• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

We can understand "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" and "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" which are major books on externally contracted diseases well by making a comparative study of their similarities and differences. After studying etiological causes and characteristics of disease, disease pattern, syndrome differentiation, transmutation rules, following conclusions are derived. While cold is an etiological cause of Cold damage and harms Yang qi, heat is an etiological cause of Warm disease and harms Yin qi. Cold damage and Warm disease have something in common in the respect of damage to fluid and humor and Yang qi. Exuberant heat symptom of Yang brightness disease and lesser yin heat transformation pattern have similar damage to fluid and humor as Warm disease does. Warm disease can reach qi collapse syndrome through damage to Yang qi following fluid and humor damage. In the respect of water qi, as Cold damage makes water-dampness retain easily due to cold congealing, dampness-draining diuretic medicinal and warm yang medicinal are used together. As warm disease damages fluid and humor, yin-tonifying medicinal is used and dampness-draining diuretic medicinal can be used in the case of Warm disease with dampness. In the respect of disease pattern, cold syndromes arise mostly by Cold damage except heat syndrome of grater yang disease, chest bind syndrome, stuffiness syndrome, reverting yin disease and yang brightness disease. Warm disease is classified as pure heat syndrome and heat syndrome with bowel excess, damage to yin, qi collapse or damage to blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

This study on "Wenbingtiaobian" covers identifying pattern of prescription, understanding system of multiple syndrome differentiations, characteristics of treatment and medicinal substances. The source books are "Korean translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanghanlun", "Jinkuiyaolueyishi", "Chinese Medicine Formulas". "Wenbingtiaobian" has system of multiple patterns including three energizer syndrome differentiation, classification of disease, six meridian syndrome differentiation and wei-qi-ying-xue syndrome differentiation. That describes cause, location, nature, power and transmutation of disease. Wei-qi-ying-xue pattern is meaningful to warm-heat disease and three energizer pattern is relevant to dampness-heat disease. The warm disease shows mostly yang brightness bowel syndrome and patterns of three yin viscera. In aspect of the heat disease, qi aspect pattern makes up the largest number of syndrome differentiation and have sometimes with bowel excess or fluid deficiency. And treatment for wei aspect pattern is primarily 'outthrust the pathogen with pungent-cool'. Deficiency cold pattern and cold pattern with dampness occupy most of cold patterns. And many dampness patterns are dampness-heat pattern in middle energizer and 'inhibited lung qi transforming' is major mechanism. Patterns with fluid deficiency in qi aspect syndrome appear mostly in upper or middle energizer and in xue aspect syndrome appear mostly in lower energizer and they form 20% of all syndrome differentiations. The treatment of clearing heat uses pungent-cool(cold) for upper energizer, sweet-cold for middle energizer, sweet(salty)-cold for lower energizer. The treatment of tonifying yin uses mostly salty-cold for middle or lower energizer. The treatment of outthrusting pathogen is applied to all the wei-qi-ying-xue aspect combined with other treatments by using pungent-cool(cold) and light herbs. Understanding diseases in the respect of syndrome differentiation can enhance understanding of modern diseases from a perspective of Korean Traditional Medicinal(KTM) and can make clinical application of KTM treatments easy. Data from this study are expected to be basic for standardization and systemization of KTM.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2013

Yang deficiency pattern is a representative syndrome differentiation. This article is a study on to which categories of modern diseases yang deficiency is assigned by reference to modern clinical papers and the meaning of yang deficiency interpreted with a perspective of Korean Medicine and a modern perspective. Yang deficiency, yang qi deficiency, lack of yang qi and yang qi debilitation are the words found in "Nei Ching" and yang qi can be interpreted as something to warm, drive and arouse. Zhangzhongjing considered recovery or loss of Yang as the key to life in "Shanghanlun". Danxi proposed "Yang being liable to hyperactivity, Yin being insufficient" and emphasized pathological ministerial fire of Yang exuberance rather than physiological ministerial fire of Yang deficiency. Zhangjingyue proposed "Yang not being in excess, Yin being often deficient" and understood growth and decline of yin qi are all led by yang qi and put emphasis on true yin in addition to yang qi. Diseases of yang deficiency pattern are related with decline of metabolic level, hypofunction of internal secretion, disorder of immune function, disorder of automatic nerve system, sympathetic nerve inhibition, metabolic disorder of microelements, increase of cGMP, change of microcirculation, low speed of blood stream, kidney malfunction. Diseases related with kidney are sterility, polycystic ovary syndrome, spinal stenosis, edema, renal failure, IgA nephropathy, erectile dysfunction, nephritis, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, decrease of adrenal cortical hormone by nephrotic syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome. Disease related with heart are heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary heart disease. Diseases related with spleen are irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis. Diseases related with liver are hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis ascites, hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis, hepatic diabetes. Diseases related with lung are allergic rhinitis, cough variant asthma, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema. And diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, aplastic anemia, headache, encephalatrophy, Alzheimer's disease are also related with yang deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.1 s.19
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

