• 태양에너지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1998

This work presents a method to compute the sun position(azimuth and elevation), sunrise and sunset times. Accurate computation of sun position is very important to the precise tracking of the sun for the solar concentrator, which enables the maximum collection of solar energy. Methods to compute the sun position are available in the literature already. However most of them do not have accuracy verification, thus makes hard in selecting the most accurate sun position computation method. We first select the most accurate sun position computation method among the methods presented in the literature by comparing the computed sun position with Korean Almanac of Korea Astronomy Observatory. Then a procedure to compute the sunrise and sunset times is presented. Computed sun position shows $0.02^{\circ},\;0.6^{\circ}$ and one minute differences in azimuth, elevation and sunrise/sunset times respectively compared with Korean Almanac.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the behavior and distribution characteristics of fishes near an artificial reef close to the waters of Uljin marine ranch. A 200-kHz, dual-beam frequency transducer was attached to the side of a ship for acoustic measurements. The fish formed small groups in the bottom layer near the artificial reef around the afternoon-sunset period; at night, the fish did not form groups and remained individually scattered. During dawn-sunrise and morning, the fish formed groups again and were found near the upper and middle layers of the artificial reef. High density of fish occurred near the middle of the nautical zone during morning, afternoon-sunset, and dawn-sunrise, periods; at nighttime, the distribution was uniform across the entire zone. Moreover, the mean Nautical Area Scattering Coefficients (NASC, m²/nmi²) value was highest during dawn-sunrise at 400.2 m²/nmi², similar during night and morning (100.5 m²/nmi²), and lowest during afternoon-sunset (20.1 m²/nmi²). The present study is expected to provide the background for understanding the behavioral characteristics of fish living near artificial reefs and estimating the density and biomass of fish.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 중부 도심지에서 우점하는 참매미와 말매미를 대상으로 울음 시작 및 종료에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 서울시 반포아파트였고. 연구기간은 2015년 7월 말부터 8월 말까지 2개월이었다. 매미 울음의 시작 및 종료시각 분석 결과 참매미는 평균 5시 21분에, 말매미는 7시 40분에 울음을 시작하였다. 울음 종료는 참매미는 평균 18시 31분, 말매미는 평균 19시 51분에 울음을 종료하였다. 산점도와 상자도표 작성 결과, 참매미는 05시에 규칙적으로 울음을 시작하였고, 말매미는 20시에 참매미와 비교해서 규칙적으로 울음을 그치는 패턴을 보였다. 매미 울음 시작 및 종료시각과 환경요인 간 다중회귀분석 결과, 참매미 울음 시작은 일출시각만이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 선택되었다. 참매미 울음 종료시각은 일몰시각과 전운량이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 말매미 울음 시작 시각은 주로 기온과 일출시각에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났는데, 이 중 기온요인의 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 말매미 울음 종료 시각은 일몰시각에 의해 강하게 영향을 받으며, 이외에 최고기온이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 내용을 종합해보면 참매미의 울음 시작 및 종료에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요인은 일출과 일몰로 판단된다. 이로 인해 일출과 동시에 울음을 시작하고, 종료 시각 또한 일몰에 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 말매미는 울음 시작 원인요인은 기온이고, 울음 종료 요인은 일몰로 판단되었다. 이로 인해 말매미 울음 시작은 당일 기온 변화에 따라 편차가 발생하지만, 울음 종료 요인은 일몰과 동시에 일제히 울음을 종료하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

The basic experiment on the telemetry system of temperature and salinity, which is a study for the effective management of costal fishing-ground nowadays, was carried of 8 days from April 5, 6, 26, 27 , 1996 to May 31 and June 1, 21, 22, 1996 at the fish farm of Yooksam at Samyang-Myun, tongyongkun(34。45.02'N, 128。24.79'E). The results obtained were as follows : 1. The average temperature and salinity of STD of telemetry system was coincided with that of ICTD system calibration precisely. 2. A daily variation of temperature in fish cage which was measured by the telemetry system was influenced mainly by sunrise and sunset. 3. A daily variation of salinity in fish cage which was measured by the telemetry system was influenced mainly by tidal current. 4. The fish school in fish cage was distributed mainly 2~7 m layer during daylight and was arisen to the surface at sunset, was settled down to the bottom at sunrise.

