• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.812-816
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• 2011

An optical lens is usually produced in the manner of high temperature compression molding with tungsten carbide alloy molding cores, it is necessary to develop and study technology for super-precision processing of molding cores and coating the core surface. As main methods used in surface improvement technologies using thin film, DLC present high hardness, chemical stability, and outstanding durability of abrasion to be extensively applied in various industrial fields. In this study, the effect of DLC coating of a thin film by means of the FVAS (filtered vacuum arc source) analyzed the characteristics of thin film. Surface roughness before and after DLC coating was measured and the result showed that the surface roughness was improved after coating as compared to before coating. In conclusion, it was observed that DLC coating of the ultra hard alloy core surface for molding had an effect on improving the surface roughness and shape of the core surface. It is considered that this will have an effect on improving abrasion resistance and the service life of the core surface.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2021

Artificial neural network techniques show an excellent ability to predict the data (output) for various complex characteristics (input). It is primarily specialized to solve nonlinear relationship problems. This study is an experimental investigation that applies artificial neural network techniques and an experimental design to predict the cyclic polarization curves of the super-austenitic stainless steel AL-6XN alloy with sensitization. A cyclic polarization test was conducted in a 3.5% NaCl solution based on an experimental design matrix with various factors (degree of sensitization, temperature, pH) and their levels, and a total of 36 cyclic polarization data were acquired. The 36 cyclic polarization patterns were used as training data for the artificial neural network model. As a result, the supervised learning algorithms with back-propagation showed high learning and prediction performances. The model showed an excellent training performance (R²=0.998) and a considerable prediction performance (R²=0.812) for the conditions that were not included in the training data.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2019

Metallic shape memory alloys present fascinating physical properties such as their super-elastic behavior in austenite phase, which can be exploited for providing a structure with both a self-centering capability and an increased ductility. More or less accurate numerical models have been introduced to model their behavior along the last 25 years. This is the reason for which the literature is rich of suggestions/proposals on how to implement this material in devices for passive and semi-active control. Nevertheless, the thermo-mechanical coupling characterizing the first-order martensite phase transformation process results in several macroscopic features affecting the alloy performance. In particular, the effects of day-night and winter-summer temperature excursions require special attention. This aspect might imply that the deployment of some devices should be restricted to indoor solutions. A further aspect is the dependence of the behavior from the geometry one adopts. Two fundamental lacks of symmetry should also be carefully considered when implementing a SMA-based application: the behavior in tension is different from that in compression, and the heating is easy and fast whereas the cooling is not. This manuscript focuses on the passive devices recently proposed in the literature for civil engineering applications. Based on the challenges above identified, their actual feasibility is investigated in detail and their long term performance is discussed with reference to their fatigue life. A few available semi-active solutions are also considered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

Layer separation (delamination) is an essential threat to fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates under dynamic, static, and fatigue loads. Under compressive load, the growth of delamination will lead to structural instability. The aim of this paper is to present a method using shape memory alloy (SMA) stitches to suppress the delamination growth in a FRP plate and to improve the buckling behavior of the plate with a rectangular hole. The present paper is divided into two parts. Firstly, a closed-form (CF) formulation for evaluating the buckling load of the FRP plate is presented. Secondly, the finite element method (FEM) will be employed to calculate the buckling loads of the plates which serves to validate the results obtained from the closed-form method. The novelty of this work is the development of the closed-form solution using the p-Ritz energy approach regarding the stress-dependent phase transformation of SMA to trace the equilibrium path. For the FEM, the Lagoudas constitutive model of the SMA material is implemented in FORTRAN programming language using a user material subroutines (VUMAT). The model is simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit solver due to the nature of the loading type. The cohesive zone model (CZM) is applied to simulate the delamination growth.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.489-492
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• 2000

0.5%C-25.0%Cr-1.0%Si(합금1), 0.5%C-5.0%Cr-1.0%Si(합금2) 및 2.0%C-5.0%Cr-1.0%Si(합금3)의 3종류 크롬백주철에 있어서 기지조직 및 탄화물에 분푀도는 Cr 및 Si의 거동을 연구하였다. 15kg 용량의 고주파 유도용해로에 선철, 고철, Fe-Cr, Fe-Si 등을 장입시켜 용해시킨후 슬래그를 제거시키고 $1550^{\circ}C$에서 펩 주형에 주입시킨후 실온까지 냉각시켜 SEM으로 응고조직을 관찰하였으며 EPMA분석을 통하여 Cr 및 Si 의 분포거동을 관찰하였다. 합금1의 경우 초정으로 $\delta$페라이트가 정출후 $\delta$페라이트와 용액의 입계에서 $\delta$페라이트와 $M_7C_3$탄화물이 공정으로 정출하였으며 합금2의 경우 용액에서 초정으로 거의 $\delta$페라이트가 정출된 수 극히 일부분만이 $\delta$페라이트와 $M_7C_3$탄화물의 공정으로 정출하였다. 반면 합금 3의 경우 오스테나이트가 초정으로 정출된 후 오스테나이트와 $M_3C$탄화물이 공정으로 정출하였다. Cr은 주로 $M_7C_3$ 및 $M_3C$탄화물에 , 그리고 Si는 기지조직에 선택적으로 분배되었으며 Cr의 기지조직에 대한 분배계수는 0.56-0.68, 그리고 Si는 1.12-1.28의 범위에 걸쳐있었다. 또한 Cr의 기지조직에 대한 분배계수는 C 함량이 2.0%일때가 0.5%의 경우보다 낮았으며 $M_7C_3$탄화물내의 Cr 함량은 Cr함량이 25.0% 일때가 5.0%의 경우보다 높은값을 나타내었다. 나타내었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

