• 응용통계연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

크기가 $n \times p$인 자료행렬에서 p개의 변수들과 성격이 다소 다른 $p_s$개의 변수를 같이 고려한 크기가 $n \times (p + p_s)$ 자료행렬이 있다 하자. 전통적 주성성분분석은 성격이 다른 변수들로 인하여 효과적인 결과를 제공하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 이런 점을 개선하기 위해서 성격이 다른 $p_s$개의 변수를 추가변수로 두는 추가적 주성분분석을 소개하려 한다. 이 기법은 전통적 주성분분석의 대수적,기하적인 면을 따른다. 그리고 전통적 주성분분석과 추가적 주성성분분석을 활용한 한국 프로야구의 8개팀과 1982-1992년 동안의 14개의 부문별 기록에 대한 전형적인 자료분석의 한 예를 제시한다. 더불어 두 분석의 결과도 비교하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.37.1-37.11
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• 2021

Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: In-vitro studies evaluating the use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content were searched in four databases in July 2020. Two authors independently screened the studies for eligibility. Data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. Data were meta-analyzed by using random-effects model to compare the effect of the supplementary use (experimental) or not (control) of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria counting reduction, and results from different endodontic protocols were combined. Four studies met the inclusion criteria while 1 study was excluded from the meta-analysis due to its high risk of bias and outlier data. The 3 studies that made it to the meta-analysis had an unclear risk of bias for at least one criterion. Results: No heterogeneity was observed among the results of the studies included in the meta-analysis. The study excluded from the meta-analysis assessing the bacteria counting deep in the dentin demonstrated further bacteria reduction upon the use of the XP-endo Finisher. Conclusions: This systematic review found no evidence supporting the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on further bacteria counting the reduction in the root canal.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

This study examined patterns and determinants of families’supplementary educational investment on children. By supplementary educational investment, it meant the amounts of money spent on children’s education other than regular formal schooling expenses. The data used were from the 「1996 Household Expenditure Survey」conducted by the National Statistical Office. The statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and logistic multiple regression analysis. Results of cluster analysis revealed five different patterns of family supplementary education expense with relatively even proportion of families allocated to each pattern. The five education expenditure patterns were arts education dominant; other education dominant; gymnastics·clerical·computer education dominant; college entrance exam preparation dominant; and private tutoring dominant. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the possibility of being in a pattern affected by various family socioeconomic variables. Important factors affecting there patterns were children’s schooling stage, residence, and mother’s education.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2005

In general, simple correspondence analysis has handled mainly correspondence relations between the row and column categories but can not display the trends of their change over the time. For solving this problem, we will propose DSCA(Dynamic Simple Correspondence Analysis) of transition matrix data using supplementary categories in this study, Moreover, DSCA provides its trend of the change for the future by predicting and displaying trend toward the change from a standard point of time to the next.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2017

다변량 자료에서 변수 수 p가 큰 경우 주성분분석 등 통상적인 차원축소는 효과적이지 못할 수 있다. 효과적인 시각화가 되려면 축소공간의 차원이 2-3 정도이어야 하는데, 관측개체의 잠재적 차원이 이보다 훨씬 큰 경우가 있기 때문이다. 이 논문은 분석변수들을 다수의 잠재 차원에 분할하여 차원축소적 방법으로 탐색하고 부분들의 유기적 관계를 시각화하는 이단계 작업을 제안한다. 분석변수들을 잠재 차원에 분할하는 "잠재변인 변수군집화" 방법으로는 R팩키지 ClustOfVar를 쓰고 개별 변수군집의 시각화를 위해서 주성분분석 행렬도(biplot)를, 개별 변수군집과 외부 잠재변인 또는 외적 변수 간 관계의 시각화를 위해서는 추가변수 끼워넣기(embedding supplementary variables) 기법을 활용한다.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

Degradation data can provide more reliability information than traditional failure-time data, especially products with few or no failures. This paper is concerned with a method of estimating lifetime distribution from field data with supplementary information on degradation data and covariates. When a distribution of degradation rate obtained by follow-up study for a portion of products that survive after-warranty follows a reciprocal-Weibull or lognormal distribution. A time-to-failure distribution of the product follows Weibull or lognormal distribution, respectively. A method of estimating lifetime parameters for this kind of data and their asymptotic properties are studied. Effects of after-warranty report probability, follow-up rate, and proportion of degradation data on pseudo maximum likelihood estimators of these parameters are investigated.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.355-369
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• 2005

