• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.116-121
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• 2013

Panaroma Sun roof's sun shade motor elicits two major sounds when operating: the tonal sound and the white noises. Generally, the sound related to the sharpness contributes the most to the quality of motors' tonal sound. The primary purpose of this study was to set the loudness of the motor's objective tonal sound utilizing the masking effect by its white noises. To conduct this study, the sound made by the operating sun shade motor was categorized into two different subsets of masker and test tone to examine the masking threshold. Also, the shifts of masking threshold were observed with the varying masker loudness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of light intensities on the growth responses, carbohydrate contents and the characteristics of leaf gas exchange in Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum purpurascens. The plant height and leaf length were increased to about 30% in the sun. However, those were reduced severely in the shade, and leaf necrosis was also observed. The representative growth index and the dry weight of 2 species were 50% higher than shade and the rate was reduced according to the decrease of light intensities. Total carbohydrate contents showed very similar changes to that of dry weight. However, any notable influences were observed at above the light intensities of 250~500${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the half shade. The size of spikes and the earliest spiking appeared in the sun and the spike color was decolorized as decreased in light intensities, irrespective of species. Photosynthetic rate of 2 species was 2 times higher in the sun than those in the shade, and it showed the typical photoresponses of sun plant. Stomatal conductances and intercelluar $CO_2$ concetration showed similar changes to that of photosynthetic rate. On the contrary, vapor pressure deficit was increased more in the shade than in the sun.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.796-802
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on free amino acids and dipeptide contents, Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory property of beef jerky products. The drying methods used for this study were sun-drying, shade-drying and hot air-drying methods. The sun-dried beef jerky had the highest free amino acids (277.45 mg/100 g) followed by shade-dried (206.43 mg/100 g) and hot air-dried (111.88 mg/100 g) ones, whereas the amount of dipeptides were the highest in the shade-dried beef jerky followed by sun-dried and hot air-dried ones. The fatty acid composition of the beef jerky was not shown any difference among the beef jerkies with 3 different drying methods. The color $L^*$-value of the beef jerky was lower in the hot-air dried, while the $a^*$-value was higher in the sun-dried one. The shade-dried jerky showed a lower $b^*$-value. The shear force of beef jerky was lower when it was either sun-dried or shade-dried than when it was hot air-dried. Sensory evaluation revealed that hot air-dried beef jerky scored lower than the sun-dried and shade-dried ones (p<0.05). Therefore, using either the sun drying or shade drying methods is more desirable than using the hot air drying method when manufacturing beef jerky for superior physicochemical qualities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of drying methods and drying time on the changes in anthocyanin content in colored barley. Colored barley cultivar Boanchalbori was harvested at a time when the anthocyanin content was the most and dried in afield. The harvested barley was then treated by two methods, sun drying and shade drying, for 4, 8, 24, and 32 h. The moisture content of the sun-dried barley decreased slightly faster than shade-dried samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Chemical analysis indicated that the samples dried under shaded conditions had slightly higher crude fiber and lower nitrogen free extract, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in the total digestible nutrients between the two methods. In the case of sun-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased compared to the control and shade-dried samples after drying for 4 h (p < 0.05), was maintained at a constant level at 24 h, and then decreased at 32 h. In case of shade-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased gradually with the drying time, and a significant decrease was found at 24 h of drying (p<0.05) as compared to the control. The shade-dried method was more successful in reducing anthocyanin loss than the sun-dried method (p<0.05). There was a slight decrease in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging with drying time in the shade-dried method, and a significant decrease after 4 h with the sun-dried method. These results showed that covering with a two-layer awning was advantageous to dry colored barley in the field conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.857-864
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• 2016

