• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2701-2706
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• 2009

The polymer blends containing polypyrrole (PPy) and the sulphonic acids such as β-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA), and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) were synthesized by in situ deposition technique in an aqueous media using ammonium per sulfate (APS) as an initiator. The obtained films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the thermal behavior of these polymer blends was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature-dependent (DC) conductivity of the obtained films shows a semiconducting behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR). The conductivity data were also analyzed through Mott’s equation, which provides the variable range hopping model in three dimensions. The parameters such as density of states at the Fermi energy, hopping energy, and hopping distance were calculated for PPy, PPy-NSA, PPy-CSA, and PPy-DBSA films, and the data were compared.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1990

Reaction of propane-1, 3-sultone with amines gave N-substituted aminosulphonnic acids 2a-i, Dehydration of 2a-c with $POCI_3$ gave the corresponding sultams 3a-c. Propane-1, 3-sultone 1 reacted with tertury amines to give the betaiene salts 4-11. 2-4-Dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene-1, 4-sultone 12 condensed with amines to give N-substituted-2, 4-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene-1, 4-sultames 13a and 13b. The reaction of 3a, 13a with hydrazine hydrate gave acid hydrazides 3d or 13c. Compounds 3d, 13c reacted with isocyanates to yield urea derivatives 14a-c, 15a-c.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

The proximate composition, free amino acid composition and mineral contents from Undariopsis peterseniana were determined, and the antioxidant activities of ethanol (EtOH) and hot water extracts of U. peterseniana were investigated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging effects and reducing power. The contents of moisture, ash, protein, lipid and carbohydrate were 12.5%, 23.1%, 9.7%, 0.2% and 54.5%, respectively, and alginic acid content was 12.3%. The major free amino acid contents were alanine, phenylalanine, aminoethanol, valine, glutamic acid and phosphoserine. Ca (1589.1 mg) was the largest mineral followed by Na (344.6 mg), Mg (74.3 mg), Zn (10.2 mg) and Fe (1.5 mg). The total phenolic contents of EtOH and hot water extracts were exhibited at 15.7 and 4.3 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The antioxidant activity of EtOH extract exhibited strong ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities with reducing power, and hot water extract also demonstrated strong ABTS radical scavenging effects. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that U. peterseniana contained an abundance of naturally occurring nutrients (free amino acids and minerals), and the strong antioxidant activities of EtOH and hot water extracts from U. peterseniana could be good sources of natural antioxidants for healthcare products.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2018

The study investigated the seasonal and regional changes in the food components of raw laver Pyropia sp.. Samples were obtained monthly from December 2017 to March 2018 at auction markets located in Gangseo-gu, Busan (Nakdong-raw laver), Seocheon-gun, Chungnam, Wando-gun, Jeonnam and Goheung-gun, Jeonnam. The general components, heavy metals and minerals, free amino acids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed. No significant physicochemical changes in the moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents were observed in the raw lavers tested. However, the crude protein content of Nakdong-raw laver was the highest in December 2017 at $7.20{\pm}0.28%$ and the content was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. In addition, the taurine, zinc, manganese and TPC contents of Nakdong-raw laver was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. The ethanolic extract of Nakdong-raw laver also had higher antioxidant activity, including as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) radical scavenging activity, although there was no significant correlation between TPC and the antioxidant activity. This study is the first analysis of seasonal and regional changes in the major food components of raw laver cultivated in Korea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.966-979
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• 2019

Muscle-based by-products are often undervalued although commonly reported having a high amount of natural bioactive peptides. In this study, elastin was isolated from the protein of broiler hen skin while its hydrolysate was prepared using Elastase. Assessment of antioxidative properties of elastin-based hydrolysate (EBH) was based on three different assays; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical and metal chelating ability. The EBH was purified further using ultrafiltration, gel filtration and Reverse- Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The IC₅₀ of ABTS radical activities for EBH were decreased as EBH further purified using ultrafiltration (EBH III; 0.66 mg/mL)>gel filtration (EB-II; 0.42 mg/mL)>RP-HPLC (EB-II4; 0.12 mg/mL). The sequential identification of the peptide was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/ TOF-MS) of the potent fractions obtained from RP-HPLC (EB-II4). The presence of hydrophobic amino acids (Val and Pro) in the peptide sequences could potentially contribute to the high antioxidant activity of EBH. The sequences GAHTGPRKPFKPR, GMPGFDVR and ADASVLPK were identified as antioxidant peptides. In conclusion, the antioxidative potential from poultry skin specifically from elastin is evident and can be explored to be used in many applications such as health and pharmaceutical purposes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2014

양파가공부산물인 양파껍질을 이용하여 산업체에서 활용 가능한 추출공정으로 다양한 항산화활성 변화를 확인 하였다. 양파껍질 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 OPME-1에서 233.90 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, DPPH법에 의한 항산화활성의 $IC_{50}$값은 OPMPE-1에서 1.15 mg/mL로 가장 높은 radical 소거활성을 나타났다. ABTS에 의한 총 항산화력은 OPM에서 432.78 mg AA eq/g으로 높은 항산화활성을 나타냈으며, 환원력은 OPMPE-1에서 1.69 $A_{700}$으로 높게 나타났고, ORAC 지수는 OPMPE-1에서 $318,509{\mu}M\;TE/mL$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 실제 산업체에서 양파껍질 추출물을 제조할 때 활용 가능한 추출공정은 여러 번 반복 추출을 하는 것보다 1회 추출만 하는 공정이 항산화 활성 결과 기능성 식품소재 원료로 활용이 더 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

