• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.407-413
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• 2019

Using 3D printing technology, we created a biomimetic water strider robot that can monitor environments. We found ways to increase the bearing capacity of the fluid-driven water strider robot by conducting experiments then comparing with more stable robots. The controller of the robot is based on Arduino, and can be controlled wirelessly with a Bluetooth module. The speed of the robot is 7.37 cm/s, and the bearing capacity is 29 g. A lithium polymer battery that can be charged with a solar cell was used as a power source, and both the charging and driving times were also explored.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.598-601
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• 2014

The effects of process parameters for the formation of polypropylene film such as the polypropylene concentration in the solution, drying temperature for coating film, and variation of nano-silica content on the surface structure and property of polypropylene film have been studied. A super-hydrophobic polypropylene film with a maximum contact angle of $154^{\circ}$ was obtained at the condition of a polypropylene concentration of 30 mg/mL, a drying temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, a drying pressure of 93 mtorr for 90 min. The increase of a drying temperature reduced the contact angle by enhancing the surface smoothness of the film. The increase of nano-silica content in the composite film composed of polypropylene and silica changed the surface shape from microporous to microglobular, which led to increasing the contact angle and showed the super-hydrophobic surface property.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.163-166
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• 2018

Dip-pen nanolithography(DPN) is an atomic force microscope (AFM) based method of generating nano- or micro-patterns. This technique has been used to transfer various ink materials on the substrate through water meniscus formed between AFM tip and the substrate surface. In this study, the heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane (HDFDTMS) ink materials were coated on the pre-coated AFM tip surface with the HDFDTMS molecules. When the tip brought into contact with the hydroxyl-functionalized silicon surface, HDFDTMS ink molecules have been successfully transported from the tip onto the surface via water meniscus. The created array and passivation area showed stable structures on the surface, and the transport of ink materials from the AFM tip to the surface followed linear increase in pattern size with contact time.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.639-643
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• 2014

Hydrophilic $SiO_2$ layers were obtained by the atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment. Superhydrophobic $SiO_2$ layers were first deposited by the electrospray deposition method. The electrospunable solution that was prepared based on the solgel method was sprayed on Si (100) substrates. The surface of the electrosprayed $SiO_2$ layers consisted of the agglomeration of nano-sized grains, which led to a very high roughness and revealed a very high contact angle to water droplets over $162^{\circ}$. After having been exposed to the atmospheric $Ar/O_2$ plasma, the observed superhydrophobicity of the $SiO_2$ layers were greatly changed: a dramatic variation of the water contact angle from $162^{\circ}$ to $3^{\circ}$, namely realization of superhydrophillicity. Interestingly, the surface microstructure was almost preserved. According to the XPS analysis, it is more likely that thanks to the plasma exposure, the surface of $SiO_2$ layers will be cleaned in terms of organic species that are hydrophobic-inducing, consequently leading to the hydrophilic nature observed for the plasma-exposed $SiO_2$ layers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2014

Memristor devices are one of the most promising candidate approaches to next-generation memory technologies. Memristive switching phenomena usually rely on repeated electrical resistive switching between non-volatile resistance states in an active material under the application of an electrical stimulus, such as a voltage or current. Recent reports have explored the use of variety of external operating parameters, such as the modulation of an applied magnetic field, temperature, or illumination conditions to activate changes in the memristive switching behaviors. Among these possible choices of signal controlling factors of memristor, photon is particularly attractive because photonic signals are not only easier to reach directly over long distances than electrical signal, but they also efficiently manage the interactions between logic devices without any signal interference. Furthermore, due to the inherent wave characteristics of photons, the facile manipulation of the light ray enables incident light angle controlled memristive switching. So that, in the tautological sense, device orienting position with regard to a photon source determines the occurrence of memristive switching as well. To demonstrate this position controlled memory device functionality, we have fabricated a metal-semiconductor-metal memristive switching nanodevice using ZnO nanorods. Superhydrophobicity employed in this memristor gives rise to illumination direction selectivity as an extra controlling parameter which is important feature in emerging. When light irradiates from a point source in water to the surface treated device, refraction of light ray takes place at the water/air interface because of the optical density differences in two media (water/air). When incident light travels through a higher refractive index medium (water; n=1.33) to lower one (air; n=1), a total reflection occurs for incidence angles over the critical value. Thus, when we watch the submerged NW arrays at the view angles over the critical angle, a mirror-like surface is observed due to the presence of air pocket layer. From this processes, the reversible switching characteristics were verified by modulating the light incident angle between the resistor and memristor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2012

