• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Micro- or nano-size particles are required to improve the combustion efficiency and stability in the case of solid explosives and propellants. The micro-structural properties of an energetic material strongly influence the combustion and explosion behavior. However, the traditional size reduction techniques, including milling, are not suitable for production of ultra-fine size particles. As an alternative to the traditional techniques, various re-crystallization processes based on supercritical fluids have recently been proposed. Supercritical fluids are fluids at temperatures and pressures above their critical point. In principle, they do not give problems of solvent contamination as they are completely released from the solute when the decompression occurs. Rapid Expansion Supercritical Solutions(RESS) and Supercritical Anti-Solvent Process(GAS/SAS) are representatives of a nano-size particle formation process of energetic materials using supercritical fluids. In this work, various fine particle formation processes using supercritical fluids are discussed and the results are presented.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.523-529
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• 2000

Attempts have been made to use Supercritical fluids for industrial purpose in a variety of fields and some of them, are already in practice. However, basic chemical properties of supercritical fluids have not been understood well. The present pater presents the results of physicochemical studies on Supercritical fluids as well as the application of supercritical fluids to industry. The detail is as follows PCB and organic compounds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.379-383
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• 2013

For the production of ethanol from freshwater cyanobacteria, a new pretreatment method using supercritical fluid was introduced. In this study, it was found that the supercritical fluid could penetrate inside the cell wall and help to liberate starch from cyanobacterial cells which resulted in the increase of the efficiency of ethanol production. For Microcystis aeruginosa, supercritical fluid pretreatment increased the amount of ethanol produced from cyanobacteria from 1.53 g/L to 2.66 g/L. For Anabaena variabilis, the amount of ethanol was increased from 1.25 g/L to 2.28 g/L. With use of supercritical fluid pretreatment, the efficiency of the process to obtain higher ethanol yields from freshwater cyanobacteria was improved upto 80%. The optimum temperature and pressure conditions for supercritical fluid pretreatment were determined as the temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and the pressure of 120 atm. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using supercritical fluid pretreatment for ethanol production using freshwater cyanobacteria.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the method decreasing debinding time as well as lowering operation condition than pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding by using cosolvent or binary mixture of propane + $CO_2$. First method is to add cosolvent, such as n-hexane, DCM, methanol, 1-butanol, in supercritical $CO_2$. In case of adding cosolvent, we were found the addition of non-polar cosolvent (n-hexane) improves dramatically the binder removal rate (more than 2 times) compared with pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding, second method is to use mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, as solvent. In case of using mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, the rate of debinding speeded up with increasing of pressure and concentration of propane at 348.15 K. It was found that addition of cosolvent (e.g., n-hexane, DCM) and binary mixture propane + $CO_2$ for supercritical solvent remarkably improved binder removal rate for the paraffin wax-based binder system, in comparison with using pure supercritical $CO_2$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2020

Supercritical fluid dyeing is a new alternative to the conventional aqueous process because of its environmental benefits. In this study, dyeing properties of Nylon 6 fabrics were investigated depending on dyeing temperature and pressure in supercritical CO₂ fluid dyeing system. In order to select the optimal condition for supercritical fluid dyeing of Nylon 6 fabrics, dyeing temperature and pressure were varied from 100, 110, 120℃, 200, 230, 260bar, respectively. The results of K/S values and levelling properties showed that the optimal dyeing condition for Nylon 6 fabrics was 110℃ and 230bar in the supercritical CO₂ fluid dyeing system. The washing fastness ratings of the dyed Nylon 6 fabrics under supercritical medium were good for both fading and staining except for staining on nylon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.603-607
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• 2008

This paper is to investigate the effects of support conditions on the whirling stability of a supercritical composite driveshaft. Two system parameters are rigorously considered: one is the bending stiffness of the support beam/bearings and the other is the rotating internal damping of the shaft. An analytic model is developed based on finite element methods and an eigenvalue analysis is employed to estimate the shaft stability under supercritical operating conditions. Results show that the internal damping causes the whirling instability at a supercritical speed, as demonstrated in other previous studies. However, the bending stiffness of the support beam is found to affect greatly the stability behaviors of a supercritical shaft and several combinations of the shaft/beam stiffness can be identified to guarantee the stable operation even in a supercritical region.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.274-286
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• 2003

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the turbulent convective heat transfer of the supercritical carbon dioxide flows in vertical and horizontal square ducts. The gas cooling process at the supercritical state experiences a sudden change in thermodynamic and transport properties. This results in the extraordinary variations of the heat transfer coefficients in the supercritical state, which are much different from those of single or two phase flows. Algebraic second moment closure which can include the effects of large thermophysical property variations of carbon dioxide and of buoyancy is employed to model the Reynolds stresses and turbulent heat fluxes in the governing equations. The previous correlations for the turbulent heat transfer coefficient for the supercritical carbon dioxide flows couldn't reflect the buoyancy effect. The present results are used to establish a new heat transfer coefficient correlation including the effects of large thermophysical property variation and buoyancy on in-duct cooling process of supercritical carbon dioxide.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 1999

The characteristics of the breakup process in supercritical spray is investigated during the injection of supercritical sulfur hexafluoride into dissimilar gases at supercritical pressures and subcritical temperature of the injected fluid. The visualization techniques used are backlighting and shadowgraph methods. The spray angles are measured and the breakup and mixing process are observed at near and supercritical conditions. The results show that spray angles are decreased with the in..ease of the ratio of density $(\frac{\rho_f}{\rho_g})$. At the supercritical temperature, the spray angles in atomization region are kept nearly constant such as the typical spray angle in gas injection. The mixing process is changed radically at the temperature where $\frac{d\rho}{dT}=\frac{1}{2}[\frac{d\rho}{dT}]_{max}$ at given pressure.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.63-65
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• 2008

The increased interest in reducing the environmental effects caused by releasing organic compounds and aqueous waste has motivated the development of polymeric materials in supercritical fluids. Recently, supercritical fluids have been used in material synthesis and processing because of their special properties, such as high diffusivity, low viscosity, and low surface tension. Supercritical carbon dioxide is the most attractive because it is non-toxic, non-flammable, and has moderate critical temperature and critical pressure values. Supercritical carbon dioxide can also swell most polymers. In this study, we prepared polymer/clay nanocomposites using supercritical fluids. Cloisites 10A, 15A, 25A, and 30B used in this study are montmorillonites modified with a quaternary ammonium salt. The nanocomposites of polymer/clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.489-492
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• 2011

Supercritical fluid technology has been an alternative for purification and separation of biological compounds in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical products. Solubility information of biological compounds in supercritical fluids is essential for choosing a supercritical fluid processes. The equilibrium solubility of hinokitiol was measured in supercritical carbon dioxide with a static method in the pressure range from 8 to 40 MPa and at temperatures equal to 313.2, 323.2 and 333.2 K. The experimental data were correlated well by Peng.Robinson equation of state and quasi-chemical nonrandom lattice fluid model.