• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1125-1129
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• 2005

A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding sugar cane silage compared to chopped whole sugar cane or grass silage on performances of lactating dairy cows during the dry season. Twenty four Holstein Friesian crossbred (>87.5% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows in mid lactation; averaging 15.4${\pm}$3.2 kg of milk, 120${\pm}$23 days in milk, 50.5${\pm}$6.5 months old and 432${\pm}$39 kg live weight, were stratified for milk yield, days in milk, age, stage of lactation and body weight, and then randomly allocated to three treatment groups (8 cows in each group). All cows were fed 7.5 kg/d commercial concentrate plus ad libitum roughage according to treatment groups, which were grass silage, sugar cane silage or chopped whole sugar cane respectively. All cows consumed similar DM and produced similar milk and milk composition yields. However, cows on grass silage lost more weight than the other cows. The present study indicated that, during the dry season, sugar cane silage can be fed to lactating dairy cows, while giving similar milk yield to grass silage or chopped whole sugar cane.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and the effect of total collection days (two and four days) on apparent digestibility estimates for lambs fed diets containing sugar cane treated with calcium oxide (CaO). Eight Santa In$\hat{e}$s castrated male lambs with a $16.6{\pm}1.8$ kg body weight were used. The lambs were distributed in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares, with four experimental periods of 14 d each. The animals were kept in 1.2 $m^2$ individual pens, and the intake and digestibility evaluations were performed during the last four days of each period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 14% crude protein (CP), and presenting 70% sugar cane treated with 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25% of CaO (as-fed basis), corrected with 1% urea, and 30% concentrate. The sugar cane with added CaO was chopped, treated, and offered to the animals after 24 h of storage. The sugar cane with CaO increased the DM, OM, CP, NDF, NDFap, TC, NFCap and TDN intake (kg/d), when compared to natural sugar cane, and produced the same intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (% BW). The NFCap digestibility of the CaO-treated sugar cane was inferior to the NFCap digestibility in natural sugar cane. There was a linear increase in the DM intake with the CaO-added sugar cane, but the DM and NDF digestibility and the TDN content decreased linearly. The chemical treatment of sugar cane with CaO increases the intake but does not improve the nutrient digestibility. Two days of total fecal collection were found to be sufficient to estimate the total apparent digestibility in lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2005

A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding chopped whole sugar cane compared to corn silage on performances of dairy cows during the dry season. Twenty four Holstein Friesian crossbred (>87.5% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows in mid lactation; averaging 16.5${\pm}$2.0 kg of milk, 121${\pm}$22 days in milk, 54.5${\pm}$4.5 months old and 440${\pm}$31 kg live weight, were stratified for milk yield, days in milk, age, stage of lactation and body weight, and then randomly allocated to two treatment groups (12 cows in each group). The first group was fed corn silage together with commercial concentrate while the second group was fed chopped whole sugar cane together with commercial concentrate. All cows consumed similar DM, however, cows on corn silage consumed more CP while cows on chopped whole sugar cane consumed more $NE_{LP}$. No significant differences in performances between the two groups were observed except for final live weight and body weight change. Cows on chopped whole sugar cane showed higher final live weight and gained more weight than cows on corn silage. The present study clearly indicates that chopped whole sugar cane can be fed to lactating dairy cows, while giving similar milk yield to corn silage.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2012

The performance of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 1000 and 3500 Da in clarifying sugar cane juice was investigated, as well as the performance of a nanofiltration (NF) membrane with MWCO of 200 Da and a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in concentrating sugar cane juice. For both cases the sugar cane juice had been limed and partially clarified. The UF membranes were found to be effective at clarifying the sugar cane juice in terms of purity rise and reduction in turbidity, colour, starch and protein. A purity rise of approximately 6 was achieved by both UF membranes at trans-membrane pressures (TMP) from 15 to 25 bar. However, Brix reduction in the permeate was between 14.5 and 41.85% and 12.11 and 26.52% for 1000 Da and 3500 Da membranes respectively. For the 200 Da and RO membranes the Brix in the concentrate was increased from 7.65 to 12.3 after 3 hours of operation for the 200 Da membrane at a TMP of 10 bar, whilst the Brix in the concentrate was increased from 15.65 to 27.6 after 3 hours of operation for the RO membrane at a TMP of 35 bar. Overall, UF membranes were found to be unsuitable for clarification of sugar cane juice since significant amount of Brix is reduced in the permeate, whilst RO membranes were found to be effective for concentration of sugar cane juice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.114-116
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• 1995

Concentrated Brazillian sugar cane stillage was used as a substrate for the yeast biomass production using Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa. At the optimum stillage concentration of 10% dry matter, biomass production was 20.4 g/l and COD reduction rate was 41%. The specific growth rate of the yeast was 0.17 $h^{-1}$ and the corresponding productivity 0.91 g $l{-1} h^{-1}$ in the batch fermentation was observed at $40{\circ}^C$.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1973

