• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.603-607
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• 2008

This paper is to investigate the effects of support conditions on the whirling stability of a supercritical composite driveshaft. Two system parameters are rigorously considered: one is the bending stiffness of the support beam/bearings and the other is the rotating internal damping of the shaft. An analytic model is developed based on finite element methods and an eigenvalue analysis is employed to estimate the shaft stability under supercritical operating conditions. Results show that the internal damping causes the whirling instability at a supercritical speed, as demonstrated in other previous studies. However, the bending stiffness of the support beam is found to affect greatly the stability behaviors of a supercritical shaft and several combinations of the shaft/beam stiffness can be identified to guarantee the stable operation even in a supercritical region.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.379-383
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• 2013

For the production of ethanol from freshwater cyanobacteria, a new pretreatment method using supercritical fluid was introduced. In this study, it was found that the supercritical fluid could penetrate inside the cell wall and help to liberate starch from cyanobacterial cells which resulted in the increase of the efficiency of ethanol production. For Microcystis aeruginosa, supercritical fluid pretreatment increased the amount of ethanol produced from cyanobacteria from 1.53 g/L to 2.66 g/L. For Anabaena variabilis, the amount of ethanol was increased from 1.25 g/L to 2.28 g/L. With use of supercritical fluid pretreatment, the efficiency of the process to obtain higher ethanol yields from freshwater cyanobacteria was improved upto 80%. The optimum temperature and pressure conditions for supercritical fluid pretreatment were determined as the temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and the pressure of 120 atm. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using supercritical fluid pretreatment for ethanol production using freshwater cyanobacteria.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

This study aims to select suitable co-solvents and to obtain optimal process conditions in order to improve process efficiency and productivity through experimental results obtained under various experimental conditions for the etching and rinsing process using liquid carbon dioxide and supercritical carbon dioxide. Acetone was confirmed to be effective through basic experiments and used as the etching solution for MEMS-wafer etching in this study. In the case of using liquid carbon dioxide as the solvent and acetone as the etching solution, these two components were not mixed well and showed a phase separation. Liquid carbon dioxide in the lower layer interfered with contact between acetone and Mems-wafer during etching, and the results after rinsing and drying were not good. Based on the results obtained under various experimental conditions, the optimum process for treating MEMS-wafer using supercritical CO2 as the solvent, acetone as the etching solution, and methanol as the rinsing solution was set up, and MEMS-wafer without stiction can be obtained by continuous etching, rinsing and drying process. In addition, the amount of the etching solution (acetone) and the cleaning liquid (methanol) compared to the initial experimental values can be greatly reduced through optimization of process conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2022

This study is a basic study on carbonation curing technology of concrete using supercritical CO₂, and carbonation curing was carried out by exposing concrete to supercritical CO₂ for a certain period of time. In the case of conventional carbonation curing, long-term curing was performed for several weeks by controlling the concentration of CO₂, but by using supercritical CO₂, more rapid carbonation curing was carried out using constant temperature and pressure conditions to improve durability through surface modification of concrete. This experiment was conducted with the goal of deriving the optimal carbonation curing conditions by measuring the carbonation depth by exposing concrete for a certain period of time to conditions above the supercritical level. As a result, it was confirmed that the carbonation depth increased as the curing time increased, and the curing time could be shortened compared to the carbonation curing according to the existing CO₂ concentration.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

There are many parameters that affect the natural circulation flow, such as height difference, heating power size, pipe diameter, system pressure and inlet temperature and so on. In general analysis the heating power is often regarded as a uniform distribution. The ANSYS-CFX numerical analysis software was used to analyze the flow heat transfer of supercritical water under different heating power distribution conditions. The distribution types of uniform, power increasing, power decreasing and sine function are investigated. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that different power distribution has a great influence on the flow of natural circulation if the total power of heating is constant. It was found that the peak flow of supercritical water natural circulation is maximal when the distribution of heating power is monotonically decreasing, minimal when it is monotonically increasing, and moderate at uniform or the sine type of heating. The simulation results further reveal the supercritical water under different heat transfer conditions on its flow characteristics. It can provide certain theory reference and system design for passive residual heat removal system about supercritical water.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 1999

The characteristics of the breakup process in supercritical spray is investigated during the injection of supercritical sulfur hexafluoride into dissimilar gases at supercritical pressures and subcritical temperature of the injected fluid. The visualization techniques used are backlighting and shadowgraph methods. The spray angles are measured and the breakup and mixing process are observed at near and supercritical conditions. The results show that spray angles are decreased with the in..ease of the ratio of density $(\frac{\rho_f}{\rho_g})$. At the supercritical temperature, the spray angles in atomization region are kept nearly constant such as the typical spray angle in gas injection. The mixing process is changed radically at the temperature where $\frac{d\rho}{dT}=\frac{1}{2}[\frac{d\rho}{dT}]_{max}$ at given pressure.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

A study was carried out on the application of supercritical fluid to the hydrolysis of boll fibers of cotton (cultivar Tashkent-6 of Gossypium hirsutum L.) by cellulase enzymes from Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Conditions of the enzymatic process were optimized. The stabilities of cellulase enzymes were sustained at the pressure of up to 160 attn for 48 hours at 5$0^{\circ}C$ in supercritical carbon dioxide.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.408-410
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• 2000

The supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) technique was applied for the isolation and purification of nonpolar physiologically acitve mateials from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies. the qualitative analysis of extract was accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) and extract was determined as linoleic acid(cis-9 cis-12-octadecadienoic acid) In order to obtain the optimum operating conditions of supercritical fluid extraction process the various temperatures and pressures were applied for process operation. From the comparison of exraction efficiencies $50^{\circ}C and 200 kg_f/cm^2$ were determined as optimum conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.485-494
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• 1996

Silica Aerogels with the density and porosity of 0.1g/cm3 and 96% were synthesized by two different supercri-tical drying processes (i.e additional solvent and intial pressure methods) Isoptopanol was chosen as sol-gel and supercritical drying solvents in order to synthesize aerogels at the lower temperature and pressure because the critical values of isopropanol are lower than those of methanol and ethanol commonly used. The P-V-T relationship of isopropanol was experimentally described for optimizing supercritical drying conditions such as the amount of extra solvent and supercritical drying temperature and pressure. In the addional solvent method monolithic and transparent aerogels were obtained by supercritical drying at 25$0^{\circ}C$ and 900 psing after 40% of the reactor volume was filled with isopropanol. Crack-free aerogels were synthesized at 25$0^{\circ}C$ and 1100~1200 psig by the initial pressure method with an intial nitrogen gas pressure of 400 psig and the isopropanol amount of 5% of the reactor volume.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.5 s.94
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• pp.329-337
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• 2005

Because of their unique properties, supercritical fluids have been known as one of the most promising materials for the future technology. Supercritical fluid technologies have been widely applied to various operations such as extraction, impregnation, nano-particle generation, oxidation, reaction etc. Industrial applications, especially their successful usage of supercritical fluid, have been reviewed. A special case for the first successful industrial application of supercritical $CO_2$ extraction in Korea was reviewed. Its unique characteristics of enriched antioxidant, $'\grmma-tocopherol'$ enabled this industrial application in Korea in spite of its low market price. Also its size and operation conditions were known as world records.