• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 1995

The comparision of sunshine duration meter was carried out on the roof of Korea Meteorological Research Institude by comparing Pyrheliometer(Eppley NIP model) to sunshine duration meter(Reflection type) during from Nov. 8, 1989 to Feb. 19, 1990. In the observation Period, daily mean sunshine duration time difference of Jordan sunshine duration meter was recorded 0.47hour and Reflect sunshine duration meter was recorded 0.39hour. More than one hour time difference was observed 15 cases by Jordan sunshine duration meter and 11 cases by Reflect sunshine duration meter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.93-101
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between weather factors during the growing season and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco. Chemical components used in this study was from 'Farm Leaf Tobacco Test' conducted at KT&G Central Research Institute from 1986 through 2003. Data of weather factors during growing season(April to July) were collected in 10 districts measured at Korea Meteorological Adminstration(KMA). Nicotine and total sugar contents, and total sugar to nicotine(TS/Nic.) ratio were increased, whereas total nitrogen to nicotine(TN/Nic.) ratio and chloride content were decreased from 1986 through 2003. Year to year variation of rainfall was the largest, followed by that of sunshine hour. Month to month variation of rainfall also was the largest, followed by that of mean daily air temperature(MDAT). Rainfall was correlated positively with relative humidity(RH), but negatively with sunshine hour. Nicotine content was correlated positively with MDAT(in July, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average), but negatively with rainfall(in May$\~$July) and with RH(in June, July, May $\~$June, June $\~$July, April$\~$June, May $\~$July and average). Total sugar content was correlated positively with MDAT(in May), but negatively with sunshine hour(average) and RH(in June, July, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average). The positive correlation was found between total nitrogen content and sunshine hour(in April, May, April$\~$May, May$\~$July, April$\~$June and average). The negative correlation was found between TS/Nic. ratio and sunshine hour(in May$\~$July and average). TN/Nic. ratio was correlated positively with sunshine hour(in May and April$\~$May) and with RH(in July and June$\~$July), but negatively with MDAT(in July, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average). Ether extraction content was correlated positively with MDAT(in July, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average) and with sunshine hour(in July and June$\~$July), but negatively with rainfall(in April, July, May­July and average). Chloride content was correlated positively with sunshine hour(in April, July, April$\~$May, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average), but negatively with rainfall(in April, April$\~$June and average).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.85-92
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between weather factors during the growing season and chemical components of burley tobacco. Chemical components used in this study was from 'Farm Leaf Tobacco Test' conducted at KT&G Central Research Institute from 1987 through 2002. Data of weather factors during growing season(April to July) were collected in 6 districts measured at Korea Meteorological Adminstration(KMA). Total nitrogen content was increased from 1987 through 2002. Year to year variation of rainfall was the largest, followed by that of sunshine hour. Month to month variation of rainfall also was the largest, followed by that of mean daily air temperature. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and sunshine hour. Relative humidity(R.H.) was correlated positively with rainfall, whereas negatively with sunshine hour. The negative correlations were found between nicotine content and rainfall(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average), and R.H.(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average), respectively. The negative correlations were found between crude ash content and rainfall(in June and May$\~$June), and R.H.(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July and May$\~$July), respectively. Ether extraction content was correlated positively with mean daily air temperature(in July, June $\~$July and May$\~$July) and with sunshine hour(in July, June$\~$July and May$\~$July), but negatively with rainfall(average) and with R.H.(in April, July, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May­July and average), respectively. Chloride content was correlated positively with sunshine hour(in May, April$\~$May, May$\~$June, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average), but negatively with rainfall(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.353-353
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• 2017

Rice yield of South Korea in 2015 was the highest of the last 30 years. It is important issue to establish food policy whether the historically highest yield in 2015 can be continued or just one-off event. Therefore, it is necessary to understand whether such a high yield as 2015 will be reoccurred. The aim of this study was to find out what climatic factor affect rice yield and how often these climatic factor could occur. For this study, the yield monitoring data from National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration and the meteorological data provided by Korea Meteorological Administration are used to identify the weather conditions could cause high yield, and how often these conditions occurred in the past. Our results indicated that such as high yield as 2015 could occur only when the mean sunshine hours of July and the mean sunshine hours from the end of August to early September was more than 5.1 hours and 6 hours, respectively. Mean sunshine hour of July may be related to grain number. The mean sunshine hour from the end of August to early September was presumed to relate to grain filling ratio. The relationship between monthly mean temperature and yield or yield component was not clear in this study. In this study, any cycle of high weather condition was not found. Therefore, the probability of high yield weather condition was expressed by frequency. The frequency of the sunshine hour, could make high yield, were 8/35 (23%) over the past 35 years. And the frequency of two years consecutive sunshine hour condition, which could cause high yield, was 1/35 (2.9%). The frequency of recurrence of sunshine hour making high yield within the next 5 years or 10 years after high yield weather condition were 4/35 (11.4%). After all, the high yield as much as yield of 2015 could not be one-off event. But it was not also consecutive event.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 1995

