• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.396-398
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• 2005

We report a rare case of scalp arteriovenous malformation[AVM]. A 55-year-old woman presented with a pulsatile palpable mass on her left temporo-parietal scalp. She complained of insomnia because of bruit, which was audible when she lay on her left side. Computed tomography angiography[CTA] for the scalp vessel showed AVM on the left temporo-parietal region. Multiple enlarged arteries, such as the superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, and occipital artery, were directly connected to the elongated dilated superficial temporal vein. Digital subtraction angiography also showed similar results. Fistulous portions were clearly delineated on both modalities. Surgical excision of the malformations, including feeding arteries and the draining vein, resulted in immediate relief of the symptoms. Usefulness of CTA in the diagnosis of vascular lesions on the scalp was emphasized.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the basic data for design of pressure cooling system. Static pressure drop, as a function of superficial velocity, was measured for different stacking methods and stacking heights of some fruits and vegetables. At given superficial velocity, sphericity and void fraction had a much greater influence on static pressure drop than average diameter of spherical fruits such as apple, peach, tomato and kiwi fruit. Among cylindrical vegetables such as cucumber, carrot, radish and chinese cabbage, cucumber showed different pattern of static pressure drop because of its bended shape, radish showed less static pressure drop than other vegetables because its large sizes of voids. When cucumber and spinach were stacked vertically and horizontally to air flow, a much greater static pressure drop was shown in vertical than in horizontal type, therefore static pressure drop was affected not only by void fraction but also by void shape. Also, in packed-beds of fruits and vegetables, static pressure drop could be estimated very well by Ramsins equation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.492-496
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• 1999

A 3-year old male Maltese, which had enlarged and ballooned superficial lymph-nodes, was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyung-pook National University. Radiographic findings indicated cranial mediastinal mass, interstitial pneumonitis, conspicuous splenomegaly and liver enlargement. The patient showed anorexia, depression and anemia. It was autopsied following its death 2 days after admittance. There were copious hemoperitoneum, lymphomatous mass in the spleen, torsion of the mesenterium and stenosis of the duodenum. On the microscopic observation, there was the increase of the amount of lymphocytic cytoplasm and numbers of nucleus-devided lymphocytes followed by their diffused infiltration in lymph nodule. Based on the physical, histological and pathological findings, this case was diagnosed as a multicentric form of lymphosarcoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2016

The occipitofrontalis muscle is generally regarded as one muscle composed of two muscle bellies joined through the galea aponeurotica. However, two muscle bellies have different embryological origin, anatomical function and innervations. We report a case of angiosarcoma of the scalp in a 63-year-old man whose MR showed that the superficial fascia overlying the occipital belly becomes the temporoparietal fascia and ends at the superior end of the frontal belly. Beneath the superficial fascia, the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle becomes the galea aponeurotica and inserts into the underside of the frontal belly. The presented case report supported the concept of which the occipitofrontalis muscle appears to be composed of two anatomically different muscles.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 2005

In the environment where human coexists with robot, the problem of safety is very important. But it is difficult to separate the robot from the human in time-domain or space-domain unlike the case of factory automation, so a new concept is needed. One approach is to notice sensory and emotional feeling of human, and in this study "pain" is focused, which is a typical unpleasant feeling when the robot contacts us. In this paper, to design the controller based on the pain, an artificial superficial pain model caused by impact is proposed. This ASPM model consists of mechanical pain model, skin model and gate control by artificial neural networks (ANNs). The proposed ASPM is evaluated by experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1997

The variations of gas hold-up, overall volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients and liquid circulation velocity in an internal loop reactor were investigated to manifest scale-up effect. The relationship between superficial gas velocity and gas hold-up were found as Ugr = 0.045 $\varepsilon$r in the pilot-scale and Ugr = 0.056 $\varepsilon$r in the bench-scale reactor. The overall volumetric oxygen mass tractsfer coefficient, KLa was slightly increased in the pilot-scale than in the bench-scale reactor. Flow regime was changed from the bubble flow to the churn-turbulent flow when the superficial gas velocity reached to 3.5 - 4 cm/sec in the pilot-scale.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

This paper examines the conventional notion of natural beauty and its legacy on the aesthetic experience of nature and landscape architecture in terms of critical perspective. We can take its clue for discussion from the our routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pictures. However, it is no more than a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. Problems of the picture-like nature can be summarized as the contemplative and visual-oriented aesthetic experience of landscape, which has had its influence not only on the ways of seeing the natural beauty but also on the ways of making it. The tradition of the picture-like nature has been transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. It has been mass-producing superficial beauty of nature, focused on visual form. Landscape architecture in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and content.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 2014

Mondor's disease is an uncommon condition characterized by a palpable, cord-shaped structure, which causes pain when pressed. Its known pathophysiology is thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system. Although reported repeatedly, its definite cause is unknown and various possible causes have been identified, including surgery, irradiation, infection, malignancy, and trauma. We diagnosed this case to be Mondor's disease of the antecubital venous system, probably due to thermal injury of the proximal tributaries of the basilic or cephalic vein. Risk of thermal injury to the skin flap or the portal site remains a common complication, and as thermal injury to the blood vessel might also be considered, attention must be given when suctioning the area near a large superficial vessel.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.457-460
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• 2016

Autologous breast reconstruction utilizing a perforator flap is an increasingly popular method for reducing donor site morbidity and implant-related complications. However, aberrant anatomy not readily visible on computed tomography angiography is a rare albeit real risk when undergoing perforator flap reconstruction. We present an operative case of a patient who successfully underwent a bilateral breast reconstruction sourced from a unilateral abdominal flap divided into deep superior epigastric artery and superficial circumflex iliac artery flap segments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.880-883
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• 2004

The graft infection within the abdomen is a notorious condition, which usually develops serious complications of anastomotic rupture or distal embolism that ended in death. There has been many controversies in the treatment of an aortobiiliac graft infection and varying results have been reported. The authors treated a case of aortobiiliac graft infection after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. The operation was performed with re-aortobiiliac bypass using bilateral superficial femoral veins. The result was successful.