• 제목/요약/키워드: Sulfur species

검색결과 172건 처리시간 0.035초

유통 한약재의 잔류이산화황에 대한 모니터링 (Monitoring of Residual Sulfur Dioxide in Herbal Medicines)

  • 김미경;허문회;이창희;진종성;진선경;이영자
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제35권4호통권139호
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    • pp.276-282
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    • 2004
  • This study has been conducted to investigate the amount of residual sulfur dioxide for herbal medicines of 30 species which are purchased in 13 different regions (Bonghwa, Busan, Chunju, Jecheun, Kwangiu, Keumsan, Seoul, Taeku, Cheungdu, Xian, Beijing, Tokyo and Osaka). The sulfur dioxide residues were determined in the collected 386 samples by the modified Monier-Williams method. The residues of sulfur dioxide in 386 samples ranged from ND (under detection limit) to 2808 ppm. The sulfur dioxide in Cassiae Semon, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cervi Cornu, Hoelen, Crataegi Fructus, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Scolopendrae Corpus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cyperi Rhizoma were detected under the detection limit regardless of the collected regions. The sulfur dioxide residues in herbal medicines collected in domestic regions were relatively lower than those in foreign regions. There are no standards for sulfur dioxide residual limits of herbal medicines in Korea. This results will provide the scientific basis for the standardization of sulfur dioxide residues in Korea Pharmacopoeia.

Study on Odor Formation Control during Kraft Pulping

  • Song, HaiNong;Chai, XinSheng;Zhu, HongXiang;Yoon, Sung-Hoon;Zhang, Dongcheng;Wang, Shuang-Fei
    • 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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    • pp.317-321
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    • 2006
  • The investigation of the formation of organic sulfur compounds (i.e., odor species), mainly methyl mercaptan and demethyl suifide, during kraft pulping has been conducted, in which both hardwood and softwood species were used. It was discovered that there is an organic sulfur compounds formation phase transition point with respect to delignification extent. The transition point occurs at a kappa number of approximately 35 and 20 for softwoods and hardwoods, respectively. The results also showed that both low sulfidity and anthraquinone (AQ) addition are helpful to control the formation of theses organic sulfur compounds during kraft pulping. Whereas Hexenuronic acid (HexA) has contribution to Kappa number, the extended delignification not only lead to low pulp yield, but also be adverse to odor control. A significant in-digester odor reduction can be achieved if the pulping is to be terminated before phase transition point and combined with AQ addition.

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팔당호로의 질소와 황성분 침적 측정 (Measurement of Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition to Lake Paldang)

  • 김영성;진현철
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2005
  • Nitrogen and sulfur deposition was measured on Lake Pal dang from March 2002 to October 2003. Wet and dry depositions were separately measured using wet- and dry-only samplers, respectively. In order to measure the dry deposition to the water body, a dry deposition sampler composed of three pans filled with pure water, called the deposition water, was used. Since ammonium was generally in excess in ambient air, more than half of ammonium was present in the gaseous form. Ammonium concentration was also generally higher than the sum of major anion concentrations in the deposition water because gaseous species were much easily deposited than the species in fine particles. Nevertheless, the contribution of gaseous ammonia to the deposition of ammonium was not high as well as that of particulate ammonium while the contribution of gaseous nitric acid was much higher than that of particulate nitrate. Annual wet deposition fluxes of nitrogen and sulfur were five and six times higher than their dry deposition fluxes, respectively. Except for ammonium, the dry deposition flux estimated in the present work was a half of the previous results. This was mainly caused by much smaller dry deposition velocities over the water than over the ground.