Objectives : The study investigated the actual condition of the class for Qi-gong gymnastics among health promotion service programs using oriental medicines, which the public health center has been conducting for local residents. Method : Of a total of 964 oriental medical physician in public health center across the country, it examined 27 places consisting of public health centers and public health sub-centers, and public hospitals, all of which were running the class for Qi-gong gymnastics. Then, it carried out the tele research of those oriental medical physicians in charge of the class there. Result : As a result, area that is enforcing the Class for Qi-gong Gymnastics was expose each attempt that difference is particularly, and appeared by thing which form and practice law that operate the classroom are various. Also, in many cases, the oriental medical physicians instructed the gymnastics directly instead of inviting an external lecturer. Conclusions : In conclusion, based on the contents surveyed, by making the well-organized system of the class for Qi-gong excercise; by developing the common excercise and texts; and by publicizing and educating the oriental medical physicians engaged in public health, that the Class for Qi-gong Gymnastics is real in health promotion of local residents.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2010

Background : It was not enough to apply three kinds of syndrome differentiation in our oriental medical textbook to tremor's treatment according to reports of Korea and traditional medical textbook of China. Objective : To investigate syndrome differentiations by types of diseases related to tremor through Chinese journals review and to suggest adding possible syndrome differentiations. Methods : Literature search was performed using China Academic Journal (CAJ), the search engine of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1994 to December 2009. Searching key words were Chinese characters in combination meaning tremor, paralysis agitans, and syndrome differentiation. We included all types of articles that explained or referred to definite syndrome differentiations. The symptoms and oriental medications by syndrome differentiation in selected articles were extracted and summarized. Results : 56 Chinese journals were ultimately selected. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiations about tremor were investigated, which included dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛) quoted 31 times, liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧) 23 times, liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足) 21 times, and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) 20 times. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiation could by group into eight types, such as liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風), heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風). Conclusion : We suggest that the syndrome differentiations of tremor, such as heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風), can be added to liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) of the textbook. Further systematic research will be needed on them.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.17-47
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• 2018

Objectives: The three nations of far Northeastern Asia, namely China, Korea, and Japan, have developed a tradition of Asian medicine within a common cultural realm. Studying Japan's Yunqi not only helps our understanding of Japanese traditional medicine, but the course of development taken by the three nations' traditional Asian medicine as a whole. Methods: All books relating to Yunqi published in Japan were studied, with special focus on books that are especially more important. Results: It is assumed that Japan's first book on Yunqi is 吉田宗桂's Ungiileonjib. The Japanese mainstream study on Yunqi is the annotations and studies on Suwenrushiyungilunao, written by Liuwenshu. YunQiLunAoKouYiis the first annotation on Suwenrushiyungilunao and had the greatest impact. Yunqilunjujie is an annotation book written by a Confucian scholar, and Yunqilunaoshuchao an annotation book composed by a Confucian doctor who was a thorough expert on sinology and the annotations ranged greatly from medical books, Confucian books, historical books and hundred schools of books. Aotouyunqilun is the most slight in terms of annotations compared to other annotation books, and Yunqilunaoyanjie is special in that it writes with both Chinese characters and Japanese language in order to help easier understanding by the novice scholars. Conclusions: Suwenrushiyunqilunao includes astronomy, geography, delivery sound, calendar, the eight trigrams, the Twelve laws, Shier chen, Constellation of twenty eight, Thirty-six birds, and secret days, which is leading to further study in these fields. Suwenrushiyunqilunao also contains excerpts from Suwen Liujiecangxianglun to describe the algorithm of the operation of Sun and Moon, which is also leading a further study in the field.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

