• Advances in environmental research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2023

The effect of homobrassinolide (HBL) on the nutrient value of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome grown in Nizamabad, Telangana State, India was studied. Application of homobrassinolide (HBL) as foliar spray to turmeric plants on the 20^th, 40^th and 60^th day from sowing resulted in enhanced chemical composition of turmeric rhizome. Application of homobrassinolide (HBL) resulted in enhanced total sugars, principal ingredient curcumin, total poly phenol content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, crude fat, crude fibre and essential oils (turmerone, zingiberene, cineole and p-cymene) present in the turmeric rhizome indicating the ability of homobrassinolide (HBL) as a potential plant growth regulator (PGR).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1991

For the investigation of major taste components in loquat(Eiobotrya japonica) flesh its conte-nts and compositions of free sugars organic aicds and free amino acids were analyzed Major free sugars of the fully ripened loquat were fructose glucose and sucrose and their contents were 3,71, 3.42 and 0.46%(w/w) respectively. The content of total sugar 13.7% was 2 times higher than that of the unripe fruit. The content of total organic acid was about 0.2% (w/w) and major organic acids were malic acid -89mg% formic acid -32mg% and oxalic acid -26%mg% Thirteen kinds of free amino acids from the fully ripened loquat were confirmed. Major free amino acids were aspartic acid valine glutamic acid serine alanine and histidine and their contents were in the range of 18-30mg%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1982

The composition and concentration of ginsenosides and the free sugars in panax ginseng(Korea ginseng), panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and panax pseudoginseng var. notoginseng (Sanchi ginseng), were investigated. The major ginsenosides and the order of their amount in panax ginseng are Rbl, Rc Rgl, Re, Rb2 Rd and these are about 90% of total ginsenosides, but major ginsenosides of American and Snachi ginseng art Rbl, Re, Rg1 (about 91% of total) ansi Rgl, Rbl, Re (about 93% of total) respectively. Sanchi ginseng was observed in higher concentration of panaxatriol than panaxadiol unlike panax and American ginseng. Free sugars in white ginseng are fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose. Whereas, in red ginseng rhamnose and xylose were also detected as free sugar.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.910-919
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• 2012

The role of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the production of amino acids, organic acids and soluble sugars is one of the most important biochemical processes in plants, and, in order to achieve normally, nitrate uptake and assimilation is essential. For this reason, the characterization of nitrate assimilation and metabolite composition from leaves, roots and xylem sap of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was investigated under different nitrate levels in media. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically in liquid culture under five different nitrate regimes: deficient (0.25 and 0.75 mM $NO_3{^-}$), normal (2.5 mM $NO_3{^-}$) and excessive (5.0 and 10.0 mM $NO_3{^-}$). All samples, leaves, roots and xylem sap, were collected after 7 and 14 days after treatment. The levels of amino acids, soluble sugars and organic acids were significantly decreased by N-deficiency whereas, interestingly, they remained higher in xylem sap as compared with N-normal and -surplus. The N-excessive condition did not exert any significant changes in metabolites composition, and thus their levels were similar with N-normal. The gene expression and enzyme activity of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) were greatly influenced by nitrate. The data presented here suggest that metabolites, as a signal messenger, existed in xylem sap seem to play a crucial role to acquire nitrate, and, in addition, an increase in ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate pathway-derived amino acids under N-deficiency may help to better understand plant C/N metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.649-653
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• 1996

This study was carried out to quantitate the proximate composition of free sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals contents in Jehotang. The analysis of overall chemical components of Jehotang indicates that it contains 22.40% of moisture, 1.31% of crude protein, 1.24% of crude fat, 0.80% of ash and 74.25% of carbohyderate. The pH of the Jehotang was 3.2. The sugar content was relatively high. Among the identified extractable free sugars were 15.3% of fructose, 13.6% of glucose, 0.42% of sucrose, 1.18% of maltose, and a trace of isomaltose. No raffinose, maltotriose and molezitose were detected. In amino acid composition of the Jehotang, leucine was the highest with the content of 9.6mg, followed by arginine, valine, and phenylalanine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid was 40.4%. Fatty acid content, which occupies 1.24%, can be classified into 4 kinds. Major ones, in order of quantity, are oleic acid(52.7%), linoleic acid(28.5%), palmitic acid(14.6%) and stearic acid(4.2%). Among the minerals, the amount of K was the highest with the level of 2430.5ppm, followed by Ca, Na, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.768-775
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• 2023

