• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

Game theory is a powerful tool for analyzing the Supply chain (SC) with different conflicting elements. Among them, the Stackelberg game is the one in which a player as leader has more power than the other ones as followers. Since in many SC systems one element has, in essence, more power than the others; the Stackelberg game has found many applications in SC studies. In this paper, we apply the Stackelberg game-theoretic approach and the corresponding equilibrium point to formulate and analyze a two echelon VMI SC. Comprehensive computational results on an experimental case are conducted to numerically analyze the performance of VMI system against three groups of critical parameters. Moreover, a critical comparison demonstrates the poorer performance of decentralized VMI system than centralized one. This naturally necessitates designing proper contracts between VMI partners in order to more effectively implement the realistic decentralized system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to contribute to the research flow on the relationship between win-win supportive collaboration and safety, while noting that win-win supportive collaboration affects corporate safety-related factors such as climate, safety prevention, and behavior from the perspective of domestic small and medium-sized logistics companies that have signed contracts with large logistics companies, Methods: Based on responses from 147 small and medium-sized logistics companies, structural equation modeling is performed to examine the relationship among the factors such as supportive collaboration, safety climate, safety prevention, safety behavior. Results: Study results are as follows. Supportive collaboration of large logistics companies influence the formation of a safety climate and safety behavior within logistics SMEs positively. In addition, safety prevention and safety behavior are affected by safety climate in a positive way. Conclusion: Win-Win supportive collaboration is a driving force behind safety management practices in the supply chain leading to safety management performance, so it is necessary to consider it for the growth of the sustainable supply chain.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.551-562
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• 2022

The building production system has been analysed by the dichotomy "employer-contractor" relationship, which failed to take into account of the role and function of multiple stakeholders within the life-cycle supply chain. This is further observed in the current conflict resolution model, which, in my argument, struggles to contribute to industrialize the building production and achieve better efficiency and effectiveness as expected. The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the issues of current programme-based conflict resolution model, and discuss alternative models how they can be modelled and applied to the construction projects. The conclusions of findings are; First, the current model is framed around the contracts and dispute resolutions based on the legal concept of "claimant and respondent" where one party(s) advances a claim once and the other(s) objects, as such it fails to reflect the nature of construction projects where multiple stakeholders are involved concurrently and for a long period of life-cycle of buildings. Second, an alternative is "Six-stakeholders model" which represents the multiple stakeholders and clarifies the flow of obligation-liability-monetary relationships among participants for a long period of life-cycle of buildings. Further, with reference to both historical and recent cases, a reflection and insight into pros and cons of programming method is added, especially as to why this method is considered to have become a mandate of the modern construction management, and how academics and practitioners should deal with it more cautiously and prudently.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

The eventual goal of this paper is to help the generating companies and load-serving entities to choose appropriate relative levels of interconnected system versus bilateral trades while considering risk, and economic performance. In competitive power markets, electricity prices are determined by balance between demand and supply in electric power exchanges or bilateral contracts. The problem formulation is bilateral contract incorporated into Multi-area unit commitment with import/export and tie-line constraints. This proposed method considers maximizing own profit or minimize the operating cost among the generating companies in multi-area system. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated using IEEE system with four areas and experimental results shows that proposed method is reliable, fast and computationally efficient

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2016

Public procurement for innovation (PPI) is a new approach in stimulating innovation, and currently attracts considerable attention from policymakers and academics. This paper discusses the rationales and perspectives of PPI in Vietnam. The rationales for public procurement for innovation policy in Vietnam compared to theoretical and international practice are discussed. From such a comparison, the paper concludes that R&D results-procurement policy in Vietnam shall be understood and implemented as regular PPI both theoretically and practically. However while designing the policy, policymakers must consider the characteristics of the STI system of the country in order to make the policy adaptable to context. The paper identifies that PPI in Vietnam can be implemented with a ready legal framework (intellectual property rights, R&D contracts, standardization, etc.), the prepared capabilities of R&D institutions, businesses, and public agencies in innovation processes, and the provision of a demand-supply network and other procurement incentives.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.35
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• pp.3-38
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• 2007

As we know, D-terms which are constituted with DAF delivered the goods in a border place, DES delivered the goods on board a vessel at a vessel specified port on the buyer's side, DEQ delivered the goods on the quay on the buyer's side as the specified place, DDU and DDP delivered the good at the stipulated place at the agreed place or point, mean arrival contracts. DAF is designed mainly for railway carriage, DES and DEQ are designed mainly for vessel shipment, DDU and DDP are designed mainly for multimodal transportation. In spite of their original purpose of revision. They have in themselves many problems on notable points on application in practice. Therefore, in order to magnify their use, through revision of Incoterms, DAF is restricted to railway carriage, DES and DEQ are restricted to be used only for charter shipments. Particularly transport documents which seller should supply the buyer with under DDU and DDP are documents for ownership and possession rights to the goods loaded when executed in negotiable form like as CIF.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2008