• 대기
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

In this study, the observational environment for sunshine duration at Seoul and Daegu Automated Synoptic Observing Systems (ASOSs) was analyzed using a numerical model. In order to analyze the effects of topography and buildings on observational environment for sunshine duration, the model domains including the elevated building and mountainous areas around Seoul and Daegu ASOSs were considered. Three dimensional topography and buildings used as input data for the numerical model were constructed using a geographic information system (GIS) data. Solar azimuth and altitude angles calculated for the analysis period (one-week for each season in 2008) in this study were validated against those by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The starting and ending times of sunshine duration observed at ASOSs largely differed from the respective sunrise and sunset times simply calculated using solar angles and information of ASOSs' latitude and longitude, because uneven topography and elevated buildings around ASOSs cut off sunshine duration right after the sunrise and right before the sunset. The model produced the sunshine indices for Seoul and Daegu ASOSs with the time interval of one minute and the period of one week for each season and we compared the hourly averaged indices with those observed at the ASOSs. One week of which the cloudiness is lowest for each season is selected for analysis. Not only the adjacent buildings but also distant buildings and mountain cut off sunshine duration right after the sunrise and right before the sunset. The buildings and topography cutting off sunshine duration were found for each analyzing date. It was suggested that, in order to evaluate the observational environment for sunshine duration, we need to consider even the information of topography and/or building far away from ASOSs. This study also showed that the analyzing method considering the GIS data is very useful for evaluation of observational environment for sunshine duration.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2024

Lighting has been used for a long time as a medium to convey brightness from darkness, and through incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED light sources have now become the standard in the lighting industry. Recently, the lighting equipment industry has been undergoing rapid digital transformation, starting with smart lighting, and is evolving into smart lighting customized for individuals and spaces through the development of IoT technology, cloud-based services, and data analysis. However, the blue light emitted from digital devices (computers, smartphones, tablets, etc.) or LED lights stimulates the melanopsin in the optic ganglion cells in the retina of the eye, which in turn stimulates the secretion of melatonin through the pineal gland, which regulates the secretion of melatonin. This can reduce sleep quality or disrupt biological rhythms. This interaction between blue light and melatonin has such a significant impact on human sleep patterns and overall health that it is essential to reduce exposure to blue light, especially in the evening. Human-centered lighting refers to lighting that takes into account the effects of light on the physical and mental areas, such as human activity and awakening, improvement of sleep quality, and health management. Many research institutes study the effects in the visible area and the non-visible area. By studying the impact, it is expected to improve the quality of human life. In this study, we plan to study ways to implement human-centered lighting by collecting sunrise and sunset data and linking commercialized LED packages and control devices with open-source hardware.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.382-389
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with lower electric cost and the specific wavelength have been considering as a novel light source for plant production in greenhouse conditions as well as in a closed culture system. Supplementary lighting for day-length extension was considered as light intensity, light quality, and/or photoperiod control on plant growth and development. Effects of supplementary blue or red LED radiation with lower light intensity on growth of Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum Mill., cv. Blue Field), African marigold (Tagetes erecta L., cv. Orange Boy), and Salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sello ex Ruem & Schult., cv. Red Vista) were discussed during sunrise and sunset twilight in the experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Supplementary lighting by blue and red LEDs for 30 (Treatment B30; R30) or 60 (Treatment B60; R60) min. per day were established in greenhouse conditions. Photosynthetic photon flux for supplementary radiation was kept at $15{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ on the culture bed. Natural condition without supplementary light was considered as a control. The highest shoot and root dry weights were shown in African marigold exposed by red light for 60 min. per day. Supplementary blue and red lighting regardless of the radiation time significantly stimulated development of lateral branches in African marigold. Stem growth in Ageratum and Salvia seedlings was significantly promoted by red radiation as well as natural light. CONCLUSIONS: Extending of the radiation time at sunrise and sunset twilight using LEDs stimulated reproductive growth of flowering plant species. Different characteristics on growth under supplementary blue or red lighting conditions were also observed in the seedlings during supplementary radiation.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop an observation program for obtaining effective flat images that are necessary for photometric observation. The development of the program was achieved by improving the existing method for obtaining twilight flat images. The existing method for obtaining twilight flat images acquires flat images by observing the sky light after sunset or light before sunrise. The decision of when to observe flat images at each night is solely dependent on the judgment of an observer, and thus the obtained flat images for particular nights may not be clean. Especially, in the case of the observatories where an automated observation system is in operation, there is a difficulty that an observer should pay attention during sunrise and sunset in order to obtain flat images. In this study, a computer program is developed to improve this inconvenience and to efficiently perform photometric observation in the observatories where an automated observation system is applied. This program can obtain flat images by calculating the time for obtaining flat images automatically and the exposure time using a numerically calculated function. When obtaining twilight flat images at dusk and at dawn, the developed program performs automated observation and provides effective flat images by acquiring appropriate exposure time considering the sunrise and sunset times that vary depending on the day of observation. The code for performing this task was added to Obs Tool II (Yoon et al. 2006), which is the automated observation system of the Chungbuk National University Observatory, and the usefulness of the developed program was examined by performing an actual automated observation. If this program is applied to other observatories where automated observation is in operation, it is expected that stable and high-quality flat images could be obtained, which can be used for the pre-processing of photometric observation data.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