서울시내 가로수목의 수용성유황 및 중금속 함량에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Contents of Soluble Sulfur and Heavy Metals in the Leaves of the Roadside Tree in Seoul Area)

  • 김면섭;이광국
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1988
  • This study was carried out to measure the contents of soluble sulfur and heavy metals in the leaves of roadside tree at 34 sampling sites of Seoul area from the Sep. 1 to Sep. 30 during 1985 and 1986. The results were as follows; 1. Average contents of soluble sulfur at all sampling sites were; Plantanus orientalis 0.474%, Ginkgobioloba 0.562%, and Salix pseudolasiogyne 0.566%. 2. Correlation between sulfur dioxide concentration in the air and soluble sulfur in the leaves by area were; Green belt area R = 0.985, Residential area R = 0.856, Commercial area R = 0.668, Industrial area R = 0.886. Correlation by species were ; Platanus orientalis R = 0.817, Ginkgobiloba R = 0.771, Salix pseudo-lasiogyne R = 0.824. 3. Correlation between $SO_X$ concentration in the air and sulfur contents in the leaves showed positive significance. 4. Contents of soluble sulfur in the heavy traffic area were higher than that of light traffic area. 5. Heavy metal contents of 1986 were higher than that of 1985; Fe> Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr. 6. Lead contents in the leaves of 1986 were; Platanus orientalis 16, 701 ppm, Gingobiloba 21,729ppm, Salix Pseudo-lasiogyne 12.418 ppm.

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파속류의 잔류농약분석과정에서 silver ion-silica solid phase extraction에 의한 황화합물의 제거 효율성 (Efficiency of Silver Ion-Silica Solid Phase Extraction for Elimination of Sulfur Compounds during Pesticide Multiresidue Analysis in Allium Species)

  • 박진우;문경미;최영환;이영근
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2010
  • 파속류에 다량 함유된 황화합물들은 GC/ECD에 민감하게 반응하기에, 이 농산물들의 잔류농약분석에서 방해 물질로 작용하여 농약성분의 분리정량에 어려움을 주고 있다. 최근 잔류농약분석에서 정제법으로 여러 가지 고상추출법(solid-phase extraction)이 개발되고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 황화합물을 효율적으로 제거하기 위하여, 20% 질산은($AgNO_3$)용액 3 ml을 Florosil cartridge (1 g packing, 6 ml tube)에 처리한 은이온흡착 cartridge (silver nitrate impregnated florosil cartridge)를 조제하였다. 이 cartridge를 이용하여 파속류 각 2, 4, 6 및 10 g에 해당하는 추출액을 고상추출법으로 정제한 결과, 양파 6 g, 대파 4 g, 쪽파는 4 g 까지는 황화합물의 95% 이상을 제거할 수 있었다. 그리고, 40종의 농약을 각 파속류에 첨가하고 이 cartridge에서 유출하여 회수율을 분석한 결과 34종이 70~120%의 범위 안에 들었다.

大氣汚染地域 適應 樹種 選拔에 關한 硏究 (A Study on the Selection of Adaptable Tree in Air Pollution Area)

  • 朴晥澈
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 1991
  • The study was performed to select a adaptable tree species under stressed field conditions where there are a industrial plants operating with a number of smoke stacks emitting pollutants, such as hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. As a result of the study, a tree species selected are due to construct a forest belt in a zones near industrial plants to reduce the concentrations of air pollutants. The concentrations of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide were very higher at experimental sites near industrial plants (air-pollution sites) than at control site. The leaves of 7 tree species grown at air pollution sites contained more sulfur and, specially, fluorine than at those control site. Among the tested tree species, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. and Euonymus japonica Thunb. grown at air pollution sites did not at all break out a foliar injury but appeared to be healthy, as well as those grown at control site. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom., Pinus virginiana Mill., Larix leptolepis Gordon., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus strobus L., Picea abies Karst and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc., however, showed a severe fluoride-type foliar injury such as necrosis on tip or margin of leaves, etc. Fluorine found in leaves was proved to be correlated to sulfur found in leaves whereas index of foliar injury hadn't a good correlation to pollutants found in leaves. It appears that Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonica Thunb., Platanus acerifolia Willd, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Sophora japonica L. grown at both experimental sites had a high value of percent survival whereas Pinus virginiana Mill., Pinus koraiensis Sib. et Zucc., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. and Alnus hirsuta Rupr. had an extremely low value of that. In comparison with control site, the percent tree height increments in Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Pinus thunbergii Parl and Euonymus japonica Thunb. and the percent upmost root diameters in Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara and Pinus thunbergii Parl. cultivated at air polluted sites showed very high value above 90%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.662) was recognized between the index of foliage injury and the percent collective character, which was the mean of tree characters such as percent survival, percent tree height increment and percent upmost root diameter increment which compared to those at air polluted site with those at control site. Based on the percent collective character Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandlosa T. Lee, Betula platyphyla var. japonica Hara and Platanus occidentalis L. have large value about 90%, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that this tree species are adaptable species in air polluted regions. For better understanding of the adaptable tree species, furthur studies concerning the effects of various air pollutants on the tree growth are required.