Monosodium glutamate(MSG) is a widely used food additive. Some reports descried its positive effect and the others, negative effect on mouse, monkey, human or drosophilid flies. Because of the conflicting reports the present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of MSG on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. The two strains of D. melanogaster, Oregon-R and Sinchon-I were used and MSG as well as cane sugar (as the second control) media were prepared by adding MSG or cane sugar at various concentrations to the standard food media for the present study. Ten flies (Male 5, Female 5) were placed in each vial and the numbers of $F_1$ flies emerged from it were counted. The results are presented below: 1. The numbers of $F_1$ flies decrease as the concentrations of MSG increase, implying that MSG has an inhibitory effect in the development of D. melanogaster. 2. The effects of cane sugar show an enhancing effect rather than an inhibitory one. 3. The numbers of $F_1$ fies produced in the Sinchon-I strain are greater than in the Oregon-R. This may be due to the difference in the length of inbred period. 4. The Muller-5 test shows a negative result, suggesting that MSG may be not mutagenic.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.770-775
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• 2000

Several process parameters were studied to ascertain the effect on degradation of sugar cane bagasse in relation to the production of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugars by Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Culture Fermentation (SCF) of Aspergillus terreus SUK-1. The effect of air-flow rate (0-1.3 v/v/m), of different ratios of substrate weight to liquid volume (1:6, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 w/v, g/ml), scale-up effect (10, 20, and 100 times of 1:10 ration, w/v) and the effect of temperature (30, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$) in SSF were studied. Air-flow rate of 1.0 v/v/m gave the highest enzyme activity (FPase 0.25 IU/ml, CMCase 1.24 IU/ml) and reducing sugars concentration (0.72 mg/ml). Experiment using 1:10 ratio (w/v) was found to support maximum cellulase activity (FPase 0.58 IU/ml, CMCase 1.97 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (1.23 mg/ml). Scaling-up the ratio of 1:10(w/v) by a factor of 20 gave the highest cellulase activity (FPase 0.71 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (3.67 mg/ml). The optimum temperature for cellulase activity and reducing sugar production was $50^{\circ}C$(FPase 0.792 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml and 3.85 mg/ml for reducing sugar concentration). For SCF, the activity of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugar concentration was found to be lower than that obtained for SSF. The highest cellulase activity obtained in SCF was 50% lower than the highest cellulase activity in SSF, while for reducing sugar concentration, the highest concentration obtained in SCF was 90% lower than that obtained in SSF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a milling by-product diet and two sugar cane diets on the local Creole pig breed (CR). A total of 48 CR pigs (24 females and 24 castrated males) were randomly assigned to four different groups of 12 animals. Pigs were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments: fed with a control soya-bean meal-corn diet containing 19.1% crude protein (CP) and 15.4 MJ DE/kg (diet 1), with an experimental milling by-product diet (soya-bean meal and wheat by-products) containing 19.4% CP and 13.0 MJ DE/kg (diet 2), with ground cane stalks (GCS) or with fresh sugar cane juice (SCJ). Both GCS and SCJ were supplemented with soya-bean meal complement (400 g/d of a 48.7% CP and 16.1 MJ DE/kg diet) in order to obtain diets 3 and 4, respectively. Pigs were fed close to ad libitum level and had free access to water. All the pigs were slaughtered at 65 kg BW. Between 30 and 65 kg BW, growth performance was significantly (p<0.001) affected by dietary treatments: average daily BW gain was 657, 530, 546 and 200 g/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 and 1.4 kg/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Fat cuts (backfat+leaf fat) and backfat thickness were significantly lower on diet 3 than for other treatments (127 vs. 192, 166 g/kg of left half-carcass weight and 24.6 vs. 39.0, 35.3 mm for diet 3 vs. diets 1 and 4, and diet 2, respectively; p<0.001). The dressing weight was significantly lower on diets 2 (82.7 vs. 84.0%; p<0.001). The entire empty digestive tract (DT) weight was higher on diet 2 (73.1 vs. 66.7 g/kg empty BW). However, stomach and large intestine were more developed on diet 3: 12.8 vs. 9.3 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.001) and 26.4 vs. 23.8 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests the CR pig has the ability to reach rather good growth and carcass performance with a well-formulated sugar cane meal and/or with a milling by-product diet refined according to its low requirements.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the properties such as amounts of moisture, inverted sugar, cane sugar and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF) in feeding-honey(n=45) and wild-honey (n=3) harvested in Chonbuk area from April to November 1995. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The average percentages of moisture in both feeding- and wild-honey was 20.2%(range, 17.5~23.1) and 20.7%(19.4~22.2). And those of inverted sugar/cane sugar in both honeies were 64.4%(55.8~69.3)/6.8%(1.0~l5.7) and 68.9%(68.5~69.8)/3.1%(2.5~3.7), in seasonal analysis those were 65.9%/5.3% in spring, 65.7%/6.6% in summer, 62.1%/8.0% in autumn, respectively. On the other hand, the average amounts of HMF in both honeies were 44.86mg/kg(22.6~68.6) and 7.0mg/kg(6.2~7.6), its average difference between both honeies were about 37.86mg/kg regardless of region and season.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2015

Sugar cane, renewable fiber resources, were used for roof tile production. Urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and isocyanate resin were used as binders in this study. Roof tile specimens with 400 mm wide, 400 mm long and 5 mm thick were prepared by compression molding. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were analyzed by water absorption, thickness swelling, thermal conductivity, density, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. From the results, water absorption at 1 and 24 hours was 19-47 % and 38-57 %, respectively. Thickness swell at 24 hours was 15-29%. Thermal conductivity was 0.016, 0.017 and 0.019 W/m.K when using isocyanate, urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde, respectively. Density of the specimens was 770-860 kg/m3. Modulus of rapture was 255-280 MPa. Modulus of elasticity was 5.1-7.6 GPa. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens indicated that they would be applied for roof tile and construction.