고속의 주행속도로 고속도로를 주행하는 운전자는 교통사고 예방을 위하여 일반도로 운전자와 비교하여 도로선형, 교통상황, 환경요인에 보다 신속하고 능동적으로 반응해야 한다. 특히 야간 및 일출몰 시간대에는 운전자의 도로선형변화 인지 능력이 주간 보다 떨어질 수 있으므로, 이러한 시간대에 발생하는 교통사고와 도로기하구조 특성을 체계적으로 분석하고 대응방안을 도출 것은 고속도로 교통안전 제고를 위해 대단히 중요한 작업이다. 본 연구에서는 교통안전과 고속도로의 기하구조의 특성과의 관계를 주간과 야간으로 비교하여 분석하였다. 또한 일출 및 일몰과 같이 태양의 고도가 운전자의 전방 상황주시에 영향을 주는 환경에서 도로의 선형과 교통안전과의 관계를 추가로 분석하여 위험한 도로조건을 찾고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 사고발생 시간대를 주간, 야간, 일출몰 3가지로 나누어 포아송회귀분석과 음이항회귀분석을 활용하여 고속도로 교통사고빈도 모형을 도출하였다. 분석대상 구간은 전국 고속도로 중 제한속도를 110km/h로 운영 중인 서해안선, 중부선, 중부내륙선으로 설정하였으며, 분석구간의 2007년~2010년 4년간 교통사고 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과 시간대에 따라 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 고속도로 교통사고 예방을 위해 야간 및 일출몰 시간대에 운전자의 안전운전을 지원할 수 있는 다양한 대응방안을 수립하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2011

본 연구는 보광이 착색단고추의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 생산성과 품질향상을 위한 착색단고추 재배기술 확립의 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 보광시간대별 광합성은 아침 일출 전 보광에서는 1.5-$3.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광합성속도를 나타냈으며, 일몰 후 보광은 0.5-$1.5{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광합성속도를 보여 일출 전 보광이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 보광에 따른 증산율과 기공전도도는 일출 직후 보광과 함께 높게 상승한 후 소등 후 다시 감소하였다. 보광에 따른 기공면적은 $32.2{\mu}m^2$로 나타났으며, 자연일장(무처리)은 $7.7{\mu}m^2$로 현미경상에서 거의 닫힘 상태를 보였다. 보광에 따른 생육특성에서 스피리트 품종의 경우 초장은 일출 전 후 3시간 보광에 비하여 일몰 후 3시간 보광이 크게 나타났으며, 보광처리가 자연일장에 비하여 모두 초장이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 평균 착과수는 일출 전 후 3시간 보광이 4.3개였고, 일몰 후 3시간 보광은 3.7개였으며, 자연일장은 2.6개로 보광처리가 자연일장에 비하여 착과수가 많았다. 과실의 당도는 보광처리에 따른 유의적인 효과는 없었으나, 수확시기에 따라서는 약간 차이가 있었다. 10a당 상품수량은 스피리트 품종의 경우 보광 처리시 11,605kg인 반면, 자연일장은 7.578kg이었다. 전력소모와 시설비에도 불구하고, 경제성 분석결과 순소득도 일출 후 3시간 보광이 자연일장보다 51%정도 높게 나타났다.