To find out the relationship between duration of sunshine and mean air temperature, monthly climatic data were analyzed in several locations in Korea. Even though mean air temperature was high in summer, duration of sunshine was shorter than winter in Kangneung. Net radiation showed a positive correlation with duration of sunshine and its regression coefficient was the highest in July. An increasing rate of sensible heat flux according to the increment of sunshine hours was significantly high in April and October, but was low in July. In spring and fall, duration of sunshine was positively correlated with the daily temperature difference, but in summer and winter it was negatively correlated with maximum temperature and with the minimum temperature, respectively. In January, one hour increase in sunshine hour lowered the mean air temperature by 1 to $1.7^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

In order to provide fundamental data for the creation of environmental design criteria for horticultural facilities, we developed a method to easily calculate the seasonal heating load applying heating degree-hour while taking into account heating load reductions due to solar radiation in the daytime, and reviewed through greenhouse heating experiments. Heating experiments and measuring meteorological environments were carried out in three greenhouses located at Buyeo, Cheonan, and Buan, and we derived reduction factors of seasonal heating load according to hours of sunshine. Daily mean hours of sunshine during the experiment period in each of the greenhouse was 4.0 to 8.3 hours, and the reduction factor of seasonal heating load was 0.64 to 0.85, has been shown to decrease linearly with the increase in hours of sunshine. A method to estimate the seasonal heating load for greenhouses was developed using the reduction factor of seasonal heating load derived from the greenhouse heating experiment, including the adjustment factor of seasonal heating load according to hours of sunshine. The developed method was validated through heating experiments in a greenhouse located at Cheonan. Greenhouse seasonal heating loads calculated by the method developed in this study were analyzed to show the estimate error of 1.2 to 5.0%. It showed that the accuracy increased 2.3 times more than when using the heating load reduction factor of 0.75 applied uniformly in previous studies. Thus, the calculation method of seasonal heating load for greenhouses considering hours of sunshine developed in this study could be utilized for energy estimation, management planning, and economic evaluation in greenhouse design.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2020

Shortwave radiation and sunshine hours (SHOUR) are important variables having many applications, including crop growth. However, observational data for these variables have low horizontal resolution, rendering its application to related research and decision making on f arming practices challenging. In the present study, hourly solar radiation data were physically generated using the Land-Atmosphere Modeling Package (LAMP) at the National Center f or Agro-Meteorology, and then daily SHOUR fields were calculated through statistical downscaling. After data quality evaluation, including case studies, the SHOUR data were added to the existing publically accessible LAMP daily database. The LAMP daily dataset, newly updated with SHOUR, has been provided operationally as input data to the "Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Drought Prediction System," which predicts agricultural weather disasters and field crop growth status.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

Purpose: The present study purposed to examine induced characteristic or erythema and safety by medium wave ultra violet(UVB) lamp. Methods: We compared sunshine and UVB lamp using spectroradiometer and UV radiometer. For measuring sunshine irradiation, we used spectoradiometer and detected from 8 to 18 o'clock every each hour on the beach, playground and rooftop of a 5 story building. The subjects for erythema examination were 5 healthy subjects who have no pathologic history of photosensitivity reaction, psoriasis and vitiligo. They were exposed to UVB radiation at the abdominal area for 2 hours and after irradiation, we observed the change of skin color every 12 hours over a period of 1 week. Results: Between sunshine and UVB lamp, sunshine had higher data on the chromaticity coordinates, dominant and peak wavelength, bandwidth and purity than the UVB lamp but on the color temperature, brightness the UVB lamp had higher data than the sunshine. In comparison of sunshine and UVB lamp, UVB lamp irradiated constantly such as $3.9-4.4{\mu}W/cm^2$ at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp which was same as early morning irradiation on the sunshine. The erythema didn't appear to any subject. Conclusion: This results suggest that the UVB lamp has lower irradiance as much as early sunshine. Therefore the UVB lamp had no influence of inducing erythema at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

In Korea, the apartment buildings have been constructed recently in large quantities to provide housing due to the gravitation of population towards large cities. However, because of this trend toward high-rise apartment, a number of problems are occurred such as the deterioration of comfort in the dwelling environment and the lack of solar access right in apartment buildings. In the building law, the sunshine hour and the minimal separated distance between apartment buildings as regulated as the criteria for the site planning. Most of site planners, however, designed the apartment site only following minimum separated distance. As a result, the problem of sunshine hours lack is caused and legal dispute concerning solar access right is also arisen. The purpose of this study is to improve solar access right regulation and to help site design of apartment planning. Accordingly, we execute empirical analysis based on computer simulation in order to find suitable separated distance between typically designed apartment buildings. First, we estimated sunshine hours according to independent building orientation, height, and length. Second, we calculated sunshine hours in various case of apartment arrangement; parallel type, courtyard type, tower type and etc. with various separated distance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.384-388
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• 2014

Air temperature has increased, while sunshine hour has decreased during the grain filling period of most rice cultivars (August to September) during the past 12 years from 2001 through 2012 in Korea. Climatic Productivity Index (CPI) has fallen because of the decreased sunshine hour and increased air temperature during the grain filling period, and the degree of reduction was greater with earlier heading. For stable rice production, we will need to delay the heading of rice as a cultivation measure against the future climatic trend. Grain yield showed no significant trend for past 12 years. However, the year to year change in grain yield showed a similliar pattern with that of CPI. Especially, a linear function relating rice yield to CPI explained approximately 63% of variation in grain yield with the heading date of August $11^{th}$ period.