• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.554-559
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of chitosan-oligosaccharides (CHIOL) on hydrophobicity of pathogenic E coli including a field isolate from suckling piglet with diarrhea, E coli-O157 : H7, and E coli-O149 : K88ac. E coli field isolate appeared adhesion of 100% to n-hexadecane between 0.00125% and 0.05% CHIOL. E coli-O157 : H7 occurred adhesion of 69% and 64% under the level of 0.00125% and 0.025% CHIOL, respectively. E coli-O149 : K88ac showed adhesion of 100% in higher than 0.025% CHIOL. For cationic action, the adhesion of E coli isolate and E coli-O149 : K88ac to n-hexadecane were inhibited at level of higher than 10mM $Ca^{2+}$ but did not induce any difference among the concentrations used(p < 0.01). However, the adhesion of E coli-O157 : H7 to n-hexadecane was inhibited at level of higher than 50mM $Ca^{2+}$. In a field trial, control piglets showed average mortality of up to 58% during 3 days after the onset of diarrhea. In contrast, the prevalence of E coli-induced diarrhea in CHIOL-treated groups without mortality was dropped down to average 34% on the 1st day after the treatment of CHIOL, and average 2% on the 4th day. After then, piglets with diarrhea was not present. In conclusion, the low concentrations of CHIOL were most likely to associate with the enhancement of hydrophobicity to pathogenic E coli. Calcium inhibited the hydrophobicity of E coli by CHIOL. These results suggested that CHIOL could be played an efficient and reliable role in treating enteric colibacillosis of piglets.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis (PJPPD) is a disease of young pigs and characterized by nonpruritic round eruption of skin. The cause of this disease is yet undetermined but is presumed to be genetic predisposition. There may be few opportunities for veterinarian to detect this disease compared with actual situation in field because these lesions resolve spontaneously in two months. The authors detected spontaneous PJPPD case and performed clinical and pathological studies on three pigs from one farm. The specific skin lesions were observed in the forty-day old pigs of mixed breed, which were produced by the sows received semen from the same boar, restrictively. However, there was no skin lesion of pigs in suckling or fattening periods. Grossly, lesions were commonly found on the ventral abdominal part as a papule and were spreaded to the skin of whole body. With the spreading of lesions centrifugally, skin was showed as a umbilicated plaques or mosaic pattern with a few pustules or crusts. Microscopically, the most prominent lesion was the psoriasiform hyperplasia with acanthosis, down growth of rete ridges, exocytosis of eosinophils and neutrophils, ballooning degeneration of superficial epidermis, and koilocytic degeneration of keratinocytes. Additionally, there were moderate dermal edema and severe mixed cellular infiltration, especially eosinophils. No infectious agent which can cause the skin lesion, was detected or cultured, and no lesion caused by infectious agents was also observed, pathologically. With pathological results of this study, it is supposed that pathogenesis or severity of PJPPD may be related to the infiltration of eosinophil or hypersensitivity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

The turnover time of the mucosal epithelium in the small intestine(jejunum and ilium) and large interstine(cecum), and the cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine was investigated with the radioautography in mice at various times after single injection of $^3H$-thymidine. Twenty suckling mice were sacrified at each of the following time intervals after injection ; 2 hrs, 1, 3, 5. 7, 14 and 17 days. 1. The labeled index of the epithelial cells in the crypt and the villus of the small intestine averaged 98.7% and 1.3% at 2 hrs, 982% and 1.8% at 1 day, 18.7% and 81.3% at 3 days, 6.3% and 93.7% at 5 days, respectively. The labeled index of the epithelial cells of the crypt-base, the upper-crypt and the mucosal surface in the large intestine averaged 71.8%, 28.2% and 0% at 2 hrs, 45%. 54.2% and 0% at 1 day, 17.2%, 54.5% and 28.2% at 3 days, 10.2%, 32.4% and 57.4% at 5 days, respectively. This result suggested that the turnover time of all the epithelial cells migrating from crypts to villi in the direction of the villus tips was calculated to be less than 5 days, and also the longest turnover time was calculated to be no longer than 7 day. 2. The labeled index of the total cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine averaged 6.2-7% at 2 hrs to 5 days, 4.7% at 7 days 2.6% at 17 days and this index is tend to be decreased moderately at 7 days and severely at 17 days. So this result suggested that the turnover time of the cells with the shorter cycle duration in the lamina propria of the small intestine were less than 5 days and that of the cells with the longer cycle duration more than 17 days.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

