• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.123-123
• /
• 2004

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.137.2-137.2
• /
• 2002

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.1201-1207
• /
• 2016

Background: Excessive exposure to the sun during childhood is strongly associated with the development of skin cancer in the future. The only way to prevent the development of skin cancer is to protect against ultraviolet radiation, which can be achieved through strategic awareness during childhood and adolescence. Objective. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of educational activities for rural and urban students to promote the use of sunscreens and prevent skin cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out with students (9-12 years) of rural (n=70) and urban (n=70) schools in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The educational interventions were lectures and games. The impact of this strategy was evaluated through the application of a questionnaire before and after the interventions. Results: Before the intervention, it was found around 50% of rural and urban students were not aware of the damage caused by sun exposure, often exposing themselves to UV radiation without use sunscreen ( ~ 25 %) and at the most critical times of the day/year. After the lectures we observed an improvement in the behavior of the students with regard to sun exposure and knowledge about skin cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for skin cancer and promoting the use of sunscreens based educational strategies. The interventions were of great value in relation to disseminating knowledge on the subject.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.84-101
• /
• 1996

To minimize the use of animals in toxicity testing, and to reduce the cost in vivo test, more rational test method was described which determines, in the same animal, photoxic and photoallergic potential of a substance, and is daptable to routine testing. The other purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of in vivo alternatives ; photostability and spectrophotometric carbonyl assay. In this modified photosensitization model, animal numbers and resting periods, the number and method of topical application were simplified. Two positive photoreactive agents, Benzocaine and 6-methyl coumarine, showed a similar photoallergic potential to that of Ichikawa's method. Two sunscreens, Octyl methoxy cinnamate, Butyl methoxyl dibenzoyl methane, hardly showed photoallergic potentials. The photostability test could be used in the step of prescreening of photosensitization potential because most of the photoreactive agents represented the reduction of more than 20% in the absorbance. And photoreactive agents have a high potential of photosensitization in the sddessment of spectrophotometric carbonyl level although two sunscreens have a low possibility of photosensitization. Therefore this method was assumed as a valuable in vivo alternatives in the respect even in the very low concentrations which phototoxicity test using almonella showed no phototoxic potential.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.195-195
• /
• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
• /
• v.61 no.11
• /
• pp.644-648
• /
• 2018

The incidence of skin cancer has continuously increased in Korea, probably due to sun exposure and increases in the aging population. Ultraviolet light, a well-known risk factor for skin cancer, can cause DNA damage, mutation, and immune suppression, followed by abnormal proliferation. To prevent photocarcinogenesis, the appropriate use of sunscreen should be emphasized. Using broad-spectrum sunscreens with sun protection factor values of 15 or higher and frequent reapplication are recommended. Controversy exists about whether vitamin D synthesis is inhibited by the use of sunscreen. However, considering that skin cancer most commonly develops on the head and neck area, applying it to the face and neck is reasonable in terms of balancing the risk-benefit ratio.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2015

In this study, we have investigated the stability of sunscreens based on the solubility of organic UV absorbers in the oil and sun protection efficacy of the products composed of a combination of organic UV absorbers to develop more stable and efficient sunscreen products. Results showed that the solubility of the organic UV absorber and stability were varied depending on the type, storage conditions and concentration of oil. It was also observed from the products in the emulsion type. Various UV absorbances were determined to the products composed of the combination of organic UV absorbers. In some combinations, a synergistic effect was observed to make an increase in absorbance compared to a single component. In other cases, specific synergistic effect was displayed only when combined with the particular component. In addition, the storage condition also affected the sunscreen efficacy. In conclusion, this study confirmed that there are various factors which could affect the UV-blocking efficiency of sunscreen products.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.3312-3318
• /
• 2014

For the sunscreen development from natural resources, a possible usage of microalgal extracts or mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was investigated. Sunscreens containing 7% of microalgal extracts or MAAs derived from microalgae, Chlamydomonas hedleyi, were prepared and they were applied to human research. Through this clinical research, the values of Sun Protection Factors, Sun Protector Factor (SPF) and Protection Factor of UVA (PFA), of sunscreen containing microalgal extracts or MAAs were determined: SPF values of microalgal extracts and MAAs indicated 9.07 and 9.42, respectively, while PFA ones did 2.43 and 2.41. Due to more than 2 of PFA value in both sunscreens, they can be classified into [PA+]. Taken together, although sunscreen containing microalgae-derived extracts or MAAs does not effectively protect UV irradiation, its capacity can be satisfied if inorganic UV-protecting compounds are added.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 1995

We have recently developed a novel in vitro SPF evaluation method with a high correlation coefficient (r=0.93) to in vivo SPF values(test sunscreen formulas : cress m, foundation). In this method, the in vitro SPF value was determined by the ratio of the time taken to achieve the minimal erythema dose with and without the sunscreens applied. We also reviewed the dilution and thin-layer methods for in vitro SPF evaluation, and investigated the relationship between irradiance(3$\times$10-3 2.5x 10-5W/cm2) and the degree of erythema. The degree of erythema was similar if t he radiation exposure(40mJ/cm2) was kept constant. It was obtained more than 0.90 correlation coefficient when it was compared the results by our new method with those from SPF-290 analyzer (Optometries, U.S.A.).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.455-460
• /
• 2022

Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3; BP-3) is a compound used in sunscreens and enters the oceans due to improper disposal. It is known to disrupt the endocrine signaling in marine organisms, leading to immune and reproductive abnormalities in corals, shellfish and fishes. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of BP-3 (0, 10, 100 and 1,000 ㎍/L) on the fertilized eggs and hatched larvae of Oplegnathus fasciatus. The morphological changes and hatching and survival rates during embryo development were assessed. In addition, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3) were also measured. The hatched larvae exposed to BP-3 at concentrations of 10 and 100 ㎍/L for 24 h displayed malformation of the tail. After 36 h of exposure to BP-3, spinal deformity was observed at all tested concentrations. The hatching rate was significantly low when exposed to 100 ㎍/L of BP-3. A high levels of T3 was observed when the larvae were exposed to BP-3 at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/L for 96 h (the end of the experiment). This may be related to increased size of larvae at 1,000 ㎍/L BP-3. In conclusion, our results suggested that BP-3 may interfere with embryo development, resulting in a reduction in hatching rate and malformation of larvae.