• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.953-959
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• 2014

This paper studies the uplink resource allocation for multiple radio access (MRA) in reconfigurable radio systems, where multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) multicarrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) networks coexist. By assuming multi-radio user equipment with network-guided operation, the optimal resource allocation for MRA is analyzed as a cross-layer optimization framework with and without fairness consideration to maximize the uplink sum-rate capacity. Numerical results reveal that parallel MRA, which uses MC-CDMA and OFDMA networks concurrently, outperforms the performance of each MC-CDMA and OFDMA network by exploiting the multiuser selection diversity.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.286-287
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• 2019

In this paper, we consider an amplify-and-forward (AF) full duplex (FD) massive-antenna relay (or base station) aiding communication between K single-antenna source and destination pairs whose transmissions are overheard by one single-antenna eavesdropper. Maximum ratio combining (MRC) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) processing is employed at the relay. The secrecy performance of the system is then derived with both relay and destination being equipped with low resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The results show the detrimental effect of the eavesdropper's presence on the sum rate of the system.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

This paper investigates the user selection problem of successive zero-forcing precoded multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) downlink systems, in which the base station and mobile receivers are equipped with multiple antennas. Assuming full knowledge of the channel state information at the transmitter, dirty paper coding (DPC) is an optimal precoding strategy, but practical implementation is difficult because of its excessive complexity. As a suboptimal DPC solution, successive zero-forcing DPC (SZF-DPC) was recently proposed; it employs partial interference cancellation at the transmitter with dirty paper encoding. Because of a dimensionality constraint, the base station may select a subset of users to serve in order to maximize the total throughput. The exhaustive search algorithm is optimal; however, its computational complexity is prohibitive. In this paper, we develop two low-complexity user scheduling algorithms to maximize the sum rate capacity of MU-MIMO systems with SZF-DPC. Both algorithms add one user at a time. The first algorithm selects the user with the maximum product of the maximum column norm and maximum eigenvalue. The second algorithm selects the user with the maximum product of the minimum column norm and minimum eigenvalue. Simulation results demonstrate that the second algorithm achieves a performance similar to that of a previously proposed capacity-based selection algorithm at a high signal-to-noise (SNR), and the first algorithm achieves performance very similar to that of a capacity-based algorithm at a low SNR, but both do so with much lower complexity.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.136-150
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• 2010

최근 많은 실내 사용자들이 증가함에 따라 실내에서의 취약한 통화 품질의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 셀 소형화 기법이 제시되고 있고, 셀 소형화 기법 중 펨토셀(Femtocell)은 저렴한 설치 비용 대비 고성능의 통화 품질을 제공하기 때문에 문제 해결을 위한 방법으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 펨토셀은 사용자에 의해 직접 설치되어 다른 사용자에 대한 간섭을 고려하기 힘들기 때문에, 자기 스스로 주변의 간섭을 고려하여 전력을 설정하여야 한다. 만약 펨토셀 전력이 크게 설정되면 매크로셀 시스템에 간섭으로 작용할 것이며, 반대로 펨토셀 전력이 작게 설정되면 펨토셀 사용자의 수신 성능은 나빠지게 될 것이다. 그러므로 펨토셀 기지국은 매크로셀과 펨토셀 시스템 사이에서 발생하는 trade-off 관계를 잘 고려하여 다른 시스템의 사용자에게는 간섭을 최소화 시키고, 자신의 시스템에 속해있는 사용자에게는 최대의 신호를 송신하여 좋은 성능을 갖도록 하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 trade-off 관계로 인한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)을 이용하여 최적의 펨토셀 전력을 설정한다. 또한 가중치합(Weighted Sum Approach) 기법을 통해 시스템 목적에 따라 다른 가중치를 부여하여 여러 가지 목적에 부합하는 시스템 성능을 갖도록 한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 수행을 통해 기존의 전력 설정 방식과 제안하는 가중치 합 유전자 알고리즘 기반 펨토셀 전력 설정 방식의 성능을 비교하였으며, 그 결과 제안한 알고리즘의 전력 설정 방식이 사용자에게 더 좋은 SINR(Signal to Noise Interference Ratio)과 많은 채널 용량을 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.638-651
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• 2000

When the bandwidth resources in a packet-switched network are shared among sessions by MAX-MIN flow control each session is required to transmit its data into the network subject to the MAX-MIN fair rate which is solely determined by network loadings. This passive behavior of sessions if fact can cause seri-ous QoS(Quality of Service) degradation particularly for real-time multimedia sessions such as video since the rate allocated by the network can mismatch with what is demanded by each session for its QoS. In order to alleviate this problem we extend the concept of MAX-MIN fair bandwidth allocations as follows: Individual bandwidth demands are guaranteed if the network can accommodate them and only the residual network band-width is shared in the MAX-MIN fair sense. On the other hand if sum of the individual bandwidth demands exceeds the network capacity the shortage of the bandwidth is shared by all the sessions by reducing each bandwidth guarantee by the MAX-MIN fair division of the shortage. we present a novel flow control algorithm to achieve this extended MAX-MIN fairness and show that this algorithm can be implemented by the existing ATM ABR service protocol with minor changes. We not only analyze the steady state asymptotic stability and convergence rate of the algorithm by appealing to control theories but also verify its practical performance through simulations in a variety of network scenarios.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

