• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2004

The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) of fish feed additives (Hanbangchun and Olyukchun) utilizing effective microorganisms and herb medicine on activity of liver function were examined in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Moreover, we investigated the characteristics of the additives. Total number of microorganisms (Lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Photosynthetic bacteria and Azotobactor) in the additives was 5.6${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Hanbangchun and 3.0${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Olyukchun. Levels of three typical pathological microorgamisms (Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus sp.) in moist pellets (MP) were significantly decreased by the additives in a concentration-dependent way. Hepatosomatic index of fish in the 0.3% group was significantly increased. Total serum protein was increased in all the groups containing additives, but the protein content in liver was higher in the control group. Higher activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase which are involved in physiological defense mechanisms were found in the dietary groups containing 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively. These results suggest that the additives, Hanbangchun and Olyukchun, can increase tolerance of olive flounder against stress and hypoxic conditions by increasing activities of body antioxidant enzymes.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1991

The present study was conducted to assess the possible contribution of arachidonic acid to generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and myocardial damage in ischemic-reperfused heart. Langendorff preparations of isolated rat heart were made ischemic by hypoperfusion (0.5 ml/min) for 45 min, and then followed by normal oxygenated reperfusion (7 ml/min). The generation of superoxide anion was estimated by measuring the SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction. The myocardial cellular damage was observed by measuring LDH released into the coronary effluent. Oxygenated reperfusion following a period of ischemia produced superoxide anion, which was inhibited by both indomethacin (60 nmole/ml) and ibuprofen $(30\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Sodium arachidonate $(10^{-7}-10^{-2}{\mu}g/ml)$ administered during the period of oxygenated reperfusion stimulated superoxide anion production dose-dependently. The rate of arachidonate-induced superoxide generation was markedly inhibited by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, and by eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a substrate inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism. The release of LDH was increased by Na arachidonate and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The release of LDH induced by arachidonic acid was also inhibited by indomethacin, NDGA and ETYA. In conclusion, the present result suggests that arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in the production of reactive oxygen metabolite and plays a contributory role in the genesis of reperfusion injuy of myocardium.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

To analyze the correlation between the rusty root and the antiokidative activity in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) roots, the levels of antioxidative activity in various tissues of healthy and rusty roots. The superoxide dismutase activity in rusty roots (126.9 units/mg protein) was approximately 3.5 times higher than that in healthy roots. The catalase activity in rusty roots was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in healthy roots, whereas the peroxidase activity showed a slight low level in msty roots. The 1.1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity in rusty roots was approximately 2.0 times higher than that in healthy roots. The total ascorbate content in healthy roots was 166~240 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g fr. wt. depending on the tissues. Interestingly, the oxidized dehydroascorbate (DHA) content occupied more than 80% in total ascorbate content. The total ascorbate content in rusty roots was a similar level with healthy roots, but the reduced ascorbate content was 3.5~7.5 times higher than that of the healthy roots. The total glutathione content of the epidermis, cortex and stele tissues in 겨sty roots was 7.3, 4.8, 1.2 times higher than the healthy tissues, respectively. The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) showed a similar fluctuation of total glutathione content in 겨sty roots. These results indicate that the high antioxidative activity in rusty roots may involve in overcoming the oxidative stress derived from environmental stresses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2010

Column chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Hibiscus manihot led to the isolation of four compounds. Their structures were characterized to be hentriacontane (1), palmitic acid (2), daucosterol (3) and 3-dihydrocaffeonyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (4) by spectroscopic methods. The compounds (1~4) were for the first time reported from this plant. The solvent fractions were tested for their antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the change of antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and variation of blood physiology in olive flounder (Paralyticus olivaceus) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Blood parameters were measured 1, 3 and 5 hours after H2O2 treatment with 0 (control), 100, 300 and 500 ppm for 1 hr. The value of hematocrit was decreased significantly dependently on treatment concentrate and elapsed time in the treatment of H2O2. Hemoglobin concentration in the test groups were lower than that of the control group. Red blood cell value in the test groups were significantly lower compared to that of the control group, but recovered to the level of the control group after 5 hr. Protein concentration was significantly lower compared to that of the control group at 0 and 1 hr, but recovered after 3 hr in 500 ppm treatment group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were observed to be increased. Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) was significantly increased compared to that of control group in all of the test groups. HSP70 mRNA groups was highly expressed in 500 ppm treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.497-517
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• 1995