Serum samples of 1,175 pigs from 148 Korean swine farms not using Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) vaccines were collected for seroepidemiological study of M. hyo infection by indirect ELISA method. Informations of each farm were provided about province where the farm was located and season when blood samples were collected. Then, the selected farms were divided into farm units which had 5 serum samples according to production stages : sow, suckling piglet (<30 days old), nursery pig (30-70 days old), and growing pig (>70 days old). Seroprevalence of M. hyo infection according to production stages, province, and season was investigated by using ELISA-positve rate of the selected samples for each study. This study showed that 85.34% (78.94-91.78%, 95% CI) of farms were positive to M. hyo infection and 34.81% (32.09-37.53%, 95% CI) among pigs were sero-positive to M. hyo infection in Korean swine farms. In the study of seroprevalence by production stage, most farms had sows and growing pigs which were sero-positive to M. hyo infection (sow: 83.05%, growing pigs: 87.72%) and most pigs seemed to be naturally infected by M. hyo at 8-10 weeks of age. Also, M. hyo infection showed seasonal pattern that most pigs were infected in late fall to early winter. However, in the study of seroprevalence by province, there was no significant correlation between province and M. hyo sero-positive rate.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.555-559
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• 2012

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a by-product from processing corn to produce bio-ethanol, and it contains almost three times higher protein, fat, and fiber than corn. Intake of higher amount of nutrients originated from corn in lactating sows may contribute to changes in milk composition and thus alter the growth of suckling piglets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate effect of supplementing DDGS in the diet of lactating sows on variation in the body weight of piglets. A total of 50 sows with parities of 3 to 5 were usedand allottedinto one of four treatments which included 0 (CON), 10% (DDGS10), 20% (DDGS20), or 30% (DDGS30) DDGS in the diet. Diets were fed to sows during the whole lactation period. Individual body weights of piglets were measured within 24 h after farrowing and at weaning. No significant differences were observed inthe coefficient of variation (CV) for body weight of piglets within a litter after farrowing and at weaning among the treatments (p>0.05). There was, however, a tendency of decreases in the CV for body weight of piglets within a litter at weaning compared with that after farrowingin the DDGS10 and DDGS20 treatments. At weaning, the percentage of the number of piglets weighing less than 4.5 kg in DDGS20 (4.86%, 7 out of 144; p<0.05) or DDGS30 (5.04%, 6 out of 119; p=0.059) was lower than that in CON (12.41%; 17 out of 137) although this pattern was not observed in DDGS10. In conclusion, addition of DDGS in lactating sow diets improved piglet performance by reducing the number piglets weighing less than 4.5 kg.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Codonopsis pilosula extract powder (CEP) on the reproductive performance in sows. A total of 20 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, which was given a corn and soybean meal-based diets containing 0 or 5 g/kg of the CEP from 40 days prepartum to weaning (25 days postpartum). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of sow (p<0.01) and piglets (p<0.05) was significantly increased by the feeding of CEP. And we also demonstrated that the coefficient of correlation between the colostrum and serum indicates a significant positive correlation on IgG. The stillbirth of sows and mortality rate during suckling periods were slightly lower in CEP feeding group than control, but there is no significant difference. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dietary supplementation of CEP increases the humoral immunity in both of sows and piglets, and it might contribute to improve the reproductive performance of sows. Further, additory studies are necessary on the immunomodulatory mechanism of CEP components.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.854-863
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• 2021

