• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2018

We determined the relationships between calving season and the incidence of postpartum disorders, milk yield, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Data regarding cow parity, postpartum disorders, milk yield, and reproduction were collected from 1,478 lactations. The incidence of retained placenta was higher in spring- and summer-calving cows than in autumn- and winter-calving cows (P < 0.05). The incidence of septicemic metritis was highest in spring- and summer-calving cows, and was higher in autumn-calving cows than in winter-calving cows (P < 0.05). The incidence of metabolic disorders was higher in summer-calving cows than in autumn- and winter-calving cows (P < 0.01). The mean milk yield 1 and 2 months after calving was higher in spring-calving cows than in summer-calving cows (P < 0.05). The percentage of cows that had resumed cycling, defined by detection of a corpus luteum using ultrasonography 4 weeks after calving, was highest in autumn-calving cows, and was higher in summer- and winter-calving cows than in spring-calving cows (P < 0.05). The hazard of first insemination by 150 days after calving was higher in summer- and autumn-calving cows (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19; P < 0.05) than in spring-calving cows. The hazard of pregnancy by 210 days after calving was also higher in summer-calving (HR = 1.24; P < 0.05) and autumn-calving (HR = 1.59; P < 0.0001) cows than in spring-calving cows. The probability of conception at the first insemination was higher (P < 0.0001) in autumn-calving (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96) and winter-calving (OR = 2.04) cows than in spring-calving cows. In conclusion, spring calving is associated with the worst, and autumn calving with the best, postpartum health and reproductive performance, whereas milk yield is higher in spring-calving cows than in summer-calving cows. Therefore, an effective strategy to support postpartum health and fertility should be instituted for spring-calving dairy cows kept in the Korean climate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

In this study, we analyzed the relationships between weather factors and photosystem II activity (F_v/F_m), as a measure of photochemical efficiency, in three cool-season turfgrasses commonly planted on golf courses in Jeju, South Korea: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). In all three turfgrasses, F_v/F_m was higher during late summer than during early summer. However, in late summer, F_v/F_m was significantly lower in perennial ryegrass than in the other two species. In early summer, F_v/F_m in perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass was positively correlated with mean low temperature and extreme minimum temperature, whereas, in late summer, this parameter in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass was positively correlated with relative humidity, and in creeping bentgrass was negatively correlated with mean high temperature, mean low temperature, and extreme maximum temperature. These results indicate that raising low temperatures is favorable for perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass in early summer, whereas, in late summer, the lowering of high temperatures proves to be beneficial for creeping bentgrass, and raising relative humidity is conducive to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass. These findings will contribute to improving the selection and management of turfgrasses on golf courses and sports fields.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1985

대한해협과 동부중부 단면에서 1969년부터 1974년까지, 국립수산진흥원 관측 자료와 일본기상청와관측자료를 이용하여, 동절기와 하절기로 구분하여 두 단면을 통과하는 지형류의 유속과 용적수송량을 비교분석했다. 대한해협을 통해서 동해로 유입되는 누년평균 순용적수송량은, 동절기에는 0.19$\times$$10^{6}$m$^{3}$sec이고 , 하절기에는 1.33$\times$$10^{6}$m$^{3}$sec이다. 동절기에는 동수도와 서수도를 통해서 동해로 유입되는 수송량이 거의 같은 값을 보이나, 하절기에는 서수도를 통해서 동 해로 유입되는 수송량이 동수도보다 훨씬크다. 동해중부단면을 통과하는 누년평균 순용적수송량은, 동절기에는 2.61$\times$$10^{6}$m$^{3}$sec이고 , 하절기에는 2.41$\times$$10^{6}$m$^{3}$sec로서 본 단면에서는 동절기와 하절기에 거의 같은 수송 량을 보인다. 두 단면에서 동절기와 하절기의 수송량 값을 비교하면, 동절기에는 대 한해협보다 동해 중부단면을 통과하는 유량이 13.7배 정도 크고 하절기에는 1.8배 정도 크게 나타난다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the utilizing of cool-season turfgrass in areas, excluding greens, of Korean golf courses. Data collected from 120 golf courses were subjected to frequency and T-test analysis using SPSSWIN. The results obtained were as follows: 1) seventy eight golf curses were utilizing cool-season turfgrass in areas except of the greens. At thirty five golf courses (46.0%) of them, the area utilized appeared tee, green collar, green approach etc. (tee>green collar>green approach). At 37 golf courses(48.7%), a mix of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass was utilized and the ratio of the mix was 70:30(v/v). At 57 golf courses(76.0%), seed sowing was utilized. 2) In Korean golf courses, the cognition of utilizing cool-season turfgrass depended on the existence of the practice. The cognition of the experienced was more´ affirmative´ than that of the inexperienced. 3) In the experienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality and good appearance and recuperative rate of cool-season turfgrass. In the inexperienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality god appearance. 4) The experienced recommended the mix of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass. 5) It seems that the golf courses having used cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer while the golf courses without using cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer and the selection of turfgrass variety.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2009

