• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the grain size distribution and organic matters to understand the current status of the tidal flat sediment for efficient management of Suncheon Bay. We investigated the characteristics of the surface sediments in the mouth area of the Suncheon Bay at fifteen stations in April and July, 2009. Specific conclusions were as follows. The sediments in the most part of tidal flat was shown as muddy facies(clay and silt contents was more than 90%), whereas in the tidal river affected by water flow from the Dongstream was shown as sandy facies. The analyzed values of the tidal flat sediment were in the range of $1.9{\sim}3.8{\phi}$(mean $2.5{\phi}$) for sorting, and -1.5~3.2(mean -0.3) for skewness, and 1.5~14.1(mean 3.9) for kurtosis. So we knew that the tidal flat sediments in the Suncheon Bay was mainly composed by fine-grained sediment. Erosion was happened in the tidal river, whereas sedimentation was occurred in the tidal flat. The most of organic matters was derived from the Dongstream. Total organic matters shown as ignition loss was 5.75%, COD and $H_2S$ values were lower than the eutrophication level(COD; 20.0 mg/g dry, $H_2S$; 0.2 mg S/g dry). From our research the tidal flat of the Suncheon Bay is relatively fine, but a part of the flat was exceed the environmental standard. So we have to establish effective countermeasures to reduce the organic matters and nutrients derived from stream for environmental preservation of the Suncheon bay and conduct scientifically sustainable monitering for streams flowing into Suncheon Bay and tidal flat.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2011

In this study, a digital elevation model (DEM) in tidal flat of Suncheon Bay, one of the most ecological preserved area in the world, was generated from digital aerial stereo-images. The focal lengths for the aerial stereo-images were adjusted using ground control points (GCPs) in order to improve the accuracy of camera parameters. We proposed matching sizes suitable for generating DEM in tidal flat and a method for eliminating excessive position errors using intersection-distance($P_R$) threshold value. The accuracies of the DEM generated from the proposed method as well as the commercial S/W were compared with the elevation profiles measured by Total Station in the filed. As the results, the DEM generated by the proposed method showed better result (maximum deviation is a -21 centimeters) with detailed topography than DEM by the commercial S/W in the region. These results suggest that the DEM of tidal flat, which hardly obtained with the traditional methods, can be generated from digital aerial images by applying the proposed method in this study. We believe that the generated DEM in tidal flat can be an essential data for monitoring the sediment erosion and deposit of the tidal flat.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.625-641
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• 2013

This study is analyzed the environmental ecological status of Suncheon Bay and its applicable possibility to the selection criteria of UNESCO World Natural Heritage (hereafter Criteria). The study shows that the formation process of the tidal-flats in Suncheon bay could apply to the Criteria VIII, "to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history." The landscape pattern of Suncheon Bay is deduced various patterns based on 5 biotope types: tidal-flat, rice-paddy, field area, coniferous natural forest, and broadleaf natural forest. Its landscape characteristic is a harmonized composition of various landscape including mountains, rivers, fields, and tidal-flats. It is judged that the unique landscape of Suncheon Bay falls under the criteria VII, "areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance." In addition, Suncheon Bay, the habitat of the Hooded Crane as internationally endangered species, comes under the criteria X, "the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of threatened species." The study shows, however, that any other designation for protected area including national park or biosphere reserve is a prerequisite for designation of World Nature Heritage. In particular, it could evaluate whether it is qualified of the Criteria after the integrated conservation and management to the Sucheon bay as well as the southwestern tidal-flat is preceded.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.703-713
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• 2020

In this study, carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature at different elevations were observed and analyzed in the upper atmosphere of mud flat and reed beds at low tide in Suncheon Bay. The carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature sensors were mounted on the drone, and the carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature by altitude (5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 40 m) at five points in the tidal flat and reed beds were observed in the morning and afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat ranged from 453.0 to 460.2 ppm in the morning and 441.6 to 449.7 ppm in the afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the reed beds ranged from 448.9 to 452.4 ppm in the morning and 446.0 to 454.4 ppm in the afternoon. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat was higher in the morning than in the afternoon, and the carbon dioxide concentration decreased as the altitude increased. The carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the reed beds was similar in the morning and afternoon at all altitudes, and the carbon dioxide concentration decreased as the altitude increased. The correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the tidal flat in the morning was -0.54 ~ -0.77, and the correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the afternoon was 0.56 ~ 0.80. The correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and temperature observed in the morning in the reed field was low, below 0.3, and the correlation coefficient between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature observed in the afternoon was 0.35 ~ 0.77. In the upper atmosphere of the tidal flats and reed beds, the linear function was suitable for the change of carbon dioxide concentration as a air temperature, and the coefficient of determination of the estimated linear function was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Through this study, it was confirmed that the carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat and the reed beds was different, and the increase rate of carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere of the tidal flat and the reed beds was higher in the afternoon than in the morning.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.767-779
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• 2022