Weaning induces physiological changes in intestinal development that affect pigs' growth performance and susceptibility to disease. As a posttranscriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular homeostasis during intestinal development. We performed small RNA expression profiling in the small intestine of piglets before weaning (BW), 1 week after weaning (1W), and 2 weeks after weaning (2W) to identify weaning-associated differentially expressed miRNAs. We identified 38 differentially expressed miRNAs with varying expression levels among BW, 1W, and 2W. Then, we classified expression patterns of the identified miRNAs into four types. ssc-miR-196a and ssc-miR-451 represent pattern 1, which had an increased expression at 1W and a decreased expression at 2W. ssc-miR-499-5p represents pattern 2, which had an increased expression at 1W and a stable expression at 2W. ssc-miR-7135-3p and ssc-miR-144 represent pattern 3, which had a stable expression at 1W and a decreased expression at 2W. Eleven miRNAs (ssc-miR-542-3p, ssc-miR-214, ssc-miR-758, ssc-miR-4331, ssc-miR-105-1, ssc-miR-1285, ssc-miR-10a-5p, ssc-miR-4332, ssc-miR-503, ssc-miR-6782-3p, and ssc-miR-424-5p) represent pattern 4, which had a decreased expression at 1W and a stable expression at 2W. Moreover, we identified 133 candidate targets for miR-196a using a target prediction database. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the target genes were associated with 19 biological processes, 4 cellular components, 8 molecular functions, and 7 KEGG pathways, including anterior/posterior pattern specification as well as the cancer, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, GnRH, and neurotrophin signaling pathways. These findings suggest that miRNAs regulate the development of the small intestine during the weaning process in piglets by anterior/posterior pattern specification as well as the cancer, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, GnRH, and neurotrophin signaling pathways.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of anise flavor on the performance of lactating sows and suckling pigs at different weaning ages. A total of 120 sows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) were used in this experiment. Sows were fed with a commercial lactation diet (60 sows) or diet with flavor (60 sows) during days 100 to 114 of gestation period and the whole lactation period. Piglets were allotted to 2 dietary treatments based on their initial body weight (BW) using a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels of anise flavor (0 or 0.5 g/kg) and weaning periods (weaned at 21 day or 28 day after birth). Sows fed with flavor supplemented diets had higher (p < 0.05) back fat and average daily feed intake (ADFI) at weaning, lower (p < 0.05) back fat loss than those fed with non-flavor diets. Sows weaned at 28 day had higher (p < 0.05) weaning back fat and lower (p < 0.05) back fat loss than those weaned on 21 day. During weaning, piglet average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) and fecal score were affected by anise flavor, respectively. In conclusion, dietary flavor supplementation could increase feed intake of lactating sows, improve growth performance and reduce weaning stress of piglets, especially effective in the early weanling piglets. Meanwhile, interactive effects were observed about the piglet performance between weaning ages and anise flavor supplementation after weaning.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.714-723
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of soft pellet creep feed (SPCF) on growth performance and intestinal development in piglets. Methods: A total of 18 sows and their litters of crossbred piglets (14±2 days, 3.73±0.72 kg) were assigned to one of three dietary groups receiving i) powder creep feed (PCF), ii) hard pellet creep feed (HPCF) or iii) SPCF during the pre-weaning period. After weaning, piglets were selected for continuous evaluation of the three diets on growth performance and intestinal health. Results: In the pre-weaning period, the average daily feed intake and average daily dry matter intake were significantly higher in the SPCF group than the HPCF group (p<0.05). In the post-weaning and entire experimental period, the different diets had no significant effect on growth performance. At 10 d after weaning, the serum glucose concentration was lower in the SPCF group (p<0.05) than the other groups; a higher (p<0.05) villus height and lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the jejunum were also observed in the SPCF group than the other groups; Meanwhile, in the duodenum and jejunum, the SPCF group had a higher (p<0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than the other groups; Furthermore, the higher (p<0.05) threshold cycle values of lactic acid bacteria and lower (p<0.05) threshold cycle values of Clostridium, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli were also observed in the SPCF group, and the sucrase and maltase activity was higher (p<0.05) in the SPCF group than the other groups in duodenum and ileum. Conclusion: The SPCF improved pre-weaning feed intake and decreased the negative effects of weaning stress in the intestine in piglets.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2021

Hantaan virus(HTNV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) with a case fatality rate ranging from <1 to 15 % in human. Hantavax^Ⓡ is a vaccine against the Hantavirus, which has been conditionally approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS). However, only 50 % of volunteers had neutralizing antibodies 1 year following the boost. Effective antiviral treatments against HTNV infection are limited. Hantaviruses generally cause asymptomatic infection in adult mice. On the other hand, infection of suckling and newborn mice with hantaviruses causes lethal neurological diesease or persistant infection, which is different from the disease in humans. The development of vaccines and antiviral strategies for HTNV has been partly hampered by the lack of an efficient lethal mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of the candidate vaccines or antivirals. In this report, we established a lethal mouse model for HTNV, which may facilitate in vivo studies on the evaluation of candidate drugs against HTNV. The median lethal dose value of HTNV was calculated by probit analysis of deaths occurring within two weeks. Five groups of ten ICR mice were injected intracranially with serial 2-fold dilutions (from 50 to 3.125 PFU/head) of HTNV. Mice injected with HTNV began to die at 8 days post-infection. The lethal dose required to kill 50 % of the mice (LD₅₀) was calculated to be 2.365 PFU/head.