In this study, we proposed a novel concept of electric sun visor comprising a dark, see-through sun shade material that ensures unimpaired driver's vision with continuous control of the shade position. The shade extending from the windshield base along its surface may be subjected to severe vibration during driving unless the design parameters are carefully selected. A prototype was tested to collect acceleration data during driving. Based on the test data, an ADAMS dynamics model was validated. The mechanism of sun visor was optimized to minimize vibration based on the dynamics model, experimental design, and response surface method.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.81-92
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the factors of Knowledge and attitudes related to sun safety and to determine the factors affecting sun protection behavior. The subjects were 167 adults in their twenties living in Busan. The results were as follows. 1. Four factors of knowledge about sun safety were identified: ultraviolet ray risk, sunscreen, sun protective clothing, and nil protective color. 2. Four factors of attitudes toward sun exposure were identified: attractiveness, emotion, conformity, and health concern. 3. Four factors of sun protection behavior were identified: sunscreen/parasol, shade, hat/sunglasses, and sun protective clothing. 4. Compared to women, men were relatively more risk to skin damage due to less proportion that used sunscreen and a parasol. 5. Factors of sun protective behavior, such as sunscreen/parasol, shade, hat/sunglasses, and sun protective clothing, were associated with the Knowledge related to ultraviolet ray risk. 6. Wearing a hat and sunglasses was predicted by the attractiveness, which defined as positive attitudes toward tanned appearance. 7. Shade use was affected by the perception of sun exposure as happiness and relaxing. 8. Health concern was the strongest predictor of sunscreen/parasol use.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2008

Available daylight in inside offers comfortable view environment, and psychological and physical advantages to people in the room. But, it has a problem of an excessive direct sunlight. This study calculated daylight responsive dimming control slope by Roller Shade system with Mock-up test. With three 1/2 scale Mock-up rooms, we performed a test for calculation of daylight responsive dimming control slope in different shade height of each room through the different height of roller shade systems. This research will be used as a fundamental study for automated roller shade systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2008

Available daylight in inside offers comfortable view environment, and psychological and physical advantages to people in the room. But, it has a problem of an excessive direct sunlight. This study analyzed daylight distribution characteristic by roller shade systems with a Mock-up test. With three 1/2 Scale Mock-up rooms, we performed a test of daylight distribution performance in different shade height of each room through the different height of roller shade. systems. This research will be used as a fundamental study for automated roller shade systems.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.531-539
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• 2012

To determine the effects of various drying methods on the quality characteristics of beef jerky from low-valued cuts, Hanwoo beef shank muscles were either hot air-dried, shade-dried, or sun-dried. The physicochemical quality and microbiological safety of the Hanwoo beef jerky were analyzed during a storage of $25^{\circ}C$. Moisture content and water activity ($a_w$) of the samples decreased as the time period of storage increased, regardless of the drying condition (p<0.05). Shade-dried jerky showed higher $a_w$ compared to others after storage of 20 d (p<0.05). The pH value of hot air-dried jerky was higher than those of others (p<0.05). For color properties, sun-dried samples showed higher redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) compared with the properties of others (p<0.05). The hot air-dried jerky showed higher shear force values than the sun-dried or the shade-dried jerky after 10 and 20 d (p<0.05). However, the total plate counts (TPCs) of naturally dried jerky (shade and sundried) were higher than hot-air dried jerky after storage of 10 and 20 d (p<0.05). With regard to sensory properties, naturally dried jerky showed higher tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores than the hot air-dried jerky (p<0.05). In conclusion, although natural drying appears to be more susceptible to microbiological contamination than hot air-drying, the natural drying method seems to result in superior quality than the hot air drying method.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Three evergreen ground-cover species were tested and evaluated for cold acclimation with different lights in central Korea to enrich the varieties of ground cover plants for over-wintering. Nandina domestica which recently started to be planted in central Korea had high chlorophyll unit with shade condition in both locations, Banpo and Gwacheon during winter. Light condition had no influence on chlorophyll unit in Banpo after April, meanwhile full sun condition decreased chlorophyll unit significantly in Gwacheon, which is exposed to cold wind from north. Ophiopogon japonicas had more than double chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to that in full light condition in both investigation areas in February. In addition, higher value of L and b in shade condition had been maintained than in full sun condition throughout investigation period. However, leaves in Gwacheon were de-colorized in full sun condition after over-wintering. Pachysandra terminalis had more higher chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to in full sun condition in both investigation areas in February. But light conditions had not effect the difference of chlorophyll unit of Gwacheon in April. Therefore, The present results suggest that evergreen ground covers with shade condition would be used as landscape materials in the capital area.