• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2005

Estrogenic and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of 45 edible and medicinal plants were evaluated by ${\beta}-galactosidase$ assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay, and TBARS inhibition rate, respectively. Total polyphenol contents were in the range of 8.6 (Panax notoginseng Buck F.H. Chen.)-594.7 (Amomum globosum Loureiro) mg/g. Direct correlation between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content $(r^2=0.61)$ was established through simple regression analysis, whereas no correlation was observed between TBARS inhibition rate or ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and polyphenol content. Among medicinal plants screened, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Rheum undulatum L. showed strong antioxidant and estrogenic activities. Results of this study could be used as fundamental data for selecting potential phytoestrogen candidates.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if physical activity levels relieve the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) according to smoking intensity among smoking men. Methods: Secondary data from the 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this cross sectional study. A total of 3,027 men over the age of 19 were included for data analysis. Complex samples logistic regression was used to analyze the combined effects of smoking and physical activity on Mets. Smoking intensity was categorized as light (${\leq}20cigarettes/day$) or heavy (> 20 cigarettes/day), while physical activity was categorized as light (< 600 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week), moderate (600-3,000 MET-min/week), and vigorous (${\geq}3,000MET-min/week$). Results: Mets was less prevalent among light smokers with vigorous physical activity (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.632, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.475-0.840) compared to those with light physical activity. Among heavy smokers, physical activity level was not significantly associated with Mets. Conclusion: Only vigorous physical activity exerted protective effects against development of Mets among low intensity smokers. For high intensity smokers, lowering smoking intensity and smoking cessation are also necessary to prevent development of Mets.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

In order to find less toxic antiviral agents from basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was prepared from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. EA was examined for antiviral activity against five strains of pathogenic viruses such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana and New Jersey strains, influenza A virus (Flu A), and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in vitro. Antiviral activity was evaluated by plaque reduction assay. Among five strains of viruses tested, EA exhibited the most potent antiviral activity against VSV Indiana strain with 50% effective concentration $(EC_{50})$ of 0.104 mg/ml in Vero cells, and its selectivity index (SI) was 36.5. EA was also examined for the virucidal activity, antiviral activity in preincubation on VSV Indiana strain in order to examine possible mode of antiviral activity. Preincubation of Vero cells with EA did not confer protection against VSV, however, prolonged exposure of cells to EA inhibited the replication of virus dose-dependently. In virucidal activity, the titer of infectious virus did not decrease significantly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.458-462
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• 2003

