• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.7-16
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find framework schema of early J usimpo-style Buddhist halls (Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple, Muryangsujeon Hall of Buseoksa Temple, and Daeungjeon Hall of Sudeoksa Temple). Though the halls are known as built in the late Goryeo Period, they show the influence of the architectural style of the early Unified Silla Period. To find the adopted modules and proportions of these halls, this study conceived a schematic diagram based on the whole frame structure taking reference from the Cai-Fen system in Yingzao Fashi. In these three halls, the heights of each cross-beam (Dori) are made up by the layers of member and member units. This study computes the values of Cai, Zhi, and Fen which can apply to both the section and the plan. The vertical section structure is determined by combining the standard member heights (Cai) and the standard unit heights (CaiZhi). The bays of columns are made by multiples of the standard member width (Fen).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2008

In this study, I attempted to the architectural design characteristics of Daeung-Jeon in Sudeok Temple. For this purpose, After I set up several assumptions in the basis of the general characteristics of Korean wood architecture, and then, analyzed floor plan, structural formation and section sizes of structure and bracket members in relation to module and unit. As the results, the characteristics of the design process of plan and structure are follows. (1) 1 ja(尺), the unit applied to this building is measured $307.6{\sim}318.3mm$) and the average is 312.9mm (2) It is estimated that the floor plan designed on the basis of the top of columns. By the applied unit, every bay of the front side and the side is each designed by 15 ja and 8.5 ja. (3) The section is composed of piled members which have same section size. As basic module of section size called 'jae(재;材)', it is estimated at width 0.45 ja by height 0.75 ja. And as the secondary module, height between jae and is called 'gyoe(계;)' and it wes designed by three height size of 0.25 ja, 0.27 ja and 0.30 ja, (4) It is estimated that the section plan was designed by the order as follows. Firstly, the horizontal position of purlins wes decided on the basis of the intersection point of long and short rafters, and then the position and the section size of purlins and jangheyo(長舌) wes decided on the basis of the slope of roof and rafters. Secondly, going down from purlins, the members of structure composed of 'jae' and 'gyoe' was repeated. Lastly, for the purpose of linking the structure members located on the center line of adjacent purlins organically, the height of whaban(화반) was controlled.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2023

This paper deals with the stone standing Avalokitesvara statue in Jeonghyesa Temple that was created by Mangong in 1924. The stone standing Avalokitesvara statue of Jeonghyesa Temple is the earliest extant Buddha statue produced by Mangong, and symbolism was given to Jeonghyesa in the process of its reconstruction. So far, there has been no study that has approached ideas and beliefs through Buddhist studies led by Mangong and specific relics. In order to proceed with this study, Mangong's legal words and anecdotes and newspaper articles during the Japanese colonial era were used to trace the dynamics of Jeonghyesa and Sudeoksa during Mangong's reign, and to investigate the effects obtained from the creation of the large Bodhisattva statue and the meaning of its location. In addition, an interview was attempted with the descendants of master, who were in charge of the sculpture at the time, to confirm the exact construction period and the list of craftsmen. It is judged that the stone standing Bodhisattva statue of Gwanchoksa Temple has been influenced by the double covering and square crown seen in the standing stone statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva of Jeonghyesa Temple, the large hands compared to the body, the proportion between the head and the body, and the sense of enormity felt in the body like a stone pillar. Therefore, we looked at how the standing stone Bodhisattva statue of Gwanchoksa Temple, which was produced in the early Goryeo Dynasty, could have influenced the creation of the Bodhisattva statue in the modern period. A multilateral analysis was attempted on how the image of the Gwanchoksa Bodhisattva statue, which was used as a symbol representing Chungcheongnam-do in the Chosun Exposition held in 1929 and the visit to Gwanchoksa Temple, which began with the laying of the railroad during the Japanese colonial period, was used from the viewpoint of the succession and transformation of the style. With this study as an opportunity, it is hoped that the understanding of the prehistoric Mangong representing the modern period and the horizon of Korean Buddhist sculpture research in the modern period will be broadened.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.535-548
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• 2016

Hanging paintings are used for special ceremonies in Buddhist temple. They are stored in special storage box called "Gwaebulgwae" which means storage box for a hanging painting. Studies regarding pigments, background fibers and textiles of hanging paintings are carried out with many data in the field of conservation science. However, there are only few studies for the axes of hanging paintings and storage boxes. In this study, species identification for wooden axes of hanging paintings and storage boxes from the Joseon dynasty are carried out. Hanging painting of Beopjusa temple, Magoksa temple, Sudeoksa temple, Gaeamsa temple, Sudosa temple, Bukjangsa temple, Dorimsa temple, Tongdosa temple and Daeryeonsa temple are selected. Sampling is carried out from the axes of hanging paintings and storage boxes. 81 samples are collected from hanging paintings and storage boxes. As a result, 51 hard pines of Pinus spp., 8 Tilia spp., 6 Juniperus spp., 5 soft pines of Pinus spp., 4 Tsuga spp., 3 Pseudotsuga spp., 2 Berchemia spp., 1 Pyrus spp., 1 Bambusoideae are identified. Tsuga spp. and Pseudotsuga spp. might be used in conservation and restoration works in modern times because those species do not naturally grow in Korea. Most hanging paintings and storage boxes are made of hard pine. Also, some of are made of Tilia spp., because it represents the symbol of Buddha. Some unique kinds of trees used for wooden sculpture are identified, such as Juniperus spp. and Berchemia spp. Authentic conservation and restoration works could be carried out with this data-base.