• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

Korea is facing a surge in the aging population, showing that population aged 65 and above will be accounted for 42.5% of the total population in 2065 with the emphasis on the over-80 population consisting of 19.2%. In response to this abrupt change in population structure, the number of traffic fatality accident referring to older driver as aged 65+ years had been increasing from 605 fatalities in 2011 to 815 fatalities in 2015 resulting in increases in 34.7% in oppose to happening to decreases in 17.2% about non-older driver. With Logit analysis based on Newton-Raphson algorithm utilizing older driver's traffic fatality data for the 2011-2015 years, it was found that the likelihood of an accident resulting in a fatality for super older driver aged 80 years and above considerably increased compared to other older driver with aging classification: 2.24 times for violation of traffic lane, 2.04 times for violation of U-turn, 1.48 times for violation of safety distance, 1.35 times for violation of obstacle of passing; also average annual increase of traffic accident cost related to super older driver was fairly increased rather than other older driver groups. Hence, this study proposes that improving and amending transport safety system and Road Traffic Act for super older driver needs to be urgently in action about license management, safe driving education, etc. when considering the increase of over-80 population in the near future. Also, implementing a social agreement with all ages and social groups to apply with advanced driver assistance system for older driver groups will be able to become a critical factor to enhance safe driving over the face of the country.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.284
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• pp.66-73
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• 2016

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the precipitation behavior of the ${\chi}$ phase and the impact toughness of 25%Cr-7%Ni-2%Mo-4%W super duplex stainless steel. The ${\chi}$ phase was precipitated in the early stage of aging, and with the increasing aging time. However, after reaching a maximum value, the number decreased as a result of the gradual transformation of the ${\chi}$ phase into the ${\sigma}$-phase. It was proved that the ${\chi}$ phase was an intermetallic compound, which represented a lower nickel concentration, higher chromium and molybdenum concentrations, and very higher tungsten concentration compared to the matrix phases. It also showed higher molybdenum and tungsten concentrations than the ${\sigma}$ phase. The decomposition of the ferrite phase into the ${\gamma}_2$ and ${\sigma}$ phases was retarded by W substitution for Mo. Thus, the number of ${\chi}$ phases increased. The impact value was decreased by the substitution of W for Mo. The impact toughness rapidly decreased with time when the ${\chi}$ phase began to precipitate in the initial stage of aging. The impact toughness was, therefore, greatly influenced for the precipitation of the ${\chi}$ phase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.464-469
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• 2013

After city of Busan has been entered to the aging society in 2000, the city has the highest aging rate among 7 representative cities in 2011. Moreover, while entire population and number of average household are decreasing, over 65 years old of elderly population is rapidly increasing. So, it is possible to enter the super-aged society, where aging rate would be about 20% after 2020. The purpose of this study is that older housing-related analysis is consisted of dong-unit, and this led microscopic analysis has become necessary. Surveys from 2000 through 2010, census aggregate (output area) unit of spatial analysis was conducted. Take advantages of this, aging population and area, soaring area, high-density areas, such as the region of interest were primary extracted, and microscopic location and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed. Upon analysis, aging population is concentrated in the city and adjacent area, the highlands, and 10 years of increasing rate was more than 30 times in certain aggregate. Regarding the characteristic of these areas, the original city center, Busan, especially concentrated and intensified in aging population. Also, 2000 to 2010, the overall distribution pattern of Busan has identified aging population that is increasingly being distributed. This is the result, which is confronted with previous research result. Entering a super aged-society for the future is accordance with migration of social costs and improve the quality of life of elderly. And this could be the basic information to use the spatial dimension for the corresponding.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.28-30
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• 2009

PDP panels with MgO protective layer are manufactured by using the "all-in-vacuum" process we have established [1]. This is the process aiming to keep the MgO surface as clean as possible after the evaporation. The panels are evaluated in term of discharge voltage, aging time, luminance, luminous efficacy, discharge time-lag. It is confirmed that the "all-in-vacuum" process particularly improves the aging time, discharge voltage and the discharge time-lag.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.117-130
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• 2006