완제품 생산을 위하여 특별한 사양의 커스텀 부품이 필요한 경우 부품 공급자의 공급능력은 완제품 생산자의 생산능력을 제한하는 요소로 작용하여 궁극적으로 완제품 고객 서비스 수준에 큰 영향을 미친다. 완제품 수요가 불확실한 경우 수요 변동에 따른 부품 공급량 증감을 허용하는 커스텀 부품 공급자의 유연성은 완제품 생산자에게 목표 고객 서비스 수준을 만족하기 위한 부품 조달 비용을 절감할 수 있도록 하는 등의 이익을 가져온다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 커스텀 부품 공급 계약의 유연성이 갖는 가치를 완제품 생산자 측면에서 분석하는 방안을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2022

A safe working environment is an important and crucial factor in the operation of a firm, and is also essential for logistics companies in supply chain management. This study confirmed that the safety climate and safety prevention activities have a positive relationship with safety behavior from the perspective of domestic small and medium-sized logistics companies that continue their business relationships by signing contracts with large logistics companies. In addition, the moderating role of regulatory uncertainty and competition uncertainty in the previous positive relationship was empirically examined.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.83-95
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• 2013

Supply chain management for engineering project focuses on planning acquisitions, identifying and choosing the right suppliers and subcontractors, planning and negotiating appropriate contracts, and administering the collaboration with the suppliers and subcontractors. This paper aims to identify the determinants of SCM performance of the suppliers and subcontractors participating in the project-based supply chain. This study proposes the absorptive capacity, fairness of suppliers' evaluation, the quality of collaboration and incentives as major research variables, and collected the survey responses from the suppliers and subcontractors having experiences with major engineering projects. The statistical results indicate that the incentives, absorptive capacity and the quality of collaboration influence SCM performance of suppliers, and that the fairness of suppliers' evaluation has some impact on the incentives and the absorptive capacity. But on the contrary to our expectation, the incentives have no significant impact on the level of absorptive capacity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess dietitian's awareness and performance with regard to food suppliers' selection guidelines and purchase guidelines for the receipt of safe food materials. A questionnaire was administered to 203 dietitians working at an elementary school in Gyeonggi North province, and 190 responses were ultimately returned. Excluding responses with incomplete answers and significant missing data, 161 responses(79.3%) were ultimately utilized for data analysis. We determined that meat/poulty and seafood were purchased mainly by manufacturer's branch(59.8% and 78.3%), and processed food and kimchi were generally purchased by producer's cooperatives(47.7% and 44.9%). 78.3% of the contracts were made via informal purchasing and the frequency of contracts was less than 3 times per year(53.4%). Market studies were conducted individually(54.7%), and by group(47.2%). Dietitian and parents volunteered(50.3%) or dietitians, and school and foodservice staffs(45.3%) participated - together in receiving and inspection. School contracted with $4{\sim}5$(39.1%) and $6{\sim}8$ food suppliers(29.8%). Dietitians(42.3%) or school councils(40.2%) evaluated food suppliers once per semester(60.2%). The majority of dietitians(96.3%) conducted sanitary education for food suppliers once per semester (68.3%). All 13 guidelines which were usually used to evaluate food suppliers were thought to be important(more than 4) based on a 5 scale(1: never important, 5: very important). Among them, 'sanitary storage status of food products(4.85)', 'have a chill car(4.83)' and 'proper control of refrigerator, freezer and storage room(4.81)' were the most crucial guidelines. As dietitians evaluated food supplier's-observances of 13 guidelines, 'have a chill car(4.89)', 'hold medical examination of employees(4.89)' and 'hold liability insurance for handling product(4.80)' were fulfilled relatively well. The guidelines for conducting education for their employees(4.45) and keeping their establishment and equipment sanitary(4.79) were important, but were not observed well(3.39 and 3.37). Additionally, the difference between the importance and the observance score of the 'HACCP certificate' were fairly significant(4.44 and 3.54). Dietitians tended to report that purchasing management related to the removal of foodborne illness factors(4.71), return confirmation(4.50) and purchase specification(4.32) were important. The difference between importance and performance was highest in the process of changing food suppliers when the contracts were violated more than three times. Dietitian's age, education work experience and employment type had no observable effects on how important they considered purchase management to be, but their work experience significantly affected performance in terms of the removal of foodborne illness factors(p<0.05). As supplier management is the most critical factor, it is clearly desirable to educate suppliers at specialized training centers and to supervise suppliers in accordance with the established sanitary guidelines.