The cells associated with normal defense mechanism in inflammation release free oxygen radicals, hydroxy radicals, and various protease, all of which can damage the surrounding cells(fibroblasts) and matrix molecules(collagen). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of "scavenger" enzyme, superoxide dismutase(SOD). to periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Human PDL cells were cultured from the teeth extracted for non-periodontal reason. Cultured PDL cells in vitro were treated with SOD and LPS according to dosage and culture times. Cellular activity was exaimed by Microtitration(MTT) assay. The quantitative expression of cellular proliferation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), collagen type I and fibronectin by indirect immunocytochemically stain in PDL cells were done. The results were as follows: 1. As only SOD treated group at 2 and 3 days, PDL cell activity was significantly increased at more than 150U(P<0.05). 2. When LPS(0.5, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(more than 150U) were added together, it was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 days(P<0.05). 3. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150, 300U) were added together, PCNA index was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 and 3 days(P<0.05). 4. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150U) were added together, collagen type I was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). 5.When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(300U) were added together, fibronectin was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). On the above the results, the SOD in association with collagen type I, fibonectin, and PCNA may afford biological protection to oxy-radicals that were typically liberated during normal inflammatory response. Thus, the exogenous application of SOD may be effective in sthe treatment of the localized breakdown associated with chronic periodontal disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

Sphingomonas sp. KS 301, which was isolated from oil contaminated soil, was shown to have five different SODs (SODI, II, III, IV, V) which can be separated by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and SOD III was finally purified in this study by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, Superose 12 gel filtration and Uno-Q1 ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of SOD III was 23 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and the apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 71 kDa by Superose-12 gel filtration chromatography. These data suggest that the purified SOD consists of at least two subunits. The specific activity of the SOD III was higher than Mn type or Fe type SOD of Escherichia coli by 5 fold. To determine the type of SOD III, inhibitory effects of $NaN_{3},\;H_{2}O_{2},\;KCN$ were examined. 10 mM $NaN_{3}$ was able to inhibit 56% of the SOD III activity, which indicates that this SOD is Mn type. The optimum pH of the SOD III was 7.0 and the optimum temperature was $20^{\circ}C$. N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified SOD III was most similar to those of Psudomonase ovalis and Vibrio cholerae among bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 1994

Screening was performed on edible natural sources to examine superoxide radical scavenging activities by using the method of superoxide dismutase assay. Among 47 kinds of samples, the extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris showed a potent superoxide radical scavenging activity of 11.6 unit / mg solid and was selected for further studies. In order to select optimal extraction solvent system, Cappella bursa-pastoris was extracted with various solvents and the electron donating abilities and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid were measured. Among them, the ethanol extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris possessed the highest level of activities. The ethanol extract of Cappella bursa-pastoris was found to have an inhibitory effect on autoxidation of soybean oil at 5$0^{\circ}C$ from peroxide value, conjugated diene value and refractive index. In the soybean oil containing 0.2% of ethanol extract, induction period was increased 2 times in comparison with control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the acute phase response on the performance and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in liver and erythrocyte of broiler chicks fed dietary krill meals A and B in experiment 1 and krill meal A in experiment 2. The experimental diets are basal diet based on yellow corn and soybean meal and diets substituted 2.0% of krill meal A or B with soybean meal of the basal diet, respectively. Day-old birds fed on the experimental diets and the acute phase response(immunological stress) was activated in the birds on 8-day of age by alternate day injection i.p. with 3 doses the Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in saline. The values during the acute phase response were compared with those controls injected with saline. The performance; daily gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were different between dietary krill meal A and B in birds during the acute phase response and in the control. The acute phase response increased relative liver and spleen weights. Recovery of birds from the immunological stress was different between krill meals. Dietary krill meals increased activities of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD in erythrocyte cytosols during the actute phase response. Dietary krill meals did not affect the PHA-p response. The results indicated that the dietary krill meals may accentuate oxidative stress during the acute phase response.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.270-275
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• 2005

Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are metalloenzymes that convert $O_2^-\;to\;H_2O_2$. Rehmannia glutinosa is highly tolerant to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. The primary objective of this study was to characterize regulation of SOD gene expression in R. glutinosa in response to oxidative stresses and hormones. A full-length putative SOD clone (RgCu-ZnSOD1) was isolated from the leaf cDNA library of R. glutinosa using an expressed sequence tag clone as a probe. RgCu-ZnSOD1 cDNA is 777 bp in length and contains an open reading frame for a polypeptide consisted of 152 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the clone shows highest sequence similarity to the cytosolic Cu-ZnSODs. The two to three major bands with several minor ones on the Southern blots indicate that RgCu-ZnSOD1 is a member of a small multi-gene family. RgCuZnSOD1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the leaf, flower and root. The expression of RgCu-ZnSOD1 mRNA was increased about 20% by wounding and paraquat, but decreased over 50% by ethylene and $GA_3$. This result indicates that the RgCu-ZnSOD1 expression is regulated differentially by different stresses and phytohormones at the transcription level. The RgCu-ZnSOD1 sequence and information on its regulation will be useful in investigating the role of SOD in the paraquat tolerance of R. glutinosa.