Three burning space concentrating mainly on the text of ${\ll}NeiChing{\gg}$, we got this conclusion by looking at a longitudial perspective of three burning space function, nutrient & defensive qi creation, movement and numbers. 1. Longitudial movement is the law of the universe, by looking at oriental medicine by the thought of heaven and man unity we can tell that longitudial movement concept is used to analyze the physiology of our body. And we can look at our body in a cubic movement suck as top and bottom, left and right, outside and inside, internal and external, upward and downward movement. 2. In Nei Ching the concept of three burning space is seperated in to four different types of three burning space which are three burning space as a fu, three burning space as a water metabolism and excretion organ, and three burning space by its position. 3. nutrient & defensive qi's movement in the channel is the same as the twelve regular channels movement in our body, nutrient qi circulates the yang part twenty five during the day and circulates the ying part twenty five times during the night. Since channel functions corresponds with the sun, moon, and the stars the ups and downs of nutrient & defensive qi's property varies with the difference of the periods. 4. By comparing nutrient & defensive qi's production and property with three burning space's positional property, we can see that three burning space's positional property comes out from the longitudial movement of nutrient & defensive qi.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2010

In Neijing("內經"), it explains heaven, earth, four seasons(天地四時) take part in human's birth, it gives influence on life support, and have organic relationship between body and movement of sun and earth(日月運行) of heaven and earth. Human body and the natural world corresponds, so the time changes in the natural world give immediate influence to human body, and correspond changes happen inside human body. This has no exception in qi of human(人氣), meridians, the viscera and organs(臟腑) and so on. In time, there are many kinds of cycles such as year, month, 10 days and a day. Yin and yang and the five elements in each cycle shows changes of prosperity and decay and transformation. In a year, there are spring, summer, late summer, fall and winter which are each included to wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Spring and summer belong to yang(陽), and fall and winter belong to yin(陰). A day can be divided into the crowing of the cook, dawn, noon, and twilight. After midnight yin falls and yang rises(陰盡陽生), and after noon yang falls and yin rises(陽盡陰生). Ups and downs of the qi and blood and human body change with time and the region of whereabout is different. In one month, when the moon is full qi of blood rises and when the moon comes down qi of blood falls. The qi of meridian(經氣) has a periodical changes with regular movement in meridian. This is a result of continuing movement of meridian and the nutrient(營) and the defense(衛) in human body, stars correspond with ups, and correspond with flow of water of meridian(經水) with downs. In a day the twelve meridians(十二經脈) in hour of yin(hours 3~5), it starts with qi and blood of lung meridian(手太陰肺經) prosperous, each qi and blood of meridian prosperous in order. In eight extra meridians(奇經八脈), Bideungpalbup(飛騰八法) per 5 days, Younggoopalbup(靈龜八法) per 60 days qi of pulse(脈氣) changes correspond. The qi and blood of five meridian points(五兪穴) is 5 days, so.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of cerebral blood flow velocity by different types of suggestion in normal subject. Methods : Suggestion of ascending qi inducement and descending qi inducement which were recomposed from autogenic training, was operated on 60 normal subjects individually. Then cerebral blood flow velocity was examined by Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) each 5 minutes before and after suggestion. Results : The result shows that cerebral blood flow(CBF) velocity was increased significantly in suggestion of ascending qi inducement and CBF velocity was decreased significally after 1 minute in suggestion of descending qi inducement. Conclusion : Suggestion could have affected to CBF velocity, and also different types of suggestion could have affected to the change of brain blood flow. Various clinical studies should be completed on patients in the future.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.165-206
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• 2001

After this study, I report the following result from it 1. 'Qiao zhang' is the symptoms that the abdomen is distension and fullness, but face, eye, four limb is not dropsial swelling. It corresponds to the Gu zhang(?脹), Zhang man(脹滿), Jiju(積聚), Dan fu zhang(單腹脹), Zhong man(重滿) of the Oriental Medicine. 2. The cause and overeating and, and malfunction pathology of the 'Qiao zhang' were accumulation of water cause of overeating and, overdrinking, the hurt of feeling, overwork, infection of blood sucker and malfunction of liver, spleen and kidney for jandice and Jiji(積聚) 3. The treatment of the 'Qiao zhang' was reinforcing middle-energizer and replenishing Qi and allevating water retention because middle-energizer were much weak. 4. The prescription of the 'Qiao zhang' that Zhang man fen xiao wan(中滿分消散) were 16 times the most. Zhang man fen xiao tang(中滿分消湯), Guang man kui jian tang(廣茂潰堅湯), ren shen gui pi tang(人蔘芎歸湯), Yu yu liang wan(禹餘糧丸), mun xiang sun qi tang(木香順氣散) were next. 5. The single herb of the prescription of the 'Qiao zhang' that were Auckrandiae Radix(木香), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮) for rephenshing qi drug, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Phieoma(白朮), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Magnoliae Cortex(厚朴) for regurating qi drug, Pinelliae Rhzoma(半夏) for dischanging phlegm drug.