This paper analyzed the current status of universal design in the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan. In the case of Japan, the aged society or the super aged society has been preparing from 1985 when the aging rate was 10%. Japan's activity to prepare it became promoted during 1990's when per capita Gross National Income (GNI) was $$20,000{\sim}40,000$. In Korea, the preparation for the aging society such as physical environment, barrier free buildings or traffic systems, economic support and investigation or survey is not yet sufficient. Korea must start preparation for an aged society, possibly and quickly. And it needs to prepare until 2026, when the aging rate will be 20%. To prepare a barrier free and an aged society must consider both aging and economic status.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.609-615
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the relationship between quality of life, activities of daily living, and depression among Korean super-aged women. In this study, the 7th (2018) data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were used. The participants in this study were 363 super-aged women. The mean age was 88.67 years old. Quality of life was significantly related with Activities of daily living (ADL) (r = .34, p < .001), and depression (r = -.47, p < .001). The analysis of the hypothesized model showed a good fit to the data except for the χ² value (χ² = 38.8, df = 11, p < .001, CFI = .98, TLI = .96, RMSEA = 0.08). The hypothesized model explained 34% of the variance in super-aged women. The activities of daily living of elderly women had an indirect effect on quality of life via depression. Very old women with a high level of ADL were more likely to be feeling less depression, and elderly people who had less depression were likely to have a better quality of life. The findings thus highlight prevailing depression and activities of daily living as critical foci for clinical management strategies in super-aged women.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.761-769
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• 1999

In this paper the effect of aging heat treatment to the Corrosion behavior for the Nimonic 80A superalloy was studied by AC Impedance methods. Tested solution was 3.5% with tempera-ture $25^{\circ}C$ Electro-chemical corrosion test were carried out for the Nimonic 80A super-alloy which solution heat treated at $1080^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours followed by aging heat treated at $650^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C,\;750^{\circ}C\;800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$ with 16hours under vacuum environment. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Base metal and solution-treated materials were exhibited similar corrosion tendency as Ran-dle equivalent cell. The value of passive film resistance was 579 ohms for the base metal and 124,770 ohms for the solutionized metal such a difference was arose by the ${{\gamma}_^'}$ precipitate on the metal surface during heat treatment. 2. The measure value of $R_p$ for heat-treated at $650^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C,\;800^{\circ}C$and $850^{\circ}C$ were 97,943, 93, 111, 26,961, 15,798 and 11,780ohm respectively. Which indicated that the passive film resistance Rp was reduced as aging temperature increased due to the growth of grain size and sensitization at the grain boundary. 3. The similar tendency was exhibited for corrosion behavior of the electro-chemical corrosion polarization method and AC impedance method and confirmed that AC impedance method was useful tool for corrosion research.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.402-416
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the changing spatial patterns of aging population during 1985 to 2010 and their interrelationship with the residential features of elderly households in 2010. The aging level of a region is classified into three different ones such as aging region (7~14%), aged region (14~20%) and super-aged region (over 20%). Residential features of elderly households are examined by such variables as housing type, housing ownership, and house age. Aging process has started from peripheral regions distanced away from Seoul. There are strong tendency that aging households reside in single unit house owned by oneself over 20 years-old aged houses, which shows more strong patterns toward peripheral regions in SMR.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.40-45
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• 2009

With the increase in the annealing temperature, the volume fraction of austenite phase increased and the volume fraction of ferrite phase decreased. In compliance with the addition of N, not only the volume fraction of austenite phase was increased but also the austenite structure was made larger. Volume fraction of ${\sigma}$ phase was increased by decreasing of the volume fraction of ferrite phase, with the increase in the aging time and in compliance with the addition of N. As increasing in volume fraction of ${\sigma}$ phase, tensile strength and hardness increased, while elongation and impact value decreased. Elongation slowly decreased and impact value rapidly decreased at the early stage of aging. By the added N, tensile strength, elongation, hardness and impact value was increased.