel Act. In addition, The supply of manpower was predicted using the Markov model, reflecting the number of turnover and retirements by year, as well as the number of new entrants and incomer from ocean-going shipping. As a result of forecasts, the demand for coastal marine officers is forecast to increase from 6,057 in 2023 to 7,079 in 2030, and the supply is forecast to decrease from 5,771 in 2023 to 5,130 in 2030, showing that the manpower of shortage is worsening. This study analyzed the problem of the shortage of lower-level licensed coastal marine officers and objectively forecast the demand and supply of manpower through quantitative analysis. In order to resolve the manpower shortage, it was proposed to expand the training and supply of 5th and 6th grade low-level licensed coastal marine officers. This study will be able to provide useful data to solve the problem of shortage of manpower for coastal shipping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.42-54
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to grasp problems through a basic survey of actual conditions of the Korean traditional costume industry and to grope a plan to settle the problems. The results were as follows. Operating Status: Rates of the companies' establishment were reduced in 2000s and their sales were also reduced. Status of Goods Development: Korean traditional costume manufacturers and Korean traditional costume textile fabric companies had the highest rate in non-trademark production. Korean traditional costume textile fabric companies and Korean traditional costume rental companies had high rate in self-design. However, Korean traditional costume manufacturers used textile companies' catalogue with the highest rate. Status of Demand and Supply in Human Resources: In human resources needing most, Korean traditional costume manufacturers were tailors, Korean traditional costume textile fBbric companies were salespersons and Korean traditional costume rental companies were designers. Status of Management and Marketing: Causes of difficulties in management were the market slump and the spreading of products made in China. They had a direct publicity through people around mainly. Therefore, it was urgently necessary to introduce special marketing methods. In an investment plan within three years in the future, about 70% did not have an investment plan. Opinions for Promotion of Korean traditional costume: In the government's support policy they wanted, construction of social atmosphere for Korean traditional costume-wearing and Korean traditional costume related educational support had the highest rate. Most of the companies answered that specialized Korean traditional costume agencies were necessary.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.507-516
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating the dietary intakes of Korean adolescents affected by food insecurity, in comparison with those who were food secure. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study used one day 24-hour dietary recall data from the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study subjects consisted of 1,453 adolescents of whom 695 were middle school-aged and 758 were high school-aged. Food security status was assessed using the 18-item questionnaire. Nutrient intake was evaluated in terms of nutrient density, insufficient intake, and excessive intake for selected nutrients, in addition to meeting the appropriate range for total energy intake and energy intakes from carbohydrate, sugar, protein, fat, and saturated fatty acids. Food intake was evaluated in terms of food group servings and dietary diversity score (DDS). RESULTS: The percentages of food insecurity were 11.1% for middle school-aged adolescents and 16.8% for high school-aged adolescents. Food insecure middle school-aged adolescents had higher intake of carbohydrate (P = 0.006) but lower intake of fat (P = 0.010) and saturated fatty acids (P = 0.005) than their food secure counterparts although the intake of both groups was in the recommended ranges. Nutrient intake among high school-aged adolescents was generally similar regardless of food security status. Both food secure and insecure adolescents showed insufficient intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium, and excessive sodium intake. They additionally had low prevalence of meeting appropriate intake ranges for energy, carbohydrate, and sugar. Food intake in terms of food group servings and DDS was also similar regardless of food security status among both age groups, with low intakes of foods from fruit and dairy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Except for a few nutrients among the middle school-aged adolescents, dietary intakes among Korean adolescents did not differ by food security status in this study.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding. Methods: Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study. Results: Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months. Conclusions: Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.701-712
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• 2013

The e-learning industry status survey statistic provides information about the actual conditions of supply and demand of the e-learning industries. NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) has published the annual report of the survey results since 2004. Due to the 9th version of the KSIC (Korean standard industrial classification) revised in 2008, a refinement of the sampling design for the survey becomes necessary, especially that for the business demand sector. This article, based on the 9th revision of the KSIC, constructs a stratification of the target population used for the e-learning industry status survey on the business demand sector. Classification of strata in the business population is based on the industrial type and employment scale of business. Under the stratified population, we design a sampling scheme by using the power allocation method that enables us to satisfy a target coefficient of variation of each industrial stratum. In order to secure an accurate survey results based on the proposed sampling design, we consider the problem of calculating the design weights, derivation of parameter estimators, and formulas of their standard errors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2018

In this paper, a novel PLL has been proposed that reduces the size of the loop filter while suppressing spur by using a VCO with two inputs. Through the stability analysis according to the operating status, the PLL is designed to operate stably after the phase fixing. The capacitor of loop filter usually occupies larger area of PLL. It is a VCO that can reduce the size of the loop filter by increasing the effective capacitance of the capacitor through the simultaneous charge and discharge operation by two charge pumps and has two signals operating in opposite phases. The settling time of set to $80{\mu}s$ approximately by using a LSI(Locking Status Indicator) indicating the phase locking status. The proposed PLL is designed using a supply voltage of 1.8V and a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

Korea, one of the manufacturing-oriented countries, consumes a large amount of metals in various industrial areas, but should depend on import of most of the metals from foreign countries. Also, global metal consumption amounts are increasing in relation to those of the world's reserve and production. Some metals are limitedly produced from only several centuries, which might lead to instability of the future supply of those metals. In addition, when such metals are hazardous, those may result in various environmental troubles with contamination. To resolve those issues, the recovery and the recycling of hazardous but valuable metals in industrial waste are desirable. However, there are overwhelming numbers of the metal types, waste generators, and amounts of wastes containing the metals, so it can be troublesome even to implement a preliminary status analysis to screen proper metals, wastes with the metals, and waste producers. Therefore, this study introduces the valuable metals for Korean industry, announced by public institutions, Also, a flow chart is suggested to facilitate a preliminary status analysis, using the domestic PRTR (Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) database, to screen proper waste producers containing some of hazardous but valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 2022

Through a survey on dietary intake of children and adolescents with brain lesions, the present study aimed to analyze the current status of nutrient intake and examine the effect of high-protein nutrient drink on their nutritional and muscle statuses. The study participants were 90 juvenile participants aged 8-19 years, with brain lesions. The participants were provided with a protein nutrient drink for 12 weeks and a questionnaire survey on dietary intake was performed to analyze the level of nutrient intake before and after ingestion. The physical measurements were taken to determine the improvements in nutrient and muscle statuses. The results showed that, before the intake of protein nutrient drink as a supplement, the participants exhibited lower height, weight, and body mass index than those of the standard levels of healthy individuals, and the level of nutrient intake through diet was lower than those of the required and recommended levels of nutrient intake for Koreans. Conversely, after the intake of protein nutrient drink for 12 weeks, the level of nutrient intake and physical statuses such as weight showed significant improvements. In addition, the muscle status had undergone approximately 10% of change during the intervention with no significant difference. Thus, to ensure an adequate level of nutrient supply to children and adolescents with brain lesions, there is an urgent need to develop a guideline of nutrient intake. The findings in this study are expected to serve as the basic data for such guidelines.