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대기오염지역(大氣汚染地域)의 삼림식생구조(森林植生構造)와 엽내오염물질(葉內汚染物質) 함량(含量)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Composition of Forest Vegetation and the Contents of Polluted Materials in the Needles in an Air Polluted Area)

  • 김종갑;김재생
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제78권4호
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    • pp.360-371
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    • 1989
  • 대기오염(大氣汚染)이 삼림식생(森林植生)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 온산공단주변(溫山公團周邊) 해송림(海松林)의 지역(地域)에 조사구(調査區)를 설정(設定)하여 환경요인(環境要因)과 수목엽내(樹木葉內) 수용성유황(水溶性硫黃)의 함량(含量), 삼림식생(森林植生)의 구조변화(構造變化) 등(等)을 조사(調査)하여 본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 토양(土壤)의 pH와 전질소함량(全窒素含量), 유기물함량(有機物含量) 등(等)은 오염원(汚染原)에서 가까울수록 대체적으로 낮았으며 토양중(土壤中)의 S함량(含量)은 높은 편이었는데, 특히 토양중(土壤中)의 S함량(含量)과 pH와는 1%수준(水準)에서 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 2) 해송엽내(海松葉內)의 수용성유황(水溶性硫黃)의 함량(含量)은 0.1295-0.2515%로서 대체적으로 높았으며, 특히 오염원(汚染源)에 가까운 2, 3조사지(調査地)가 가장 높았다. 3) 출현(出現)된 수종(樹種)의 종수(種數)는 3조사지(調査地)에서 7종(種), 7조사지(調査地)에서 20종(種)이 출현(出現)되어 오염원(汚染源)에 가까울수록 점차 감소현상을 보였으며 거리가 먼 지역(地域)일수록 총개체수(總個體數)와 종다양도(種多樣度), 균재도(均在度)가 증가되었다. 4) 해송집내(海松集內)의 S함량(含量)과 출현종수(出現種數), 종다양도문(種多樣度問)에는 상관관계(相關關係)가 각각(各各) 5%, 1%수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 5) 수종별(樹種別) 우점치(優占値)를 비교(比較)하여 본 결과(結果), 대기오염(大氣汚染)이 심한 지역(地域)일수록 우점치(優占値)가 매우 낮았으나 참나무류는 전조사지(全調査地)에서 비교적 높은 편이었다. 6) 본(本) 조사지(調査地)를 중심(中心)으로 본 대기오염(大氣汚染)에 대한 내성도(耐性度)는 해송(海松)과 졸참나무, 청미래덩굴 등(等)이 대기오염(大氣汚染) 강(强)한 것으로 나타났으며 진달래와 산철쭉, 굴피나무, 해변싸리 좋은 민감(敏感)한 것으로 나타났다.