Korea's aging population has been remarkably increased. They want to have not only extension of life expectancy but also improving quality of life. To maintain the quality of life, it is essential to have good nutrition. However, nutritional status of elderly in Korea has problems qualitatively and quantitatively. Risk factors for poor nutrition are advanced age, woman, living alone and low economic status. Another risk factor in rural area is season because seasonal changes can affect food intake of elderly. Thus this study surveyed the health status and dietary intakes of elderly by season in rural area. In this study, the elderly were grouped as group 1 {elderly who have one risk factor for chronic diseases (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes)} and group 2 (elderly who have more than 2 risk factors). Can-Pro 3.0 was used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Obesity had the highest percentage 62%, followed by hypertension 59.5%, dyslipidemia 21.5% and diabetes 11.6%. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were high in winter and WHR, diabetes and anemia were high in summer. Mean intakes of energy and nutrients were less than RI. Nutrients which were changed most by season were vitamin A and Vitamin C. Intakes of calcium and folic acid were less than recommended in summer. The ratio of CPF for carbohydrate was higher and fat was lower than recommended. In conclusion, the nutrient intake of Group 2 was better in quality but Group 1 was better in quantity. Nutrient intakes were poor in summer. In rural area, more careful nutritional assesment and management are needed for aged population, especially in summer.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

본 연구는 2015년 우리나라 서해안에서 양식된 3배체 굴의 일반성분, 지방산, 아미노산 조성 및 글리코겐 함량의 계절적 변화를 조사하였다. 지방 함량은 겨울철에 가장 높았으며 (2월, $2.10{\pm}0.06%$), 단백질 함량은 가을철에 (11월, $9.09{\pm}0.04%$) 에서 가장 높았고 수분과 회분은 여름철 (8월, $86.00{\pm}0.12%$ 및 $2.67{\pm}0.03%$) 에 가장 높았다. 총아미노산 함량은 겨울철 (1,011.5 mg/100 g) 에 가장 높았고, 점차적으로 감소하여 여름철에 가장 낮았다 (486.7 mg/100 g). 아미노산조성은 taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine 및 alanine 등이 주요 아미노산으로 분석되었다. 지방산 조성에서 전체 지방산 함량의 50 % 이상을 차지하는 지방산은 EPA와 DHA로 확인되었다. 글리코겐 함유량은 여름철에 가장 높았으며 ($1.26{\pm}0.03g/100g$), 다른 시기에는 $0.69{\pm}0.04-0.86{\pm}0.01g/100g$의 범위로 일정한 함량을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 3배체 굴은 불임처리를 통해 산란을 하지 않아 여름철에 글리코겐 함량이 높아 겨울철뿐만 아니라 여름철에도 상업적 가치가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

A cross-sectional epidemiological study using a multistage sampling strategy in slaughter cattle in Mymensingh, Bangladesh was conducted during September 2001 to April 2002 to study distributions and risk factors of specific pulmonary lesions and diseases. The pulmonary lesions and diseases were diagnosed on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic pathological and parasitological findings. The frequency distribution of pulmonary lesions and diseases in slaughter cattle was found to vary among categories of the study variables. The risk factors identified on statistical basis were male cattle and ${\leq}3$ years old cattle and summer in congestion, slightly thin physical condition and summer season in pulmonary emphysema, slightly thin physical condition in parasitic bronchitis as well as female cattle, autumn and rainy seasons in pulmonary hydatidosis. The population impact and etiologic significance of summer season on pulmonary congestion and emphysema was more important than that of adult male cattle. The population impact and etiologic significance of autumn season on pulmonary hydatidosis was more important than that of female cattle during rainy season. Population impact of slightly thin cattle on parasitic bronchitis was poor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.705-709
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• 1996

A simplified dilutor for cock spermatozoa at ambient temperature was achieved by adjusting the 5% concentration of fructose in isotonic saline. Motility of cock spermatozoa was arrested completely for maximum 6 hrs without affection the survivability of spermatozoa by employing this sugar. To study the effect of high concentration of fructose on fertility, sperm were inseminated with or without fructose at different hrs. Fructose from semen samples was removed by centrifugation. High fertility obtained in the hens inseminated with fructose free sperm (washed). In addition, washed sperm maintained the 85.00% fertility for 6 hrs in winter season ($17-21^{\circ}C$) and 82.67% fertility for 3 hrs in summer season ($31-35^{\circ}C$). Whereas control groups showed 47.33 and 25.33% fertility in winter and summer season respectively. No significant difference was found in percent motility and live counts between the control and washed experimental groups during winter season. However, these measures differed significantly in summer. Washing of cock spermatozoa more than once, high speed centrifugation and more duration for centrifugation proved harmful to fertility. It may be concluded that fructose (5%) can be used as a motility or metabolic inhibitor of spermatozoa for short-term storage of cock semen at ambient temperatures.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2003

This research was designed to investigate the effect of hand and sensibility image on the preference to textiles for slacks. 85 subjects majored in fashion design were surveyed and 10 kinds of fabrics used as specimen at each season. Factor analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation, Regression were used for statistical analysis by SPSS Win 11.0. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall season, 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility factor of textiles for slacks. 2. 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility in Summer. 3. 6 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility in Winter season. 4. There were significant differences according to sex between hand factor and sensibility image in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall. 5. There were significant correlations between hand factor and sensibility image in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall, Summer and Winter. 6. Hand and sensibility image effected on the preference to textiles for slacks in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall, Summer and Winter.