The exterior structures of natural organisms have continuously evolved by controlling wettability, such as the Namib Desert beetle, whose back has hydrophilic/hydrophobic contrast for water harvesting by mist condensation in dry desert environments, and some plant leaves that have hierarchical micro/nanostructures to collect or repel liquid water. In this work, we have provided a method for wettability contrast on metals by both nano-flake or needle patterns and tuning of the surface energy. Metals including steel alloys and aluminum were provided with hierarchical micro/nanostructures of metaloxides induced by fluorination and a subsequent catalytic reaction of fluorine ions on metal surfaces in water with various ranges from room to boiling temperature of water. Then, a hydrophobic material was deposited on the structured surfaces, rendering superhydrophobicity. Plasma oxidization induces the formation of superhydrophilic surfaces on selective regions surrounded by superhydrophobic surfaces. We show that wettability contrast surfaces align liquid water within patterned hydrophilic regions during the condensation process. Furthermore, this method could have a greater potential to align other liquids or living cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2013

최근, 자연의 기능성 표면을 모사하여 우리 생활에 응용하기 위한 연구가 활발하다. 초-발수 특성을 가지는 대표적인 예인 연꽃잎은 마이크로-나노 크기의 거친 미세돌기(papillae)를 가지고 있으며 그 위에 낮은 표면 에너지를 가지는 왁스(wax)가 발달 되어 항상 깨끗한 상태를 유지한다. 본 실험에서는 이를 모사하여 RIE (Reactive Ion Etching)방법을 이용하여 기판인 Poly silicon wafer를 Sf6가스를 사용하여 Metal mash로 거칠기를 만들어 주었고, RF-magnetron sputtering 장치를 사용하여 $6{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr의 진공도에서 낮은 표면에너지를 가지는 PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)를 증착하여 표면 구조와 발수특성에 대하여 조사하였다. SSME(Surface shape measurement equipment)측정결과 0.24~0.36 um RSa 값이 측정되었고, 12 uL의 Di-water로 접촉각을 측정 한 결과 RIE 10분 처리를 한 기판 위에 PTFE를 3분 증착하였을 때 가장 높은 $153^{\circ}$의 초-발수 특성이 나타났으며, 4주의 시간이 지났을 때에도 접촉각이 유지가 되었다. XPS 측정결과 초-발수 표면에서 나타나는 CF2와 CF3 피크 값이 측정되었다. Reactive Ion Etching을 이용한 PTFE 발수 특성은 방수, 스마트 윈도우, 자가세정(Self-Cleaning), 디스플레이 표시장치, 김서림 방지(Anti-Fogging), 대전방지 코팅 등에 다각적으로 응용 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2023

This study investigated the formation of oxide films on 6061 aluminum (Al) alloy and their impacts on corrosion resistance efficiency by regulating anodization voltage. Despite advantageous properties inherent to Al alloys, their susceptibility to corrosion remains a significant limitation. Thus, enhancing corrosion resistance through developing protective oxide films on alloy surfaces is paramount. The first anodization was performed for 6 h with an applied voltage of 30, 50, or 70 V on the 6061 Al alloy. The second anodization was performed for 0.5 h by applying 40 V after removing the existing oxide film. Resulting oxide film's shape and roughness were analyzed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wettability and corrosion resistance were compared before and after a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using an FDTS (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane) solution. As the first anodization voltage increased, the final oxide film's thickness and pore diameter also increased, resulting in higher surface roughness. Consequently, all samples exhibited superhydrophilic behavior before coating. However, contact angle after coating increased as the first anodization voltage increased. Notably, the sample anodized at 70 V with superhydrophobic characteristics after coating demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.531-540
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• 2019