The antioxidant activity of the stem bark from Albizzia julibrissin was evaluated for its potential to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, to inhibit the generation of the hydroxyl radical ($\cdot OH$), total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to scavenge authentic peroxynitrites ($ONOO^{-}$). The methanol extract of A. julibrissin exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the tested model systems. Therefore, it was further fractionated using several solvents. The antioxidant activity of the individual fractions were in the order of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) ＞ n-butanol (n-BuOH) ＞ dichloromethane ($CH_2 CI-2$) ＞ and water ($H_2O$). The ethyl acetate soluble fraction, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity, was further purified by repeated silicagel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 gel column chromatography. Sulfuretin (1) and 3 ,4 ,7-trihydroxyflavone (2) were isolated as the active principles. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited good activity in all tested model systems. Compound 1 exhibited five times more inhibitory activity on the total ROS than Trolox. Compound 2 showed six times stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid. These results show the possible antioxidant activity of the A. julibrissin crude extract and its major constituents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Fifteen herbs used in oral medicine were extracted in ethanol and screened for tooth whitening effect, radical scavenging activity, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and anti-bacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans. The results are as followed: 1. The tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing 1 $\%$ ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested in brushing method using artificially stained HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. Toothpaste containing 1$\%$ of Vucia unijuga, Illicium verum, Angelica dahurica and Piper longum extracts showed tooth whitening effects on both HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. But the others did not show a considerable activity. 2. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Two ethanol extracts of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis were found to be the most effective on radical scavenging activity. C. heracleifolia and P. nigra var. henonis extracts removed 86$\%$ and 81 $\%$ of DPPH radical at 0.01$\%$, compared with butylated hydroxy toluene as positive control. 3. The inhibition activity of ethanol extracts on nitrate production In RAW264.7 cell stimulated by lipopolysacchride was tested using the Griess reagent. But all extracts did not inhibit nitrate production. 4. The antibacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans was tested by paper disk method. But no one extract showed any anti - bacterial activity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Background: Hibernating bats exhibit ubiquitous winter activity in temperate zones, but there is considerable between- and within-species variety in their intensity and purpose. Bats may fly during winter for sustenance or travel to other hibernacula. This study compared inter-regional variation in the winter activity of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). We predicted that weather and hibernacula-environmental conditions would influence winter activity patterns. Results: Winter activity patterns differed between regions. In the Anseong area, we confirmed movement inside the hibernaculum, but in Hampyeong, we observed movement both inside and between hibernacula. The two regions differ by $4^{\circ}C$ in average winter temperatures. Anseong experiences 22 days during which average daily temperatures exceeded $5^{\circ}C$, whereas Hampyeong experienced 50 such days. During the hibernating period, bat body weight decreased by approximately 17-20% in both regions. Conclusions: Ambient temperatures and winter-roost environments appear to be behind regional differences in hibernating bat activity. As winter temperatures in Korea do not favor insect activity, feeding probability is low for bats. However, bats may need to access water. At Anseong, underground water flows inside the hibernaculum when the reservoir outside is frozen. At Hampyeong, the hibernaculum does not contain a water source, but the reservoir outside does not freeze during winter. In conclusion, water-source location is the most likely explanation for regional variation in the winter activity of hibernating bats.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of seasonal change in characteristics of hygiene activity on domestic hot water energy consumption. With 16 residents of 4 households, the data about frequency of hygiene activity and water temperature was collected from February to August, 2017. The results of collected data discovered that the frequency of hygiene activity was higher especially in summer, whereas the consumption of warm water they used was higher in winter. The seasonal change in characteristics of hygiene activity was analyzed to be changed and strongly influenced by outdoor temperature. The influence of characteristics of hygiene activity on hot water consumption was analyzed. There was 13% of difference between consumption that was calculated taking characteristics of hygiene activity into account and consumption that was not. Therefore, this study suggested hygiene activity schedule, hot water profile and hot water consumption pattern, which can be utilized for improving simulation as well.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Stellar magnetic activity is important for formulating the evolution of the star. To represent the stellar magnetic activity, the S index is defined using the Ca II H+K flux measure from the Mount Wilson Observatory. Mg II lines are generated in a manner similar to the formation of Ca II lines, which are more sensitive to weak chromospheric activity. Mg II flux data are available from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). Thus, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the magnetic activity of stars. We used 343 high-resolution IUE spectra of 14 main-sequence G stars to obtain the Mg II continuum surface flux and Mg II line-core flux around 2,800 Å. We calculated S index using the IUE spectra and compared it with the conventional Mount Wilson S index. We found a color (B - V ) dependent association between the S index and the Mg II emission line-core flux. Furthermore, we attempted to obtain the magnetic activity cycles of these stars based on the new S index. Unfortunately, this was not successful because the IUE observation interval of approximately 17 years is too short to estimate the magnetic activity cycles of G-type stars, whose cycles may be longer than the 11 year mean activity cycle of the sun.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.960-968
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• 2023

The rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin. is used for vomiting and belching by clearing stomach and the sprout is used as tea. Phragmites japonica is similar with P. communis except the color of sheath is purple. This study is aimed to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity, total polyphenol and flavonoids contents of P. communis and P. japonica. The antioxidant activities of fractions from the two Phragmites plants were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity varied with plant parts and extract solvents. The fractions of leaf extract from the two Phragmites plants (4.06±1.32-16.47±1.28%) showed higher antioxidant activity by DPPH assay compared with rhizome fractions of two Phragmites plants (0.00±0.00-14.15±0.07%), these are lower compared with ascorbic acid and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found for rhizome ether fraction, namely 74.95±0.56% and 73.04±1.85% for P. communis and P. japonica, these are higher than BHA. The total polyphenol and flavonoids contents were different with plant parts and extract solvents, likewise antioxidant activity. A significant correlation was shown between DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Considering the results of this study, the leaves and stems of P. communis and P. japonica are expected to be used as natural antioxidants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

To determine the cytotoxic activity of natural compounds, chromatographic separation of the hexanesoluble fraction from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum led to the isolation of four steroids and one triterpenoid. They were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stella sterol (2), ergosterol (3), 9(11)-dehydroergostrol peroxide (4), and ganodermanontriol (5) based on spectroscopic evidence and physicochemical properties. These compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60, MCF-7, and LLC cancer cell lines. Ganodermanontriol (5) showed cytotoxic activity with IC$_{50}$ values of 24.8 and 22.9 $\mu$g/mL against HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, respectively, whereas compounds 1 - 4 were inactive.