Objective: Oilseeds and nut co-products can be used as alternative feed ingredients in animal diets because they may have a lower cost than traditional ingredients. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the chemical composition of copra, palm kernel, and nut co-products from South-East Asia or Australia. The hypothesis that country of production influences nutritional composition was tested. Methods: Oilseed meals included 2 copra expellers, 3 copra meals, and 12 palm kernel expellers. One source of almond hulls and cashew nut meal were also used. Samples were obtained from suppliers located in South-East Asia or Australia. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Copra and nut co-products were also analyzed for total starch and sugars. Results: Copra expellers had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of dry matter and AEE compared with copra meal. However, copra meal had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of total dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and copper than copra expellers. Palm kernel expellers from Indonesia had greater (p<0.05) concentration of histidine and tyrosine compared with palm kernel expellers from Vietnam. Almond hulls was high in dietary fiber, but also contained free glucose and fructose, whereas cashew nut meal was high in AEE, but low in all free sugars. Conclusion: Copra expellers have greater concentration of AEE, but less concentration of total dietary fiber when compared with copra meal, and except for a few AA, no differences in nutrient composition of palm kernel expellers produced in Indonesia or Vietnam were detected. According to the chemical composition of nut co-products, cashew nut meal may be more suitable for non-ruminant diets than almond hulls.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.412-418
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• 2023

The surge in the oil prices, increasing global population, climate change, and waste management problems are the major issues which have led to the development of biofuels from lignocellulosic wastes. Cellulosic or second generation (2G) bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass via pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Pretreatment of lignocellulose is of considerable interest due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, furniture waste sawdust was subjected to alkaline peroxide (H₂O₂) for the production of reducing sugars. Sawdust was pretreated at different concentrations from 1-3% H₂O₂ (v/v) loadings at a pH of 11.5 for a residence time of 15-240 min at 50, 75 and 90 ℃. Optimum pretreatment conditions, such as time of reaction, operating temperature, and concentration of H₂O₂, were varied and evaluated on the basis of the amount of total reducing sugars produced. It was found that the changes in the amount of lignin directly affected the yield of reducing sugars. A maximum of 50% reduction in the lignin composition was obtained, which yielded a maximum of 75.3% total reducing sugars yield and 3.76 g/L of glucose. At optimum pretreatment conditions of 2% H₂O₂ loading at 75 ℃ for 150 min, 3.46 g/L glucose concentration with a 69.26% total reducing sugars yield was obtained after 48 hr. of the hydrolysis process. Pretreatment resulted in lowering of crystallinity and distortion of the sawdust after the pretreatment, which was further confirmed by XRD and SEM results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.112-113
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• 1995

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2012

During two years, four samples per year were collected in Vietnam from rice bran, cassava residue, brewer's grain, tofu residue, soybean meal, coconut cake, sweet potato vines and water spinach for chemical analysis and assessment of water holding capacity (WHC). The selected feedstuffs represent fibre-rich plant sources and agro-industry co-products commonly used in pig feeding in Vietnam. The content (g/kg DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) varied between feedstuffs and ranged from 21 to 506 for CP, from 14 to 118 for EE and from 197 to 572 for NSP. Cassava residue had a high starch content of 563 g/kg DM, while sweet potato vines, water spinach, coconut cake and soybean meal had a high content of sugars (63-71 g/kg DM). The content of individual neutral sugars varied between feed ingredients, with the highest content of arabinose, galactose and glucose in tofu residue, the highest content of xylose in brewer's grain and the highest content of mannose in coconut cake. The content of uronic acid was high for cassava residue, tofu residue, sweet potato vines and water spinach (57-88 g/kg DM). The content of soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides (S-NCP) was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.82) to the WHC. The content (g/kg DM) of CP, NDF, neutral sugars, total NSP, total NCP, S-NCP and total dietary fibre in tofu residue, water spinach and coconut cake varied (p<0.05) between years. In conclusion, diet formulation to pigs can be improved if the variation in chemical composition of the fibre fraction and in WHC between potential feed ingredients is taken into account.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 1973

Studies were made on the sugars composition in dried lavers (Porphyra yezoensis Ueda) and changes in the contents of sugars during the storage under a dry and a humid conditions respectively. 1) No notable difference was observed in the glucose content between those dried lavers samples, which were stored under dry and humid conditions. Galactose content showed little change under a dry condition, but under a humid condition rapidly increased to a maximum of about ten times of its initial amount and then decreased gradually. 2) The content of floridoside rapidly decreased under a humid condition while slowly decreased under a dry condition, of which tendency is a contrast to that of galactose. 3) One of the unidentified components, which is deduced to be isofloridoside, showed a fluctuation pattern, which bears resemblance to that of floridoside.