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석회유황합제가 배나무 낙엽의 진균 다양성 변화에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Lime Sulfur on Changes of Fungal Diversity in Pear Fallen Leaves)

  • 민광현;송장훈;조백호;양광열
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.281-285
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    • 2015
  • 석회유황합제의 배나무 동계방제 수단으로써 효과를 과학적으로 증명하기 위해 배 과수원에서 1차 전염원의 역할을 하는 낙엽에 석회유황합제를 처리한 후 낙엽에 존재하는 진균의 다양성 변화를 확인하였다. 물이 처리된 대조구와 석회유황합제 처리구의 낙엽에서 진균 genomic DNA를 추출한 다음 rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 영역의 염기서열 분석을 통해 진균들을 동정한 결과, 대조구와 석회유황합제 처리구에서 자낭균문(Ascomycota)과 담자균문(Basidiomycota)에 속하는 다양한 종류의 진균들이 동정되었으나 동정되는 진균의 수와 비율은 서로 다르게 나타났다. 특히 배 과피얼룩병을 일으키는 Alternaria속과 Cladosporium속의 진균은 대조구에 비해 석회유황합제 처리구에서 동정되는 비율이 대폭 감소되었으며, Phomopsis속의 진균은 대조구에서는 동정되었으나 석회유황합제 처리구에서는 동정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 석회유황합제 처리가 배 낙엽에 존재하는 진균 다양성의 변화에 영향을 미쳤으며 동계방제로서 역할을 수행할 수 있음을 시사한다.

조경수목(造景樹木)의 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)에 대한 방어기능(防禦機能)(II) - POD 활성(活性)을 중심으로 - (Resistance Function of Woody Landscape Plants to Air Pollutants(II) - POD Activity -)

  • 김명희;이수욱
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제81권3호
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    • pp.234-246
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    • 1992
  • 조경수목(造景樹木)들의 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)들에 대한 감수성(感受性) 및 저항성(抵抗性)을 규명하기 위해서 야외조사(野外調査)와 실내실험(室內實驗)을 통하여 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 peroxidase(POD) 및 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 함량(含量)을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하였다. 은행나무에서는 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 POD 활성간(活性間)에 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 나타났고 잣나무, 소나무 및 양버즘나무에서는 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 POD 활성간(活性間)에 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. 각 수목(樹木)들은 오염물질(汚染物質)이 체내(體內)에 흡수(吸收), 축적(蓄積)됨에 따라 내성기구(耐性機構)로써 POD 같은 효소(酵素) 활성(活性)을 증가시켰다. 특히 잣나무와 양버즘나무의 POD 활성(活性)이 높게 나타났다, $SO_2$ 처리실험에서 고유의 POD 활성(活性)이 낮은 침엽수(針葉樹) 1년생 잎이나 은행나무에서는 $SO_2$ 처리구간에 POD 활성(活性) 변화가 거의 없으나, 고유의 POD 활성(活性)이 높은 스트로브잣나무와 튜립나무에서는 처리농도가 높을수록 POD 활성(活性)이 증가하는 것으로 보아, 외부 stress에 대한 단기적 POD 활성(活性)은 감수성(感受性)이 큰 수종(樹種)에서 나타나며, 장기적 POD 활성(活性) 증가는 식물체(植物體)의 방어기작(防禦機作)중의 일부로써 나타났으며 수목(樹木)의 SOD와 POD 활성간(活性間)의 상관관계(相關關係)는 은행나무에서만 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보이고 나머지 수목(樹木)에서는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. SOD와 POD 활성(活性)은 수종(樹種)마다 특이한 반응(反應)을 나타내며, 대부분의 수종(樹種)에서 SOD와 POD가 동시에 내성(耐性) 기구(機構)에 참여함을 알 수 있었다.

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Corrosion of Silver by Outgassing from Rubber

  • Sakai, Jun'ichi;Omoda, Masataka;Ishikawa, Yuichi
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.130-133
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    • 2008
  • Corrosion of silver by outgassed sulfur species from rubber has been investigated by means of quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM) and cathodic reduction technique. Silver specimens were placed together with a rubber of predefined quantity in an enclosed environment. Corrosion progressed linearly with time and silver sulfide was found as the corrosion product during all the tests. No significant dependence on RH was observed, while the corrosion rate increased as temperature rose. Furthermore the corrosion rate increased logarithmically with the quantity of the rubber placed in the exposure environment. It may be suggested that the corrosion rate of silver is determined by the amount of outgassed sulfur species which is a function of temperature and the quantity of rubber contained in the exposure environment.