마이크로어레이 실험에서는 유전자의 기능과 상호작용의 이해를 돕기 위한 방안으로 유전자발현자료의 시각화방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 행렬도는 유전자와 샘플들을 동시에 그려볼 수 있어서, 유전자 또는 샘플의 군집이나 유전자-샘플간 연관작용을 알아보는데 더욱 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다. 본고에서는 마이크로어레이실험에서 행렬도를 이용하여 유전자의 군집 및 연관성을 알아보는 방법을 소개하고, 추가점기법을 이용하여 새로운 샘플을 분류하는 방법을 제안하였다. Golub et al.(1999)의 백혈병 데이터와 Alizadeh et al. (2000)의 림프구데이터, Ross et al.(2000)의 NCI60 종양조직데이터를 이용하여 유용성을 살펴보았으며, 계층적 군집분석 및 k-평균 군집분석 등 다른 기법을 이용한 결과와 비교하고 이러한 기법을 행렬도와 연계하는 방안을 살펴보았다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to develop supplementary material about the electronic fetal monitoring for nursing students, and to test the effects on electronic fetal monitoring related knowledge and confidence on nursing performance in delivery room. Methods: Totally 58 nursing students were recruited either experimental group (n=30) or a control group (n=28). A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed to test the effects on fetal monitoring related knowledge and confidence on nursing performance in delivery room. The supplementary material about the electronic fetal monitoring was developed based on Analysis, Design, Development, Implement and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Fetal monitoring related knowledge and confidence on nursing performance in delivery room were self-reported by the scales that author developed. Data were collected at pre-test and after the 6-week intervention. Results: There was significant difference in confidence on nursing performance in delivery room between two groups after intervention. Conclusion: These findings suggest the importance of the supplementary material about the electronic fetal monitoring for nursing students to improve confidence on nursing performance in delivery room.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.36.1-36.15
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-file reciprocating system (WaveOne Gold, WOG) and a multi-file rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment, PTUR) in removing canal filling from severely curved canals and to evaluate the possible adjunctive effects of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), the Self-Adjusting File (SAF), and an erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser using microcomputed tomography (µCT). Materials and Methods: Sixty-six curved mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups based on the retreatment technique and then into 3 based on the supplementary method. The residual filling volumes and root canals were evaluated with µCT before and after retreatment, and after the supplementary steps. The data were statistically analyzed with the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of covariance, and factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: PTUR and WOG showed no significant difference in removing filling materials (p > 0.05). The supplementary techniques were significantly more effective than reciprocating or rotary systems only (p < 0.01). The supplementary steps showed no significant differences in canal filling removal effectiveness (p > 0.05), but XPF showed less dentin reduction than the SAF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The supplementary methods significantly decreased the volume of residual filling materials. XPF caused minimal changes in root canal volume and might be preferred for retreatment in curved root canals. Supplementary approaches after retreatment procedures may improve root canal cleanliness.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-391
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• 2021

The vlda is an R (R Development Core team et al., 2011) package which provides functions for visualization of multidimensional longitudinal data. In particular, the R package vlda was developed to assist in producing a plot that more effectively expresses changes over time for two different types (long format and wide format) and uses a consistent calling scheme for longitudinal data. The main features of this package allow us to identify the relationship between categories and objects using an indicator matrix with object information, as well as to cluster objects. The R package vlda can be used to understand trends in observations over time in addition to identifying relative relationships at a simple visualization level. It also offers a new interactive implementation to perform additional interpretation, therefore it is useful for longitudinal data visual analysis. Due to the synergistic relationship between the existing VLDA plot and interactive features, the user is empowered by a refined observe the visual aspects of the VLDA plot layout. Furthermore, it allows the projection of supplementary information (supplementary objects and variables) that often occurs in longitudinal data of graphs. In this study, practical examples are provided to highlight the implemented methods of real applications.