• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2006

A lactic acid bacterial strain resistant to several antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tylosin, neomycin and sulfathiazole, which have been often used as a therapeutic agent in livestock, was isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract. The isolate YB-55 was identified as belonging to the genus Pediococcus with the highest similarity to P. pentosaceus on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties. The isolated strain showed viability of over 85% at pH 3.0 and was resistant to bile salt. The strain produced lactic acid of 12.3 g/L by jar fermentation and maintained its viability in the presence of antibiotics at dosage related therapeutic effect, suggesting P. pentosaceus YB-55 may of ffr potential as a probiotics for livestock.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1988

Naphthoquinone derivatives have been found to be anticoagulant. In this report, several new 2-chloro-3-(N-arylamino)-naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized in oder to develope mild anticoagulant. 2, 3-dichloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone was reacted with p-aminobenzoic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, toluidine, m-nitroaniline, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, sulfaguanidine, phenetidine, 2-aminopyrimidine and 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole in EtOH or AcOH afford 2-chloro-3-(p-carboxy anilino)-naphthoquinone (1), 2-chloro-3-(m-carboxyanilino)-naphthoquinone (2),2-chloro-3-(toluidino)-naphthoquinone (3),2-chloro-3-(m-nitroanilino)-naphthoquinone (4), 2-chloro-3-(4-sulfanilanilino)-naphthoquinone (5), 2-chloro-3-(4-sulfathiazolino)-naphthoquinone (6),2-chloro-3-(4-sulfaguanidino)-naphthoquinone (7),2-chlro-3-(phenetidino)-naphthoquinone (8), 2-chloro-3-(pyrimidine-2-amino)-naphthoquinone (9) and 2-chloro-3-(5-methylisoxazole-3-amino)-naphthoquinone (10) in good yield.

• 약학회지
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.16-31
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• 1968

Comparative studies were made on some sulfonamides, used individually and combined with parasympatholytic agents as regards (1) the absorption rate through isolated rat small intestine (in vitro), (2) the absorption rate through rat small intestine (in vivo), and (3) the blood concentration of sulfonamides were examined by its oral administration with each combined drug to rabbits, and the following effects were found, parasympatholytic agents inhibit the absorption of sulfonamides from the small intestinal tract. Comparison of the inhibitic efficiency of parasympatholytic agents is as follows: oxazepam, oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride, probantheline bromide, atropine sulfate (The examples are from the weakest to the strongest). Decrement of the absorption rate of sulfonamides is as follows: sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine (The example are from the strongest to the weakest). Additionally, it is assumed that if the combined drugs were absorbed from the small intestine in the original form, those inhibitic effects should be best regarding to their sulfonamide per parasympatholytic agent combined rate "25:1" than to their any other rates.her rates.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1994

Four sulfoanmides ; sulfamerazine ; sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadimethoxine from muscle, kindney, liver and heart tissues of pork and chicken by LC. Residual sulfonamides were extracted with dichloromethane and determined on a Sperisorb ODS-1 column(250mm$\times$4.6mm id) with acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (30/70/0.3 v/v) as a mobile phase at 260nm. Recoveries from 4 tissues of pork and chicken samples fortified with 50 and 100 ppb were 71.2~87.2% and 73.7~89.6%, respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in each drug. Sulfamethazine in 5 samples of pork. And sulfadimethoxine in 5 samples and sulfamethazine in 3 samples were also detected from 41 samples of chicken. The order of residue levels of sulfonamides in tissues was kidney>liver>heart>muscle, respectively. The residue levels of sulfonamides from kidney and liver were 0.03~0.15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in porks and 0.03~0.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in chickens.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2017

전국의 퇴비 및 액비 시료에서 대상 항생제 종9 (ceftiofur, clopidol, florfenicol, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, tetracycline, tiamulin, tylosin)을 pH 6 McIlvaine buffer를 사용하여 아세트산 함유 아세토니트릴, $Na_2Cit.5H_2O$, $Na_3Cit.2H_2O$로 추출 후 $C_{18}$과 PSA로 정제하여 LC-MS/MS로 분석하는 모니터링을 수행하였다. 그 중 5종의 항생제 sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, tylosin, tiamulin 및 clopidol이 국내 퇴액비 시료에서 검출되었으며 제안한 분석법은 퇴 액비 중 잔류 항생제 모니터링을 위한 빠르고 간편한 시험법이라 사료 된다. 본 실험을 통하여 퇴비 및 액비 중 축산 항생제의 잔류 현황을 파악하여 모니터링 자료를 확보하였고 이를 활용하여 검출된 항생제들이 안전한 토양 및 생태 환경 유지 및 관리의 기초 자료와 더불어 환경기준 예비 항목 및 설정(안)을 위한 기초자료로 제공 및 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2013