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanosilica and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a coupling agent was used to form a coarse spike structure as well as an excellent reactive hydroxyl groups on the glass surface. Then, a second treatment was carried out using a trichloro-(1H,1H,2H,2H)perfluorooctylsilane(TPFOS) solution for ultimate water repellent glass surface formation. The formation of hydrophobic coating layer on glass surface using silica aerosol, which is hydrophobic nanosilica, was not able to form a durable hydrophobic coating layer due to the absence of reactive -OH groups on the surface of nanosilica. On the other hand, a glass surface was first coated with a coating liquid prepared with hydrophilic hydroxyl group-containing nanosilica and hydrolyzed TEOS, and then coated with a TPFOS solution to introduce a hydrophobic surface on glass having a water contact angle of $150^{\circ}$ or more. The sliding angle of the coated glass was less than $1^{\circ}$, which meant the surface had a super water-repellent property. In addition, as the content of hydrophilic nanosilica increased, the optical transmittance decreased and the optical transmittance also decreased after 2nd coating with the TPFOS solution. The super-hydrophobic property of the coated glass was remained up to 50 times of rubbing durability test, but only hydrophobic property was shown after 200 times of rubbing durability test. Conclusively, the optimal coating conditions was double 1st coatings with the HP3 coating solution having a hydrophilic nanosilica content of 0.3 g, and subsequent 2nd coating with the TPFOS solution. It is believed that the coating solution thus prepared can be used as a surface treatment agent for solar cells where light transmittance is also important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.67.2-67.2
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 $SiO_2$ 미세구조 상에 Pd 나노입자(NPs)를 증착하여, 불소화된 마이크로-나노 계층구조를 갖는 Pd-decorated $SiO_2$($Pd/SiO_2$)를 제작하였다. 마이크로 크기의 거칠기를 갖는 $SiO_2$ 층은 졸-겔 공정을 사용해서 제조된 용액을 전기분사함으로써 제조되었다. 이어서, 자외선(UV)을 이용한 광 환원법을 이용해 Pd 나노입자를 $SiO_2$ 층에 형성했다. 생성된 표면은 마이크로-나노의 계층구조 형태를 보여주었다. 해당 시편의 불소화 처리 후, 마이크로-나노의 계층구조 표면은 $170^{\circ}$ 이상의 물 접촉각(water contact angle; WCA) 및 $5^{\circ}$ 이하의 슬라이딩 각(sliding angle)을 보여줌으로써 물에 대해 탁월한 소수성을 나타내었다. 또한, 커피($CA=161^{\circ}$), 우유($CA=162^{\circ}$), 쥬스($CA=163^{\circ}$), 그리고 글리세롤($CA=165^{\circ}$)에 대해서도 우수한 소수 특성을 보여주었다. 또한, 이들 $Pd/SiO_2$ 층은 우수한 장기내구성 및 자외선 저항성을 보여주었다. 그리고 이어진 기름에 대한 접촉각 측정을 통해 해당 시편이 소유 특성이 아닌 친유 특성을 보여준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 기름에 대한 CA는 약 ${\sim}10^{\circ}$로 매우 우수한 친유 특성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 자체세정이 가능한 표면 및 지능형 물/기름 분리 시스템과 같은 스마트 장치에서 초소수성-친유성 특성을 갖는 계층구조의 $Pd/SiO_2$ 층을 사용할 가능성을 명확하게 보여준다고 판단된다.