Total organic carbon(TOC) was introduced as the water quality index of the rivers and lakes in 2013. This paper evaluated factors affecting effluent TOC concentrations and treated and discharged loads of existing publicly owned treatment works(POTWs). For selected POTWs with greater treatment capacity than $500m^3/day$, factorial analysis was used to consider effects of kinds of biological treatment processes, inflow of other types of wastewater(industrial, livestock, landfill leachate wastewater, etc.) with domestic wastewater, sewer separation rate, and effluent discharging zones in which different effluent criteria applied. As a result, those factors did not show significant effect on effluent TOC concentration of POTWs in effluent discharging zone I and II. However, In effluent discharging zone III and IV, kinds of biological treatment processes, the inclusion of other waste in influent of domestic wastewater, and the sewer separation rate were significant factors. The treated TOC load in POTWs was also not affected significantly by the variables set in this study. On the other hand, those three factors influenced significantly on the TOC load discharged to water bodies. The sum of factorial effects and the contribution rate of three factors to the discharged TOC load was 60.23 and 41%, 59.57 and 41%, and 42.04 and 18%, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.2647-2662
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• 2014

This paper proposes an efficient and low complexity power-loading algorithm for MIMO-OFDM downlink based cognitive radio system that maximizes the sum rate of single secondary user (SU) under constraints on the tolerable interference thresholds between secondary user and primary user's frequency bands and the total transmission power. Our suboptimal algorithm is based on the $2^{nd}$ order interference tracking and nulling mechanism to allocate transmission power of the subcarriers among SU's scheme. The performance of our proposed suboptimal scheme is compared with the performance of the classical power loading algorithms, e.g., water filling, $1^{st}$ order interference tracking, nulling, and other suboptimal schemes. Numerical results show that our algorithm has low complexity but obtains a higher channel capacity than that of some previous suboptimal algorithms in some scenarios. We dedicate also that for a given interference threshold, the $2^{nd}$ order interference tracking mechanism has dynamic number of nulling position instead fixed number of nulling position.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2009

This paper proposes a new multiuser scheduling algorithm that can simultaneously support a variety of different quality-of-service (QoS) user groups while satisfying fairness among users in the same QoS group in MIMO broadcast channels. Toward this goal, the proposed algorithm consists of two parts: a QoS-aware fair (QF) scheduling within a QoS group and an antenna trade-off scheme between different QoS groups. The proposed QF scheduling algorithm finds a user set from a certain QoS group which can satisfy the fairness among users in terms of throughput or delay. The antenna trade-off scheme can minimize the QoS violations of a higher priority user group by trading off the number of transmit antennas allocated to different QoS groups. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed QF scheduling method satisfies different types of fairness among users and can adjust the degree of fairness among them. The antenna trade-off scheme combined with QF scheduling can improve the probability of QoS-guaranteed transmission when supporting different QoS groups.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is attractive because it produces consistent, complex-geometry components for high-volume, high-strength, and high-performance applications. Also MIM using in optical communication field, display field, and semi-conductor field is a cost-effective alternative to metal machining or investment casting parts. It offers tremendous single-step parts consolidation potential and design flexibility. The objective of this paper is to study the suitability of design, flow analysis, debinding and sinterin processes, and capability analysis. The suitable injection conditions were 0.5~1.5 second filling time, 11.0~12.5 MPa injection pressure derived from flow analysis. The gravity of the product is measured after debinding an sintering. The maximum and minimum gravity levels are 7.5939 and 7.5097. the average and standard deviation are 7.5579 and 0.0122; when converted into density, the figure stands at 98.154%. According to an analysis of overall capacity, PPM total, which refers to defect per million opportunities(DPMO), stands at 166,066.3 Z.Bench-the sum of defect rates exceeding the actual lowest and highest limits-is 0.97, which translates into the good quality rate of around 88.4% and the sigma level of 2.47.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 TVC 배터리의 설계 개념, 특성과 환경 및 성능 시험 결과에 대해 간략히 보인다 KSLV-I 상단에 탑재되는 TVC 배터리는 168개의 소니 18650VT 고전력 리튬이온 셀을 사용하며, 84개의 셀을 직렬로 구성한 후 각 열을 병렬로 2개 연결하여 추력 벡터제어(TVC) 시스템의 미션에 요구되는 전압(공칭 270V)과 전류를 공급한다. TVC 시스템의 부하 특성은 짧은 시간 동안 높은 전류 출력을 요구하는 펄스의 형태를 가진다. 무게를 최소화하며 시스템 요구 전력을 공급하기 위해 18650VT 셀을 적용하였다. 18650VT 셀은 고전력 응용분야를 위해 설계된 모델로 10C 연속 방전 능력을 갖고 있다.