본 연구는 수계에 잔류된 미량오염물질이 활성탄 여과공정을 통해 제거되는 메커니즘을 파악하고자 입상활성탄(GAC)을 이용하여 sulfonamide계 항생물질(SAs)에 대한 흡착제거 실험 및 Density functional theory (DFT)를 활용한 흡착 모델링 계산을 수행하였다. 활성탄 흡착실험결과 1시간 및 24시간 동안의 흡착 제거율은 각각 68.4~90.7% 그리고 99.0~99.9%로 나타났으며, 두 가지 경우 모두 흡착 제거율의 크기는 sulfamethazine (SMZ) > sulfathiazole (STZ) > sulfamethoxazole (SMTZ)의 순으로 높게 나타났다. DFT 흡착 모델링 계산 결과에서는, graphene 모형에 대한 SAs의 결합 형태는 SAs의 공통부분인 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide 고리 부분을 통하여 안정된 흡착형태를 나타내었으며, SMTZ의 경우에는 반대쪽 고리인 3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-amine 고리 부분과의 결합이 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 흡착물의 형태가 보존되는 흡착모형에서의 흡착에너지는 SMZ, STZ, 그리고 STMZ가 각각 -4.91, -4.64, 그리고 -4.62 eV로 나타났다(흡착에너지 강도: SMZ > STZ > STMZ). 이는 흡착제거실험에서 측정된 흡착제거율 크기와도 일치되는 경향을 나타낸다. 또한, SAs 물질이 분해되면서 흡착될 때 발생될 수 있는 구조상의 특성 변화에 대한 정보를 나타내었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

In order to analyze environmental impact of livestock manure and organic fertilizers, this study investigated livestock-breeding and pollution loads, the status of individual and public livestock manure treatment facilities, and the status of production, supply and components of compost and liquid fertilizers in the Nonsan area. Also, on a trial basis, this study investigated the life cycle of the environmental impact of livestock manure and its organic fertilizers on stream, groundwater, and agricultural soil. The results are as follows. Firstly, were detected the range of $0.13{\sim}1.32{\mu}g/L$ of As, $0.004{\sim}0.467{\mu}g/L$ of Cd and $0.5{\sim}9.2{\mu}g/L$ of Pb as a harmful substances which show lower concentrations than person preservation criteria of water qualities and aquatic ecosystem. However, it is not clear that heavy metals affect environment such as stream, groundwater and agricultural soil. Secondly, this influence could change according to investigation time and treatment efficiency. As were detected large amounts of persistent organic pollutants(e.g. $14.24{\sim}38.47{\mu}g/L$ of acetylsalicylic acid, $1.17{\sim}2.96{\mu}g/L$ of sulfamethazine, and $2.25{\sim}174.09{\mu}g/L$ of sulfathiazole) in effluent from livestock farms and small amounts of sulfathiazole($ND{\sim}1.63{\mu}g/L$) in the stream, it is necessary to monitor POPs at individual and public livestock manure treatment facilities. However, significant environmental impact did not appear at groundwater and agricultural soil in the test area supplied with liquid fertilizers. These results could be applied to investigate the environmental impact of livestock manure through a comprehensive livestock manure management information system.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1105-1112
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• 2009

항생물질은 기생충의 박멸, 질병의 예방과 치료, 생장촉진 등을 목적으로 이용되는 생리적 활성도가 높은 물질이다. 항생물질은 투여량의 20~30% 만이 사용되며 나머지는 배출되기 때문에 과량 사용시 환경으로 유입되어 내성 박테리아의 출현을 야기할 수 있다. 최근 들어 수질에서 잔류 항생물질에 대한 모니터링 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 국내의 경우 토양에 관한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 사용량이 높은 tetracycline 계열 및 sulfonamide 계열 항생물질을 선정하여 토양 컬럼에서 토양 깊이별 그리고 침출수로의 이동성을 평가하였다. 항생물질 중 tetracycline 계열 3종(tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline)은 토양에서의 질량 회수율이 28.00~44.11%로 나타나 침출수의 질량 회수율 (10.54~27.43%) 보다 높게 조사되었다. 이는 tetracycline 계열 항생물질의 높은 흡착계수($K_d$)로 인해 점토광물 및 양이온과 강하게 흡착함으로서 침출수에는 소량이 검출된 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 sulfonamide 계열 2종(sulfamethazine와 sulfathiazole)은 침출수에서의 질량 회수율이 23.19~26.20%로 토양의 질량회수율(10.41~14.21%)보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 sulfonamide 계열 항생물질이 상대적으로 낮은 흡착계수 값을 지녀 토양에서의 이동성이 높기 때문으로 판단되었고 환경중 유거수(runoff)를 통해 쉽게 이동할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2008

