• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

In recent years, natural healing space studies have been done in health care and forestry. However, previous studies have focused on healing effects of natural elements in interior space or natural landscape view. And there is a limit to using the evidence for healing space design. The aim of this study is to discover the relationship between types and effects of healing space for evidence-based design. This study compares and analyzes the mayor images, psychological restorativeness, and satisfaction to identify the effects and differences of natural trail, designed trail, natural shelter, and designed shelter by types of forest space. Collected data is analyzed with a factorial analysis, valiance analysis and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Among five factors consisting psychological restorativeness, natural trail can be achieved with 'being away' and 'compatibility' and designed shelter can be achieved with 'fascination' and 'coherence'., 2) Psychological restorativeness values higher in images with higher excitement, brightness, vitality, and beautifulness as well as in images with lower level of disorder., 3) Among five factors consisting psychological restorativeness, higher forest satisfaction can be achieved with a higher level of 'being away' and 'coherence'. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing fundamental information for design guidelines of healing spaces through identifying the characteristics of healing environment by types of forest space.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

This paper presents a design and implementation of U-Seum(Ubiquitous Museum) system based on the LBS(Location Based Service) and mobile augmented reality technique. The mobile services under the smart space of the ubiquitous environments have been expanded in the various fields. In this study, we introduce U-Seum which supports tourists in the museum. U-Seum is developed by use of the position tracking technique based on Wi-Fi and mobile augmented reality. The GPS which is widely used in the position tracking has a difficulty to be utilized in the inside of the building because it requires the Line-of-Sight between a sender and a receiver. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a realtime tour-supported service through experience and evaluate the performance of the system in the world famous UNESCO's Hwa-Seong Museum by measuring the distance from the Wi-Fi signal which is suitable to track the position interior of the museum. U-Seum provides various push services such as mobile augmented reality service for explanation of the artifacts of the museum, game services and the statistics information of the tourist when the tourist approach a specific AP. U-Seum is developed in the Haw-Seong Museum by the support of the Swon Haw-Seong Cultural Foundation. With a field test, we prove that the excellence and expandability of the system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

This study has conducted an experiment of comparing the flame resistant performance and combustion characteristics according to flame resistant treatment using the Cypress Luba and particle board that is commonly used for interior decoration and furniture. As a result of testing the flame resistant performance of Cypress Luba, the Cypress Luba injected with flame resistant resin using the vacuum pressure treatment has shown to have better performances (carbonized area 9.55% and carbonized length 22.91%) than the Cypress Luba treated with flame resistant coating having rubberized plastic components on its surface. For particle board, the specimen attached with fireproof film was identified to be better (carbonized area 40.10% and carbonized length 43.40%) than the specimen with non-fireproof film. For the results of combustion characteristics using the Cone Calorimeter, the specimen treated with flame resistant coating on the surface had faster ignition than the Cypress Luba injected with fire resistant resin using vacuum pressure treatment, and in the total release of calories, the Cypress Luba injected with fire resistant resin using vacuum pressure had $68.2MJ/m^2$, and the specimen treated with fire resistant coating on the surface had $111.52MJ/m^2$. For the particle board, the ignition time had a little difference but in the total release of calories, the specimen attached with fireproof film had $90.1MJ/m^2$ and the specimen with non-fireproof film had $107.6MJ/m^2$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

As the 3D Greenery system is known to improve the urban environment, it works as new alternative for eco-friendly building and warrants further study for application to the domestic field. This study aimed to apply the design components for eco-friendly composition by investigating the spatial characteristics of the 3D Greenery System reflected in interior and exterior of buildings and to analyze the organization and design elements of domestic and foreign cases. The results showed that instances of the Greenery System tended to be a large scale and high-density development in order to expand various exterior spaces. Although its early forms were often found in such public facilities as exhibition and education purpose, cases of multi-unit dwelling have been growing. Allowing apartment residents to prefer intimate space by providing various such spaces for residential units and offering independent green spaces would induce diverse residents' lifestyles rather than monotonous design. The analysis also indicated that community space composed of various outdoor spaces and atmosphere would change life patterns of multi-housing and establish a real neighborhood through social interaction. Moreover, further investigation of the design patterns of outdoor space arrangement is needed since the Greenery system actively reflects the environmental characteristics of building sites and clearly shows a tendency to utilize natural terrain and slope in building shapes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2021

This study is to strengthen the competitiveness of 5-star hotel restaurants in Seoul, and the paired sample t-test was used. As a result of the study, first, the importance variables of hotel restaurants were measured as high variables such as'taste and quality of food(4.30)' and'diversity of menus(4.17)'. Second, the variables satisfied by customers visiting hotel restaurants were 'quantity of food(3.86)', 'taste and quality of food(3.78)', and 'diversity of menus(3.75)', etc. were surveyed. Third, as a result of IPA analysis, the variables in the first quadrant were the restaurant staff's expertise, cleanliness of the restaurant, the taste and quality of the food, the variety of menus, rapid service, food plating, the amount of food served, and the atmosphere of the restaurant. External environment, etc. were derived. In the second quadrant, cleanliness of restaurant tableware, freshness of food, and restaurant view were investigated. In the third quadrant, the reputation, restaurant toilet cleanliness, table cleanliness, parking facilities, transportation and convenience, etc. belong to this. Finally, variables belonging to the fourth quadrant were investigated such as reasonable price, cost-effectiveness and affordability, friendliness of restaurant staff, clothing and appearance of restaurant staff, and restaurant interior.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.152-162
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• 2022

