• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2008

Cu/Fe/$Al_2O_3$ granules with various sizes have been prepared by a combination of sol-gel and oil drop method for the use in sulfur trioxide decomposition, a subcycle in thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle to split water in the hydrogen and oxygen. The size of composite granules have been mainly changed by the flow-rate of the gel mixture before dropping in the synthesis. The structural properties of the samples were comparable with granule size. In the reaction, the catalytic activity was enhanced by decreasing size in the entire reaction temperature ranges.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.673-679
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• 2008

The representative microorganism of autotrophic denitrification using sulfur granule, oxidizes the reduction from S and performs denitrification by reducing $NO_3{^-}-N$ to $N_2$ gas. The sampling of autotrophic denitrification microorganisms has been performed from foreshore sludge, condensed sludge, and active sludge, but the analysis of autotrophic denitrification microbial community characteristics has been lacking. Based on the separation and identification of each sample using the PCR and DGGE methodologies, many types of sulfuric microorganisms and autotrophic denitrification microorganisms were found.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2008

Generally speaking, there are two widely used methods of Nitrogen removal from waste water: 1) nitrification using autotrophic microorganisms, and 2) denitrification using heterotrophic microorganisms. The C/N ratio is an important factor of the denitrification process. In this case, if methanol is added to increase the lacking organic matter, a high economic cost is incurred and methanol is left in the processed water. In an effort to fix these issues, autotrophic denitrification through the use of Hydrogen, Iron and Sulfur is being studied, and among those Sulfur is cheaper and carries out denitrification effectively, and therefore is being studied the most. In this study, after cultivating T. denitrificans, the presence of T. denitrificans was determined and the effectiveness of denitirification via T. denitrificans was studied. In order to find out about the inhibition of T. denitrificans from the loading of organic matter, this shows that the greater the loading of organic matter, the more the denitrification ability of T. denitrificans is hindered. In order to research the hindrance of T. denitrificans resulting from the loading of $NO_3{^-}-N$, these results show that concentrations less than 100mg/L per 100mL of gel volume do not hinder T. denitrificans. In order to research the optimization of denitrification resulting from T. denitrificans, three 500mL samples of Sulfur granules were prepared: 1) one with only T. denitrificans attached (Mode I), 2) one with both T. denitrificans and active sludge attached (Mode II), and 3) one with only active sludge attached (Mode III). The results showed that autotrophic denitrification using S from Mode I was the most active.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.231-237
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• 1991

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative and granulomatous bacterial infection characterized by contiguous spread, abcess formation and sinus tract formation. There are four clinical forms according to the lesional site, as 1) cervicofacial, 2) thoracic, 3) abdominal, and 4) disseminated form. Recently, we experienced a case of 54 year-old patient with left mandibular actinomycosis. The pathognomonic findings of actinomycosis is sulfur granule with multiple filaments in Gram-stain and the treatment of actinomycosis is surgical excision of mass or sinus tract with massive antibiotics(esp. Penicillin) therapy for 6 to 12 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.467-471
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• 1996

We report a case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with fever, dry cough and pulmonary consolidation at the left upper lobe on chest radiograph. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed obstruction of the left upper lobar bronchus with exophytic mass and multiple nodular protruding lesions at the left main bronchus. Endobronchial actinomycosis was confirmed by demonstration of sulfur granule through the bronchoscopic biopsy of nodular lesion. Intravenous administration of penicillin G followed by oral tetracycline therapy for 5 months resulted in complete recovery of symptoms which had been present for 3 months prior to therapy. Infiltrative consolidation on the chest X-ray disappeared and all the lesions shown by bronchoscopy were nearly normalized after 6 months only to remain small nodular remnants at the left main bronchus. Endobronchial actinomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial mass.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 2002