Micron size Co-alloy 800 (T800) powder is coated on the high temperature, oxidation and corrosion resistant super alloy Inconel 718 substrate by the optimal high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating process developed by this laboratory. For the study of durability improvement of high speed spindle operating without lubricants, friction and sliding wear behaviors of the coatings are investigated both at room and at an elevated temperature of $1000^{\circ}F(538^{\circ}C)$. Friction coefficients, wear traces and wear debris of coatings are drastically reduced compared to those of non-coated surface of Inconel 718 substrate both at room temperature and at $538^{\circ}C$. Friction coefficients and wear traces of both coated and non-coated surfaces are drastically reduced at higher temperature of $538^{\circ}C$ compared with those at room temperature. At high temperature, the brittle oxides such as CoO, $Co_{3}O_{4}$, $MoO_2$ and $MoO_3$ are formed rapidly on the sliding surfaces, and the brittle oxide phases are easily attrited by reciprocating slides at high temperature through oxidation and abrasive wear mechanisms. The brittle solid oxide particles, softens, melts and partial-melts play roles as solid and liquid lubricants reducing friction coefficient and wear. These show that the coating is highly recommendable for the durability improvement coating on the machine component surfaces vulnerable to frictional heat and wear.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2009

NiTi alloy is widely used innumerous biomedical applications (orthodontics, cardiovascular, orthopaedics, etc.) for its distinctive thermomechanical and mechanical properties such as shape memory effect, super elasticity, low elastic modulus and high damping capacity. However, NiTi alloy is still a controversial biomaterial because of its high Ni content which can trigger the risk of allergy and adverse reactions when Ni ion releases into the human body. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the TiNi alloy and suppress the release of Ni ions, many surface modification techniques have been employed in previous literature such as thermal oxidation, laser surface treatment, sol-gel method, anodic oxidation and electrochemical methods. In this paper, the NiTi was electrochemically etched in various electrolytes to modify surface. The microstructure, element distribution, phase composition and roughness of the surface were investigatedby scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Systematic controlling of nano and submicron surface features was achieved by altered density of hydro fluidic acid in etchant solution. Nanoscale surface topography, such as, pore density, pore width, pore height, surface roughness and surface tension were extensively analyzed as systematical variables.Importantly, bone forming cell, osteoblast adhesion was increased in high density of hydro fluidic treated surface structures, i.e., in greater nanoscale surface roughness and in high surface areas through increasing pore densities.All results delineate the importance of surface topography parameter (pores) inNiTi to increase the biocompatibility of NiTi in identical chemistry which is crucial factor for determining biomaterials.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is the investigation of the statistical properties of Vickers hardness (HV) of friction welded parts in nickel based super resisting steel, alloy 718 steel. First, we examine the statistical properties on the case of as-welded parts. Several Virkers indentations were made under same nominal conditions. This was repeated for three different applied loads, 100, 200 and 300g with a duration time, 10 second. The arithmetic mean of Vickers hardness in base metal (BM) materials is larger than that of HAZ in all applied loads. The measure of dispersion, that is, the coefficient of variation (COV) for BM and HAZ is decreased by increasing with the applied load. The distribution of Vickers hardness was not found to be symmetric type. The probability distribution of Vickers hardness was well followed Weibull distribution. The shape parameter and the scale parameter (characteristic hardness) are increased by increasing with the applied load, as both BM and HAZ.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1995년도 제9회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.154-154
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• 1995

The Xu-Tec process is also called the double glow surface alloying technology and is a new method of surface metallurgy which can produce an alloy layers with sp ecial phisical and chemical properties on the surface of common and inexpensive mater ials. Many super alloys and alloy steels, sueh as nickel base alloys, high speed steels and staiinless steels, have been produced by Xu-Tee Process on the surfaces of carbon steels. The depth of the alloy lasyers may vary from several microns up to 300 micr ons with alloying elements in a concentration of few percentage to 100%. World wide patents for Xu-Tec process have been granted in the United states, Canada, United Ki ngdom, Australia and Japan. High performance saw blades have been successfully produced by the Xu-Tee process with much simper processing steps and less cost than bimetal high speed saw blades. A comparison of the cutting times and wear rates of the Xu-Tee blades with the conventional bimetal blades has been made. The Xu-Tee bIases demonstrates sim ilar or better performance than bimetal blades. A Xu-Tec Unit for the commercial pr oduction of Xu-Tec saw blades has been designed and manufactured. This Unit can t reat 10,000 haek saw blades at one time. Three Xu-Tec hack saw blades production I ines have been set up in China. China.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2023

The Small Punch Test (SPT) was developed to evaluate the softening and embrittlement of materials such as power plants and nuclear fusion reactors by taking samples in the field. Specimens used in the SPT are very thin and small disk-shaped compared to specimens for general tensile test, and thus have economic advantages in terms of miniaturization and repeatability of the test. The cryogenic SPT can also be miniaturized and has a significantly lower heat capacity than conventional universal test machines. This leads to reduced cooling and warm-up times. In this study, the cryogenic SPT was developed by modifying the existing room temperature SPT to be cooled by liquid nitrogen using a super bellows and a thermal insulation structure. Since the cryogenic SPT was first developed, basic experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of it. For the validation, aluminum alloy 6061- T6 specimens were tested for mechanical properties at room and cryogenic temperature. The results of the corrected tensile properties from the SPT experiment results were compared with known room temperature and cryogenic properties. Based on the correction results, the effectiveness of the cryogenic SPT test was confirmed, and the surface fracture characteristics of the material were analyzed using a 3d image scanner. In the future, we plan to conduct property evaluation according to the development of various alloy materials.