입상활성탄 재질별 신탄에서의 sulfonamide계 항생물질 5종에 대한 파과특성의 경우 석탄계 활성탄이 가장 늦게 파과에 도달하였으며, 다음으로 야자계, 목탄계 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 물질별 활성탄에서의 파과특성을 살펴보면 sulfachloropyridazine(SCP)의 파과시점이 가장 늦은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 sulfathiazole(STZ), sulfadimethoxine(SDM), sulfamethazine(SMT), sulfamethoxazole(SMX)로 나타났다. 활성탄 g당 sulfonamide계 항생물질 5종에 대한 최대 흡착량(X/M)은 석탄계 활성탄이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 야자계와 목탄계 순으로 나타났다. sulfonamide계 항생물질 5종에 대한 석탄계 활성탄의 최대 흡착량(X/M)은 야자계와 목탄계 활성탄에 비해 각각 1.3$\sim$1.5배 및 1.8$\sim$2.1배 정도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 활성탄에서의 흡착용량을 나타내는 k값의 경우 활성탄 재질별로는 석탄계 활성탄이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 다음으로 야자계, 목탄계 활성탄 순으로 조사되어 석탄계 활성탄이 각각의 sulfonamide계 항생물질들에 대해 가장 큰 흡착용량을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 5종의 sulfonamide계 항생물질별로는 SCP가 전반적으로 다른 sulfonamide계 항생물질 4종에 비해 활성탄 재질별로 가장 큰 k값을 나타내었으며, 다음으로 STZ, SDM, SMT, SMX 순의 경향을 나타내었다. 활성탄 사용율(carbon usage rate, CUR)은 SCP의 경우 석탄계 재질의 활성탄이 3.55 g/일, 야자계나 목탄계 활성탄은 각각 4.29 g/day 및 6.47 g/day의 활성탄을 사용하여야만 제어가 가능한 것으로 조사되어 석탄계 활성탄이 다른 재질의 활성탄들에 비해 적은 양으로도 sulfonamide계 항생물질을 제어할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 sulfonamide계 항생물질 4종에서도 이와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2006

Ninety six crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were used to determine the effects of essential oils (Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$) supplementation on growth performance, immune response and fecal noxious gas of weaned pigs. Treatments were 1) NC (negative control; basal diet without antibiotics), 2) PC [positive control; basal diet+CSP (CTC+Sulfathiazole+Penicillin) 0.1%], 3) NCF (basal diet+Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$ 0.03%) and 4) PCF [basal diet+CSP (CTC+Sulfathiazole+Penicillin) 0.1%+Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$ 0.02%]. From d 0 to 14, ADFI was increased in pigs fed PCF diet (p<0.05). From d 14 to 28, pigs fed PCF diet had greater ADG and ADFI than pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). From d 28 to 49, ADG and ADFI in pigs fed PCF diet were higher than in pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). Through the entire experimental period, ADG and ADFI in pigs fed PCF diet were the highest compared to pigs fed NC and PC diets (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in fecal consistency score among the treatments (p>0.05). No statistical differences (p>0.05) were found in red blood cells (RBC) counts, white blood cells (WBC) counts, lymphocyte counts, total protein and albumin. Serum IgG concentration of PCF treatment was greater than that of other treatments (p<0.05). From d 0 to 14, there was no significant difference in digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen among the treatments (p>0.05). From d 14 to 28, digestibility of dry matter in pigs fed PC, NCF and PCF diets was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05) and treatments with added essential oils were higher than other diets on digestibility of nitrogen (p<0.05). Also, from d 28 to 49, digestibility of nitrogen in pigs fed PCF diet was the highest among others (p<0.05). On d 14 and 28, no statistical differences (p>0.05) were found in volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) concentrations among treatments. On d 49, there was no significant difference in VFA concentration among the treatments (p>0.05). $NH_3$-N concentration in pigs fed PCF diet was lower than in pigs fed other diets (p<0.05). $H_2S$ concentration in pigs fed diets with added essential oils was lower than others. In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary addition of essential oils and antibiotics into diets for weanling pigs improved growth performance, IgG concentration and nitrogen digestibility and decreased noxious gas concentration. Essential oils can be used to partly replace antibiotics in diets for weaned pigs without negative affects on growth performance.