In this study, sediment cores were sampled from tidal flats (six sites) in the west and south coastal wetlands, the blue carbon stock in the tidal flat sediments was calculated, and the blue carbon stock characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. The sediment particle size of the west coastal tidal flats was larger than that of the south coastal tidal flats, and the organic carbon content in the south coastal tidal flats was more than twice that of the west coastal tidal flats. Blue carbon stock per unit area was 28.4~36.8 Mg/ha on the west coastal tidal flats and 69.8~89.8 Mg/ha on the south coastal tidal flats, which was more than twice higher in the south coastal tidal flats than in the west coastal tidal flats. The total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was the highest in Suncheon Bay tidal flats at 153,626 Mg, and followed by Gomso Bay tidal flats at 141,750 Mg, Hampyeong Bay tidal flats at 58,420 Mg, Dongdae Bay tidal flats at 44,900 Mg, Cheonsu Bay tidal flats at 36,880 Mg, and Jinhae Bay tidal flats at 26,205 Mg. Blue carbon stock per unit area was higher in the south coastal tidal flats, but the total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was higher in the west coast. The slope of the regression function of blue carbon stock with respect to the organic carbon content in the tidal flat sediments was estimated to be about 0.05 to 0.07, and the slope of the regression function was higher in the west coastal tidal flats than in the south coastal tidal flats.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

A natural mixed stand of Phragmites australis and Phacelurus latifolius was studied to clarify the distribution properties in a microsite in a tidal flat of Suncheon Bay. The height, density, and biomass of the shoots, as well as the biomass of the root system, were monitored for both species along with the altitude on a mound from June 2010 to October 2013. Firstly, the mean height and dry weight of both species were similar during the growth season. However, individual variations of the sizes of plants in the same species were noticeable. Secondly, the density and dry weight per unit area of P. latifolius increased, but that of P. australis decreased with the altitude on the mound. Thirdly, the root system (rhizomes and roots) of P. latifolius was mostly located in the upper layer (up to 20 cm depth), while that of P. australis was in the lower layer (over 70 cm depth) of the sediment. The roots of P. australis penetrated to the lower parts of the water table, while the roots of P. latifolius did not make contact with free water of the sediment. Fourthly, the removal of the shoot in the early growth season led to a visible reduction of biomass in the late growth season. The reduction rate was larger in P. latifolius than in P. australis. Lastly, in the area where the mound was removed, the density of P. australis increased in the first two years (2010-2011) and was highly sustained inthe last two years (2012-2013). However, the density of P. latifolius was low, and this plant was distributed at the edge of the mound only.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2016

This study is conducted for analysis of distribution of macrobenthic by using satellite image and in-situ data in the intertidal zone of Suncheon bay. The satellite images on low tide on July 7, 2010 and high tide on Sept. 25, 2010, respectively, are classified into sea water, tidal flat and land. It is to extract for intertidal zone overlaying at low tide and high tide image from previously classified image. Total number of species emergence are 196 species in the intertidal zone, and most species are emergence in the right part of the subtidal zone. The Sigambra tentaculata is the dominant species and emergence the Mediomastus californiensis, Magelona japonica, etc. It is noticed that many kind of macrobenthic distribution in the subtidal zone more than the supralittoral zone. It find out that contamination due to organic through the macrobenthic distribution with a strong resistance to organic in the subtidal zone of Suncheon Bay.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

Wind and temperature were measured with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the carbon dioxide concentration was measured using an infrared sensor in the tidal flat of Suncheon Bay. In general, as the temperature increases, the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, and as the temperature decreases, the carbon dioxide also decreases in the atmosphere. However, since photosynthesis declined immediately after the sunset, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased as the temperature decreased. In addition, near the high tide when the tidal flat is covered with seawater, the atmospheric turbulence was strong despite an increase in temperature, resulting in a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration. It is necessary to quantitatively evaluated the effects of photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric turbulence on the change of carbon dioxide concentration over tidal flat ecosystems.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2019

Suncheon Bay is a very important natural resource and various efforts have been made to protect it from the environmental pollution. Although the project to monitor the environmental changes in periodically by observing the creatures in tidal flats is processing, it is being done inefficiently by people directly observing it. In this paper, we propose an object segmentation method that can be applied to the method to automatically monitor the living creatures in the tidal flats. In the proposed method, a foreground map representing the location of objects is obtained by using a temporal difference method, and a superpixel method is applied to detect the detailed boundary of an image. Finally the region of crab is extracted by combining the foreground map and the superpixel information. Experimental results show that the proposed method separates crab regions from a tidal flat image easily and accurately.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.627-635
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• 2017

Sea level rise caused by climate change has become a global issue. Sea level rise seems to be an important factor of the research for coastal areas as it affects topography and vegetation of coasts and especially for the plan of coastal wetlands restoration which needs to be carried out for a long term, it has to be considered sufficiently. The coastal wetlands in Korea was damaged by the land reclamation project but recent concerns on the restoration have increased as its value is evaluated highly. Suncheon Bay had also reclaimed from wetlands to rice field once however this site is very active for restoration nowadays. This study estimated an effect according to sea level rise by 2100, reappearing the none dike condition of Suncheon Bay so that it can be taken account of a future plan of wetland restoration. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model(SLAMM) was selected as predicting model. The input data such as DEM(Digital Elevation Model), slope, wetlands category, sea level rise senario, tidal range and accretion rate was applied for the simulation. The results showed a decrease in tidal flat, an increase in sea area and a change of the rice field to transitional salt marsh consistently by 2100. These results of this study could be used as baseline data in the future plan of ecological restoration in Suncheon Bay.