In this study, we explored the synergistic effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and soybean protein components after fermentation with lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, and identified several peptides with desirable physiological functions, proteolysis, and immune effects. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, followed by cross-validation of the four antioxidant activities. These assays revealed that samples with a 8:2 and 9:1 whey to soy ratio possessed higher antioxidant activity than the control samples. Antibacterial potency testing revealed high antibacterial activity in the 9:1 and 8:2 samples. Cytotoxicity testing of samples using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide revealed that only the 10:0, 1:9, and 0:10 samples had <80% viable cells, indicating no significant cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) assays revealed that NO expression was reduced in 8:2, 5:5, and 0:10 protein ratio fermentations, indicating low inflammatory reaction stimulatory potential. Cytokine expression was confirmed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The 8:2 sample had the lowest inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels compared with the lipopolysaccharide-treated group. Amino acid profiling of the 8:2 sample identified 17 amino acids. These results suggest that inoculating and fermenting Lactobacillus plantarum DK203 and Lactobacillus paracasei DK209 with an 8:2 mixture of WPC and soybean protein releases bioactive peptides with excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making them suitable for functional food development.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2012

본 연구는 구멍쇠미역을 대상으로 건강기능성식품의 소재로의 활용을 위한 가능성을 타진하고자 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근 및 생리활성 기능을 분석하였다. 식품 영양학적 접근에서의 구멍쇠미역의 일반성분은 건량 기준으로 당질 45.4%, 조단백질 15.0%, 조지방 2.3% 및 조회분 33.1%이었고, 구멍쇠미역 100 g의 함유 열량은 262.3 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 34.0%로 나타났다. 또한, 총 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며, 그 함량은 12,402.42 mg이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 칼슘, 나트륨, 마그네슘 순으로 나타나, 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었다. 구멍쇠미역 추출물의 총 페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량분석 결과, 각각 $34.1{\pm}2.56mg/g$과 $4.9{\pm}0.26mg/g$으로 나타났다. 다양한 항산화 평가 모델(DPPH, FRAP, 환원력, ABTS)을 통하여 구멍쇠미역 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, 구멍쇠미역 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 항산화능이 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 구멍쇠미역은 식품으로서의 이용가치가 매우 크며, 구멍쇠미역 추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2009

본 연구는 국화과 식물 16종 지상부의 페놀성물질 함량, radical 소거능, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating 효과 및 linoleic acid 과산화 억제활성을 분석하여 천연 항산화제 개발에 적합한 식물 소재를 탐색하기 위하여 시행하였다. 연구의 결과, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 저먼캐모마일의 지상부에서 가장 우수하였다. DPPH radical 소거능은 에키나세아 지상부 추출물, ABTS radical 소거능은 산비장이 추출물에서 가장 우수하였다. 15종의 국화과 지상부 추출물은 ascorbic acid와 BHT 보다 DPPH radical 소거능은 낮았으나, 산비장이 추출물의 ABTS radical 소거능은 ascorbic acid와 BHT 보다 우수하였으며 알프스민들레, 에키나세아 및 저먼캐모마일 추출물은 BHT 보다 ABTS radical 소거능이 높았다. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating 효과는 저먼캐모마일 추출물에서 기장 높았으나, EDTA보다 chelating 효과가 현저히 낮았다. 지질과산화 억제활성은 등골나물 추출물에서 기장 높았으며, 반응 4일 후에는 90.06%, 24일 후에는 40.52%의 억제활성을 보여 BHT 보다 지질과산화 억제효과가 높고 오랫동안 억제활성이 유지되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 그동안 꽃을 위주로 사용하였던 저먼캐모마일의 잎줄기가 항산화효과가 우수하다는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 차후 저먼캐모마일 지상부의 활용방안이 증대될 것으로 기대된다. 또한 식물종에 따라 우수한 항산화활성이 각기 다르므로 본 연구결과를 기초로 하여 목적으로 하는 항산화 기능성에 맞는 식물성 항산화제를 개발할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1493-1500
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• 2011

본 연구는 함초를 이용한 응용제품의 하나로 자연발효된 함초발효액에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 함초와 당을 혼합하여 2년 혹은 6년간 발효시킨 다음 여과하여 얻어진 여액을 상온에서 자연 발효시키며 함초발효액의 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성을 조사하였다. 함초발효액의 당 함량은 45%내외로 이는 당침출에 의한 제조 방법 때문이며, Na을 제외한 주요 무기질은 K, Mg 그리고 Ca으로, 그중 K 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 주요 유리아미노산은 alanine, proline, aspartic acid 그리고 lysine으로, 이들 일반성분들의 발효기간에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 약 50 CAE mg/100 mL이고, DPPH와 ABTS$^+$ radical-scavenging 활성은 ascorbic acid와 거의 유사할 정도의 활성을 보였다. 또한 함초발효액은 ACE 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase에 대해서도 저해 활성을 보였으며, 특히 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성은 장기 발효된 함초발효액(LFGJ)에서 좀 더 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 이에 장기 발효된 함초발효액(LFGJ)을 4%의 고염식이군 실험쥐(SD rat)에 급여한 결과, 일반적인 특성은 대조군(4% 고염식이군)과 차이가 없었으나, 함초발효액군(FGJ; 4% 고염식이+2% LFGJ)의 체중증가량이 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 더 낮은 경향을 보였고, 포도당 내성 실험 결과, 함초발효액군(FGJ)에서 포도당 내성이 더 개선되는 것으로 조사되었다.