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease entity to undergo thoracic surgery. We experienced a 49-year-old man with pulmonary actinomycosis who was admitted due to recurrent hemoptysis. Prior to admission, he was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis on the basis of his clinical manifestations and chest radiological findings. The plain chest x-ray and chest computed tomography(CT) showed a cavitary lesion in left upper lobe and was given anti-tuberculous medication, but the x-ray revealed no imprcovement. He underwent left upper lobe lobectomy with segmentectomy of lower lobe and the surgical specimen showed no evidence of mycobacterial infection, but revealed sulfur granules which is a typical pathological finding of actinomycosis. He was discharged uneventfully and is scheduled to receive 6 months of antibiotic treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.197-200
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• 2004

A 75 year old woman was admitted for evaluation of right lung mass. She was not a smoker. She had been diagnosed as uterine prolapse and during preoperative assessment a lung mass was found incidentally on simple chest X-ray. On chest CT scan, $3.5{\times}2$ cm sized homogeneous mass was located in the anterior segment of right upper lobe and there were multiple calcified lymph nodes in both hilum and mediastinal area. We performed diagnostic bronchoscopy, but no definite endobronchial mass was found. Next we did CT guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy. On microscopy, sulfur granules consisting of multiple granular basophilic centers with hyaline projection of branching filaments were noted. From this finding we made a diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.579-583
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• 2004

Actinomycosis is an indolent infectious disease characterized by pyogenic response and necrosis, followed by intense fibrosis. The main forms of human actinomycosis are cervicofacial, pulmonary, and abdominopelvic type. Pulmonary actinomycosis accounts for 15% to 20% of total cases and unfortunately, clinical manifestations and radiologic findings are nonspecific. Small pleural effusion or empyema may develop in advanced disease but massive empyema is infrequent and rarely reported. We report a case of huge empyema caused by pulmonary actinomycosis in a 55 year-old man, presented with one-month history of productive cough and fever. The CT scan revealed a huge cavity with air-fluid level occupying the left hemithorax. Empyema caused by actinomycosis was confirmed microscopically by demonstration of sulfur granules in empyema sac through thracotomy. Decortication and surgical resection of empyema sac and destructed lung was accomplished and followed by intravenous infusion of penicillin G.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2018

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the major vegetable crops in Korea that are damaged and lost by pathogenic fungal infection during storage due to a lack of proper storage conditions. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate control measure using thymol to increase the shelf life of onions. To control fungal infections that occur during low-temperature storage, it is necessary to identify the predominant fungal pathogens that appear in low-temperature storage houses. Botrytis aclada was found to be the most predominant fungal pathogen during low-temperature storage. The antifungal activity of the plant essential oil thymol was tested and compared to that of the existing sulfur treatments. B. aclada growth was significantly inhibited up to 16 weeks with spray treatments using a thymol solution. To identify an appropriate method for treating onions in a low-temperature storage house, thymol was delivered by two fumigation treatment methods, either by heating it in the granule form or as a solution at low-temperature storage conditions (in vivo). We confirmed that the disease severity was reduced up to 96% by fumigating thymol solution compared to the untreated control. The efficacy of the fumigation of thymol solution was validated by testing onions in a low-temperature storage house in Muan, Jeollanam-do. Based on these results, the present study suggests that fumigation of the thymol solution as a natural preservative and fungicide can be used as an eco-friendly substitute for existing methods to control postharvest disease in long-term storage crops on a commercial scale.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

Actinomycosis is a chronic infectious disease, which is produced by Gram-positive anaerobic organisms, actinomycetes, normally inhabit in the mouth, bowel and female genital tract. Primary endobronchial actinomycosis is relatively rare infection and can be misdiagnosed as endobronchial tuberculosis or malignancies. We experienced a case of primary endobronchial actinomycosis in a 49-year-old man presented with fifteen-days history of hemoptysis and cough. He had a past history of extraction of teeth because of dental caries six months ago. Chest X-ray showed irregular consolidation ad bronchoscopic findings revealed nearly obstruction by tumor mass with active bleeding in RLL. Pathologic finding of the bronchial mass showed sulfur granule with granulation tissue formation. Intravenous administration of penicillin G followed by oral ampicillin therapy for 6 months resulted in marked improvement in symptoms and chest X-ray findings. We report this case with review of literature.