This study developed simulation model for predicting the greenhouse interior environment using artificial intelligence machine learning techniques. Various methods have been studied to predict the internal environment of the greenhouse system. But the traditional simulation analysis method has a problem of low precision due to extraneous variables. In order to solve this problem, we developed a model for predicting the temperature inside the greenhouse using machine learning. Machine learning models are developed through data collection, characteristic analysis, and learning, and the accuracy of the model varies greatly depending on parameters and learning methods. Therefore, an optimal model derivation method according to data characteristics is required. As a result of the model development, the model accuracy increased as the parameters of the hidden unit increased. Optimal model was derived from the GRU algorithm and hidden unit 6 (r² = 0.9848 and RMSE = 0.5857℃). Through this study, it was confirmed that it is possible to develop a predictive model for the temperature inside the greenhouse using data outside the greenhouse. In addition, it was confirmed that application and comparative analysis were necessary for various greenhouse data. It is necessary that research for development environmental control system by improving the developed model to the forecasting stage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.75-85
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• 2004

The natural dyes from Gardenia jasminoides, Carthamus tinctorius L., Rhus javanica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Caesalpinia sappan L., and Castanea crenata were extracted under different pH in distilled water, As the pH in distilled water went from acid to alkali, the much deeper colors in the same color tone were generated from the individual plant species. Before dyeing, wood species were treated by different mordants including AI, Cu, Cr and Fe for color-fixing between wood and the natural dyes. Each mordant could develop independent color on the surface of the woods. The wood species dyed by the natural dyes created deep-tone colors according to higher pH and temperature of the dyeing solution, leading to deeper penetration of the dyes into the wood tissues. Finally through the computer modelling of natural-dyed wood furniture, it was confirmed that the colored furniture can adequately be compatible with the current interior spaces of diverse colors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2024

This study investigated the growth characteristics of Euonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, and Peperomia puteolata treated with different calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentrations to evaluate salt tolerance limits in hydroculture cultivation. Six concentrations of CaCl₂ (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 g·L^-1 referred to as Cont., C1, C2, C5, C10, and C15) were applied to solution - grown plant species. The survival rate, growth index, plant height, plant width, leaf width, leaf length, number of leaves, and relative chlorophyll contents were measured at monthly intervals. Euonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, and Peperomia puteolata survived up to C2, C5, and C10 at each CaCl₂ concentration. The Euonymus japonicus was higher in the C1 treatment than in the Cont. for most growth characteristics. Hedera helix had the highest leaf width, leaf length, and number of leaves in the Cont., a significant difference was observed compared with the C1 treatment. The chlorophyll content did not differ significantly between the C5 and Cont. treatments. The leaf width and length of Peperomia puteolata were greater in the C2 and C1 treatments than in the Cont., whereas the number of leaves and chlorophyll content were the highest in C5. Dry weight analysis revealed that Euonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, and Peperomia puteolata were the lowest in the Cont. treatments. Euonymus japonicus was 74% in C15, and Hedera helix, and Peperomia puteolata were analyzed at approximately 37%- 50% and 9%-14%, respectively, regardless of the concentration in the CaCl₂ treatment groups. In indoor hydroponic cultivation, the salt tolerance limit concentrations of Euonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, and Peperomia puteolata are 2, 5, and 10 g·L^-1, respectively, indicating that hydroculture management techniques should be applied at higher concentrations.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

To identify rock-magnetic properties of volcanogenic hydrothermal sulfide deposits, chimneys were obtained from the Tofua Arc in Southwest Pacific, using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and Grab with AV cameras (GTVs). Three different types of chimneys used in this study are a high-temperature chimney with venting fluid-temperature of about $200^{\circ}C$ (ROV01), a low-temperature chimney of about $80^{\circ}C$ (GTV01), and an inactive chimney (ROV02). Magnetic properties of ROV01 are dominated by pyrrhotite, except for the outermost that experienced severe oxidation. Concentration and grain-size of ROV01 pyrrhotite are relatively low and fine. For GTV01, both magnetic concentration and grain-size increase from interior to margin. Pyrrhotite, dominant in the core, becomes mixed with hematite in the rim of the chimney due to secondary oxidation. High concentration and large grain-size of magnetic minerals characterize the ROV02. Dominant magnetic phases are pyrrhotite, hematite and goethite. In particular, the outermost rim shows a presence of magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacterial activity. Such distinctive contrast in magnetic concentration, grain-size and mineralogy among three different types of chimney enables the rock-magnetic study to characterize an evolution of hydrothermal deposits.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2009

In this study alkali reactivity of crushed stone was conducted according to the ASTM C 227 that is traditional mortar bar test, and C 1260 that is accelerated mortar bar test method. The morphology and chemical composition of products formed in mortar bar, 3 years after the mortar bar tests had been performed, were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with secondary electron imaging (SEI) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with backscattered electron imaging (BSEI). The crushed stone used in this study was not identified as being reactive by ASTM C 227. However, mortar bars exceeded the limit for deleterious expansion in accelerated mortar bar test used KOH solution. The result of SEM (SEI) analysis, after the ASTM C 227 mortar bar test, confirmed that there were no reactive products and evidence of reaction between aggregate particles and cement paste. However, mortar bars exposed to alkali solution (KOH) indicated that crystallized products having rosette morphology were observed in the interior wall of pores. EPMA results of mortar bar by ASTM C 227 indicated that white dots were observed on the surface of particles and these products were identified as Al-ASR gels. It can be considered that the mortar bar by ASTM C 227 started to appear sign of alkali-silica reaction in normal condition. EPMA results of the mortar bar by ASTM C 1260 showed the gel accumulated in the pores and diffused in to the cement matrix through cracks, and gel in the pores were found to be richer in calcium compared to gel in cracks within aggregate particles. In this experimental study, damages to mortar bars due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) were observed. Due to the increasing needs of crushed stones, it is considered that specifications and guidelines to prevent ASR in new concrete should be developed.